Fig 105 - uploaded by Rajesh Jeewon
Content may be subject to copyright.
-Diplodia galiicola (JZB 3140014, new host record). a, b Conidiomata on host substrate. c Cross section of conidioma. d Peridium. e, f Mature and immature conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. g Immature conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. h, i Mature conidia. Scale bars: c = 100 μm, d-g = 20 μm, h, i = 10 μm.
Source publication
This paper is the first in the AJOM series in which we report 100 new collections of fungi which include new species, host and country records. In all, nine new species, 90 new records and one new combination are introduced. The purpose of this series is to provide an outlet for publishing collections with sequence data, so that these observations...
Citations
... With the increased number of studies of Botryosphaeriaceae based on morphology, ecology, and DNA-based phylogeny, more new species and records are constantly being discovered [7,[71][72][73][74]. However, there are still many aspects needed to clarify this fungal family, such as specifying species from environmental samples, resolving the opportunistic pathogenic nature, and defining species boundaries. ...
Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are common plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes found on a variety of mainly woody hosts. Botryosphaeriaceae is a high-profile fungal family whose genera have been subjected to continuous revisions in recent years. Surveys conducted during 2019 and 2020 on several decaying woody hosts (from dead arial twigs, branches, stems, bark, and seed pods) in China and Thailand revealed a high diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. Identification of 16 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was carried out based on both morphological characteristics and phylo-genetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and tub2 sequence data. Four novel species (Dothiorella ovata, Do. rosacearum, Do. septata, and Lasiodiplodia delonicis) and seven previously known species (Botryosphaeria fujianensis, Diplodia mutila, Di. seriata, L. crassispora, L. mahajangana, Macrophomina euphorbiicola and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola) were identified while new hosts and geographical records were reported. This study indicates that the fungal family Botryosphaeriaceae seems to be common and widespread on a broad range of hosts in China and Thailand.
... Leptosphaeriaceae, introduced by Barr [1], are widely distributed and exhibit diverse lifestyles, including fungicolous, epiphytic, parasitic, saprobic, and hemibiotrophic on herbaceous and woody plants [2][3][4][5][6]. For example, Leptosphaeria species are saprobes, plant pathogens, or hemibiotrophs on cultivated, wild herbaceous, and woody plants [7][8][9][10][11]. In the order Pleosporales, the family Leptosphaeriaceae contains economically significant plant pathogens [2]: i.e., Zhang et al. [8] reported Leptosphaeria species cause a serious disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus, canola) in China. ...
Leptosphaeriaceae is a widely distributed fungal family with diverse lifestyles. The family includes several genera that can be distinguished by morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. During our investigation of saprobic fungi on grasslands in Yunnan Province, China, four fungal taxa belonging to Leptosphaeriaceae associated with grasses were collected. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of the combined SSU, LSU, ITS, tub2, and rpb2 loci based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to reveal the taxonomic placement of these fungal taxa. This study introduces four new taxa, viz. Leptosphaeria yunnanensis, L. zhaotongensis, Paraleptosphaeria kunmingensis, and Plenodomus zhaotongensis. Colour photo plates, full descriptions, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new taxa are provided.
... BLASTn analysis of C. nabanheensis (HJAUP C2048 T ) and C. mengsongensis (HJAUP C2000 T ) shows 90% identity (540/598, 22 gaps) using ITS, 97% identity (559/578, 3 gaps) using LSU and 99% identity (1021/1026, no gaps) using SSU. Corynespora nabanheensis are morphologically similar to C. doipuiensis [12], but the latter differ in terms of their shorter and wider conidiophores (212-426 × 10-15 µm), with fewer successive cylindrical extensions and larger, obconical, guttulate, subhyaline to moderately brown conidia (136-165 × 5-25.5 µm). Furthermore, C. nabanheensis differ from C. mengsongensis, which have larger conidiophores (746-938 × 12.5-17 µm), with up to 2 successive cylindrical extensions and larger conidia (96-146 × 16.5-20.5 ...
... BLASTn analysis of C. yunnanensis (HJAUP C2132 T ) and C. submersa (MFLUCC 16-1101) shows 100% identity (487/487, no gaps) using ITS and 99% identity (544/547, 1 gap) using LSU. Corynespora yunnanensis are morphologically similar to C. submersa [12], but the latter differ by in terms of their shorter and narrower conidiophores (150-370 × 10-12 µm) and larger, catenate conidia (100-150 × 16-24 µm), with 9-13 distosepta. Furthermore, C. yunnanensis differ from C. mengsongensis, which have larger conidiophores (746-938 × 12.5-17 µm), with up to 2 successive cylindrical extensions, and larger conidia (96-146 × 16.5-20.5 ...
Plant debris are habitats favoring survival and multiplication of various microbial species. During continuing mycological surveys of saprobic microfungi from plant debris in Yunnan Province, China, several Corynespora-like and Dendryphiopsis-like isolates were collected from dead branches of unidentified perennial dicotyledonous plants. Four barcodes, i.e., ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α, were amplified and sequenced. Morphological studies and multigene phylogenetic analyses by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference revealed three new Corynespora species (C. mengsongensis sp. nov., C. nabanheensis sp. nov. and C. yunnanensis sp. nov.) and a new Kirschsteiniothelia species (K. nabanheensis sp. nov.) within Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota. A list of identified and accepted species of Corynespora with major morphological features, host information and locality was compiled. This work improves the knowledge of species diversity of Corynespora and Kirschsteiniothelia in Yunnan Province, China.
... Phylogeny also indicates that the clade containing our collection and P. estuarinum provides sister lineage to P. cyclothyrioides (Figure 4). The sexual morph of P. cyclothyrioides differs from our collection in having olive-brown, 3-septate, cylindrical to ellipsoidal ascospores with obtusely rounded ends, whereas our collection has light brown, 1-septeate, broadly fusiform ascospores with acute ends (Hyde et al., 2020a). Hence, based on significant differences, we present our collection as a novel species, P. zingiberacearum from dead stems of Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae). ...
Fungal taxonomy has a long history and changed significantly in the last few decades. Most recent studies have witnessed morphology combined with DNA-based molecular analyses as the main research tool for fungal species identification. During field surveys, some interesting Didymosphaeriaceae species were found from plant litter in China and Thailand. Morphology combined with phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian and maximum likelihood) of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and tub2 loci was used to identify fungal taxa. In this article, three new species and six new host records are described. The new species, Montagnula acaciae, Paraconiothyrium zingiberacearum, and Paraphaeosphaeria brachiariae, can be distinguished from other species of the respective genera based on their distinct size differences (ascomata, asci, and ascospores) and DNA sequence data. The new host records, Montagnula jonesii, Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, Spegazzinia deightonii, and S. tessarthra are reported from Ficus benjamina, Dimocarpus longan, Hedychium coronarium, and Acacia auriculiformis respectively, for the first time. Also, Paraconiothyrium archidendri and P. brasiliense are reported for the first time from Magnolia sp. in China. Moreover, Paraconiothyrium rosae is synonymized under P. fuckelii based on close phylogeny affinities and morphological characteristics. In-depth morphological descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided to show the placement of new taxa.
... Corynespora has been defined as having integrated, terminal, monotretic, determinate or percurrently extending conidiogenous cells on distinct conidiophores, and acrogenous, solitary or catenate, distoseptate phragmoconidia (Wei 1950, Ellis 1971, Seifert & al. 2011, Xu & al. 2020. Under this generic concept, more than 200 epithets for Corynespora are listed in Index Fungorum (2021), of which 137 are currently accepted (Siboe & al. 1999, McKenzie 2010, Hyde & al. 2020, Xu & al. 2020 (Sivanesan 1996). Subsequently, Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2017) assigned Corynespora cassiicola and C. smithii to Corynesporascaceae in their phylogenetic analysis and revealed the polyphyletic nature of Corynespora based on phylogenetic analyses and morphology. ...
A new anamorphic fungus, Corynespora chinensis , is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Hainan, China. The fungus is characterized by its terminal, monotretic conidiogenous cells with catenate, obclavate, pale brown, smooth, 1–5-distoseptate conidia.
... Most Leptosphaeriaceae species occur abundantly on dicotyledons, and the asexual morph can be coelomycetous (coniothyrium-like or phoma-like) or hyphomycetous [12,16,17]. Members of Leptosphaeriaceae are saprobes, hemibiotrophs, and pathogens [18][19][20][21][22]. Five genera Curreya, Didymolepta, Heptamaeria, Leptosphaeria, and Ophiobolus were previously included in the family [1]. ...
... The discovery of novel species in a pathogenic genus could also indicate the discovery of emerging pathogens that can cause damage to economically important crops [64,65]. The formation of new fungi species has been reported to be intricately linked to their evolutionary relationships and ecological roles [20]. These phenomena can also occur when species are associated with different hosts and environments, as in the case of A. centaureae-diffusae in this study. ...
Leptosphaeriaceae, a diverse family in the order Pleosporales, is remarkable for its scleroplectenchymatous or plectenchymatous peridium cells. Four Leptosphaeriaceae species were discovered and studied during the investigation of saprobic fungi from plant substrates in China. Novel
taxa were defined using multiloci phylogenetic analyses and are supported by morphology. Based
on maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses, these isolates represent three
novel taxa and one new record within Leptosphaeriaceae. A new genus, Angularia, is introduced to
accommodate Angularia xanthoceratis, with a synopsis chart for 15 genera in Leptosphaeriaceae. This
study also revealed a new species, Plenodomus changchunensis, and a new record of Alternariaster
centaureae-diffusae. These species add to the increasing number of fungi known from China.
... However, recently many researchers try to fill these voids by their studies. Many research papers have been published to disseminate the knowledge of new fungal collections and associations (Asian Journal of Mycology notes series, Fungal diversity notes series, Fungal planet descriptions series, Mycosphere notes, New and Interesting Fungi series) [25][26][27][28][29]. The checklists and detailed account of fungal species from under-surveyed areas may provide a more accurate estimation of species richness and the knowledge of their geographical distribution. ...
Diaporthe species are known to be mostly saprobic and pathogenic to numerous hosts in plantations, forests, and urban areas worldwide. Their relationship with host plants and distribution is poorly discussed. Combined morpho-molecular data have resulted in ten Diaprothe strains from ten host species in genera Acer, Alianthus, Artemisia, Aster, Ballota, Dittrichia, Euonymus, Eupatorium, Laburnum and Scabiosa. The isolates were identifi ed as Diaporthe arctii, D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. novem and D. rudis which are new records of host associations from Italy. Detailed descriptions and phylogenetic placements for the above fi ve species are provided. This study provides an updated list of Diaporthe species related to their host associations in Italy.
... Furthermore, Trichomerium were found as extremotolerant fungi on rock surfaces [32]. Currently, seven Trichomerium species have been reported in Thailand: T. camporesii on the leaf surface of guava (Psidium guajava) [33], T. chiangmaiensis from coffee leaves [24], T. gloeosporum on fig (Ficus sp.) leaves [6] and gardenia (Gardenia sp.) [34], T. bambusae on culm of bamboo [35], T. siamensis on yellow elder (Tecoma sp.) leaves [36] and T. foliicola on orange jasmine (Murraya paniculate) leaves, mango (Mangifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) [6]. In our study we provide a novel host record and asexual morph for the T. deniqulatum on white meranti (Shorea roxburghii) in Thailand. ...
In the current study, eleven sooty mold isolates were collected from different tropical host plants. The isolates were identified under Capnodium, Leptoxyphium and Trichomerium, based on morphology and phylogeny. For the secondary metabolite analysis, the isolates were grown on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The well-grown mycelia were filtered and extracted over methanol (MeOH). The metabolites in the growth medium (or filtrate) were extracted over ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The antifungal activities of each crude extract were tested over Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. The metabolites were further tested for their total phenolic, flavonoid and protein content prior to their antioxidant and anti-fungal potential evaluation. The MeOH extracts of sooty molds were enriched with proteins and specifically inhibited Curvularia sp. The total phenolic content and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activity was largely recovered from the filtrate corresponding to the inhibition of Alternaria sp.; while the flavonoid and free radical reduction suggested a relative induction of growth of the Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp. Hence, this study reveals the diversity of sooty molds in Thailand by a modern phylogenetic approach. Furthermore, the preliminary screening of the isolates reveals the potential of finding novel compounds and providing insights for the future research on secondary metabolites of bio-trophic fungi and their potential usage on sustainable agriculture.
... Woody litter microfungi is an overlooked group of fungi in GMS and based on previous fungal estimates, there is undoubtedly a large number of new species yet to be described from this region. Our ongoing studies into the diversity of microfungi of the GMS are actively contributing towards filling in the knowledge gap in fungal taxonomy, phylogeny, host association and ecological distribution of Rhytidhysteron species in this region (Luo et al. 2018;Bao et al. 2019;Dong et al. 2020;Hyde et al. 2020b;Monkai et al. 2020Monkai et al. , 2021Wanasinghe et al. 2020Wanasinghe et al. , 2021Yasanthika et al. 2020). Our specific objectives of this study are as follows: 1) to describe a novel species of Rhytidhysteron with evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data; 2) to characterize (based on morphology and phylogeny) additional new records of Rhytidhysteron; 3) to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of our Rhytidhysteron samples based on DNA sequence analyses from rDNA and protein coding genes and update the taxonomy of Rhytidhysteron. ...
During our survey into the diversity of woody litter fungi across the Greater Mekong Subregion, three rhytidhysteron-like taxa were collected from dead woody twigs in China and Thailand. These were further investigated based on morphological observations and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of a combined DNA data matrix containing SSU, LSU, ITS, and tef 1-α sequence data. A new species of Rhytidhysteron , R. xiaokongense sp. nov. is introduced with its asexual morph, and it is characterized by semi-immersed, subglobose to ampulliform conidiomata, dark brown, oblong to ellipsoidal, 1-septate, conidia, which are granular in appearance when mature. In addition to the new species, two new records from Thailand are reported viz. Rhytidhysteron tectonae on woody litter of Betula sp. (Betulaceae) and Fabaceae sp. and Rhytidhysteron neorufulum on woody litter of Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae). Morphological descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes and phylogenetic analyses are provided for all entries.
... Paraconithyrium cyclothyrioides (asexual morph) is a coelomycetous fungal species recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients and causes cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis (Gordon et al. 2012). The sexual morph of P. cyclothyrioides was also frequently recorded on S. monoica (Hyde et al. 2020a). Similarly, we have found Scedosporium aurantiacum as a saprobe on decaying woody stems of the halophyte S. monoica from marine habitats. ...
Fungi occur in mangroves as saprobes, pathogens, and endophytes of a wide range of timber host substrates and may also be isolated from the water column and bottom sediments. In this study, we explore their biodiversity within a single mangrove forest at Muthupet, Tamil Nadu, India. The study showed a rich diversity of fungi on five decaying host substrates (out of seven host substrates) collected in the intertidal zone, resulting in 78 marine fungal taxa in 67 genera from 11 field collections and 6215 samples. Of the 78 taxa, 56 species (in 47 genera) belong to the Ascomycota and two species (2 genera) to Basidiomycota with the remaining 20 species representing asexual fungi (18 genera). Some fungal species were repeatedly reported: Verruculina enalia (21.65%) was the most frequently collected fungus; Marinosphaera mangrovei (9.2%), Rimora mangrovei (9.15%), Okeanomyces cucullatus (8.7%), Halocryptosphaeria bathurstensis (6%) in the frequent category, Paraconiothyrium cyclothyroides (4.5%), Hysterium rhizophorae (3.5%), Sclerococcum haliotrephum (3.6%), Lulworthia sp. (3.6%), and Farasanispora avicenniae (3%) were infrequently collected. Of the host substrates, Avicennia marina wood pieces harbored 49 fungal species of which 19 were unique. Two-way ANOVA revealed that fungal species richness was not affected irrespective of the collection season (P = 0.239) but was significantly dependent on the wood species (P < 0.001).
