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Diplodia arengae (MFLU 17-2769, holotype). a, b Appearance of ascomata on dead leaf of Arenga hookeriana. c Section of ascoma. d Close up of ostiole. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g, h Asci. i-l Ascospores. Scale bars: c = 100 µm, d, e, g, h = 20 µm, f, i-l = 10 µm.
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This is the fourth in a series of Mycosphere notes wherein we provide notes on various fungal genera. In this set of notes, we introduce Phaeoseptaceae as a new family, Pseudobyssosphaeria (Melanommataceae) as a new genus, 40 new species, 11 new host or country records, one reference specimen, one new combination and provide a description of the ho...
Citations
... Known distribution. China, Thailand Hyde et al. 2018; this study). ...
Melanommataceous species exhibit high diversity with a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide and show a prominent saprobic lifestyle. In this study, we explored five saprobic species collected from plant litter substrates from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. A combination of morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses was used to determine their taxonomic classifications. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1-α sequence data were used to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the species. Byssosphaeria poaceicola and Herpotrichia zingiberacearum are introduced as new species, while three new host records, Bertiella fici, By. siamensis and Melanomma populicola are also reported from litter of Cinnamomum verum, Citrus trifoliata and Fagus sylvatica, respectively. Yet, despite the rising interest in the melanommataceous species, there is a considerable gap in knowledge on their host associations and geographical distributions. Consequently, we compiled the host-species associations and geographical distributions of all the so far known melanommataceous species.
... These ascomata differed in several characteristics but were semi-immersed to erumpent with filiform, generally septate and spirally twisted ascospores. In phylogenetic analyses of different combinations of DNA loci, generally ITS, nc LSU rDNA, nc SSU rDNA, TEF1-α and RPB2, Poaceascoma species grouped together in well supported clades (Phookamsak et al. 2015;Luo et al. 2016;Hyde et al. 2017Hyde et al. , 2018Crous et al. 2020). ...
... b Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) tree of ITS sequences of Poaceascoma species and P. zborayi isolates with bootstrap values and scale bar as described above. Setoseptoria arundelensis and Setoseptoria englandensis (MFLUCC 17-0778) served as outgroups ◂ plant materials (Luo et al. 2016;Hyde et al. 2017Hyde et al. , 2018Crous et al. 2020;Boonmee et al. 2021;Tan et al. 2021). ...
... Here we could observe the production of two different structures: P. zborayi (isolate BTD15) formed globose immature sporocarps that we could neither identify as ascomata nor pycnidia (Fig. 1b). They were larger (500-800 µm diam) than most of the ascomata of known Poaceascoma species (Hyde et al. 2018). Brownish-red, rough-walled, warted, segmented conidium-like structures were repeatedly observed, emerging from conidiophore structures with variable sizes (20-40 μm) (Fig. 1c, d). ...
In this study, we investigated two distinct new phylogenetic lineages of root-colonizing dark septate endophytic fungi colonizing wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) roots from a long-term agricultural experimental site in Hungary. According to four-locus (internal transcribed spacer, partial large and small subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha) phylogenetic analyses, the isolates belong to the Lentitheciaceae and Didymosphaeriaceae of the Pleosporales ( Dothideomycetes ). We studied the morphology and culture characteristics of the strains. We carried out in vitro resynthesis pot experiments with their original hosts and found no overall negative effect of the inoculation with different isolates of the new taxa. One of the lineages belonged to the genus Poaceascoma ( Lentitheciaceae ) and represented a novel species described here as Poaceascoma zborayi . We could describe conidia-like structures from this species. Isolates of the other lineage represented a monotypic novel genus in the Didymosphaeriaceae . Accordingly, the new genus, Agrorhizomyces , represented by the species A. patris , is introduced. Sterile, globose structures resembling immature sporocarps were detected. Sequence similarity searches indicated that P. zborayi might be widely distributed, while no sequence similar to A. patris was found outside the sampling area.
... Subsequently, Tanaka et al. [11] reclassified Periconia in Periconiaceae based on the multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, which showed that Periconia species formed a distinct cluster separate from Massarinaceae. Until now, the latest treatment of Periconia by Tanaka et al. [11] has been followed by subsequent studies [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Most Periconia species have been reported based on their asexual morphs, while five species have been reported based on their sexual morphs, viz., P. didymosporum, P. homothallica, P. igniaria, P. prolifica, and P. pseudodigitata [11,17]. ...
During a survey of fungi on Wurfbainia villosa in Guangdong Province, China, three novel species, Periconia endophytica, P. yangjiangensis, and P. wurfbainiae, belonging to Periconiaceae in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes are proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Periconia endophytica was isolated from the healthy leaves of W. villosa, while P. yangjiangensis and P. wurfbainiae were obtained from the dead stems of the same host. Notably, holomorphs were observed in P. wurfbainiae. The morphological characteristics of the novel taxa are compared with closely related species within Periconia. Illustrations, morphological descriptions, and phylogenetic analyses are provided for the novel taxa. Multilocus phylogeny of the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), small subunit nuclear ribosomal rDNA (SSU), and partial translation elongation factor 1–α (tef1-α) regions supported the establishment of three new species. Furthermore, the taxa clustering in Periconia, Flavomyces fulophazii, and Sporidesmium tengii, are discussed for further investigation of their taxonomic placements.
... noteworthy that these species had not previously been identified as mangrove endophytic fungi R. neopustulans has been documented as occurring on dead bamboo culms, as reported by Liu et al. (2013), where it was isolated from decaying bamboo culms. The Roussoella genus is primarily associated with terrestrial plants, as indicated by studies conducted by Hyde et al. (2018) and Poli et al. (2020). Within the Roussoella genus, only two species, namely R. mangrovei and R. nitidula, have been reported from marine environments, with R. mangrovei, specifically occurring on an intertidal mangrove branch, as documented by . ...
Endophytic fungi exhibit a wide distribution across various plant tissues, including mangroves yet their exploration in many regions worldwide remains limited. Consequently, this study presents the first-ever report on the endophytic fungal diversity observed within the mangrove ecosystem of selected coastal areas in Tanzania. A culture-dependent technique was deployed to explore these fungi, followed by morphological and molecular characterization. Using the leaves, stems, and roots of five different mangroves: Avicennia marina, Brugniera gymnorrhiza, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal, and Sonneratia alba we examined how mangrove species and tissue types affected the diversity of endophytic fungi. A total of 34 fungal isolates were collected, and they represented three classes: Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. These classes included fifteen genera and seven orders, totaling twenty-five different species. Among the identified genera, Aspergillus emerged as the dominant genus, constituting 26.47% of the collected isolates, followed by Pestalotiopsis at 14.71%. Endophytic fungal diversity in the examined explants was analyzed using Shannon-Weiner (H’) and Simpson’s (1-D) diversity index. In comparison to other plant tissues, the stem showed a high degree of variety (H’ = 2.54). Conversely, compared to other mangrove species, Avicennia marina displayed a higher fungal diversity (H’ = 2.46). Notably, this study also reveals the presence of two species, namely Roussoella neopustulans and Spegazzinia bromeliacearum, that had not been previously documented as endophytic fungi within mangroves. The study underscores the diverse and promising potential of mangrove fungal endophytes, highlighting the need for further research and sustainable management in this area.
... Another problematic part of Acrospermum phylogeny is the unresolved relationship between saprotrophic taxa. Both Acrospermum longisporum and A. urticae were described on the dead stem of Urtica dioica from Great Britain and Italy, respectively (Hongsanan et al. 2020;Hyde et al. 2018). Those two species have tentative morphological differences in ascoma and ascospore sizes. ...
Acrospermales represent one of the least studied lineages of Dothideomycetes and are characterized by diverse ecological strategies, including saprotrophic, epiphytic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, and bryophilous lifestyles. The order is composed of two teleomorphic genera, Acrospermum and Oomyces, and five anamorphic genera of unclear relationships. The objectives of the study were to establish the phylogenetic position of Acrospermum species collected from lichens in the tropical forest of Bolivia and to infer the evolution of the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales. Our results reveal that the examined specimens from Bolivia represent a new species, A. bolivianum, which is well characterized by its phylogenetic distinctness, morphological characteristics, and host selection. The new species is the first lichenicolous member of Acrospermum and forms a well-supported clade sister to the bryophilous Acrospermum adeanum. The evolution of lifestyles, concluded by phylogenetic analyses and ancestral state reconstructions, indicated that the saprotrophic lifestyle is ancestral to Acrospermales. This corresponds to their close relationship to other saprotrophic lineages of Dothideomycetes and indicates that the wide spectrum of nutritional strategies, currently observed in Acrospermales, may be a result of more recent shifts in their ecology. Our results also suggest that the lichenicolous lifestyle in Acrospermales appeared independently at least two times. Lichenicolous species are represented in our data set by Acrospermum bolivianum and Gonatophragmium physciae, which evolved from lichenicolous and plant-parasite ancestors, respectively. The genus Oomyces, represented by O. carneoalbus, was included for the first time in the phylogenetic analysis and showed a sister relationship to the remaining taxa of Acrospermales.
... Saprobic fungi play a substantial role in breaking down the organic compounds in plant litter, thereby supporting nutrient recycling and maintaining balance within forest ecosystems (Hyde et al. 2007;Baldrian and Lindahl 2011;Zifcakova et al. 2011). Previous studies have been conducted on documenting leaf litter inhabiting fungal species, resulting in many novel species recorded from Dothideomycetes Wanasinghe et al. 2017;Hyde et al. 2018Hyde et al. , 2017Pem et al. 2018Pem et al. , 2019Phookamsak et al. 2019;Tennakoon et al. 2021b;Bhunjun et al. 2022). The methods to elucidate litter fungi include direct observation following collection and incubation (Parungao et al. 2002;Senwanna et al. 2021), particle filtration (Paulus et al. 2003(Paulus et al. , 2006a(Paulus et al. , 2006b) and high throughput sequencing (Nilsson et al. 2019;Gruppuso et al. 2023). ...
Studying the taxonomy, diversity and host preference of leaf litter inhabiting microfungi contributes towards elucidating hidden taxa, their host affinities and recovering novel life modes dwelling inside forest ecosystems. Leaf litter-inhabiting microfungi also play a crucial role in forest ecosystems through decomposition and nutrient recycling. This study resulted in the introduction of saprobic Didymellaceae microfungi from Doi Tung Forest Reserve, Chiang Rai, northern Thailand. Fungal isolates were characterised based on morphology and molecular phylogeny of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (tub2, rpb2). Allophoma tropica and Remotididymella ageratinae are recorded from dead leaves of Nayariophyton zizyphifolium (Malvaceae), and Didymella coffeae-arabicae from Dalbergia cultrata and Afzelia xylocarpa (Fabaceae). This study also reports the sexual morph of Allophoma tropica and Didymella coffeae-arabicae and provides molecular evidence for the first reports of sexual morphs from Thailand.
... Each annotated record provides details about specimen ecology and collection information: locality, substrate, date of collecting and specimen herbarium numbers. The identification of the fungal species was carried out by light microscopy of temporary preparations ac-cording to standard methods (Blagoveshchenskaya, 2015); special keys books and monographs were used to determinate the fungal species (Kuprevich, Ulyanishchev, 1975;Ulyanishchev, 1978;Sutton, 1980;Butin, 1989;Braun, Melnik, 1997;Ellis and Ellis, 1997;Braun, 1998;Karatygin, 2002;Braun, Cook, 2012;Knudsen, Vesterholt, 2012;Ryvarden, Melo, 2014;Blagoveshchenskaya, 2015), as well as some additional publications devoted to the study and taxonomical revision of the some particular fungal taxa and new species descriptions (Chethana et al., 2015;Daranagama et al., 2016;Norphanphoun et al., 2017;Vohlmayr et al., 2017;Hyde et al., 2018;Jaklitsch et al., 2018;Crous et al., 2020) and open global data base "Fungal Databases: U.S. National Fungus Collections" (Farr, Rossman, 2023). The names of fungal species are given according to the open database "MycoBank" (Myco-Bank, 2023). ...
... An interesting case is the two species found on Acer negundo, Phaebotryon negundinis and Neodidymelliopsis negundinis; the latter species was found not only on the ash-leaved maple Acer negundo, but also on the European spindle tree Euonymus europaeus (Hyde et al., 2018). Thus, it may be an invasive fungal species introduced from North America, or poor-known Eurasian species infecting many plants. ...
The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in Sverdlovsk Region (the Middle Urals, Russia). Totally, 75 species of macro-and microfungi reported on alien and aborigine woody plants for the first time in the region. The most numerous group are alien plant pathogenic fungi (71%) developing on cultivated fruit trees in gardens and parks, as well as on many common species of trees and shrubs in urban greening.
... www.nature.com/scientificdata/ The mass spectrometry proteomic raw data are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [1] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD038112 53 and PXD038175 54 . ...
The Periconia fungal genus belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, order Pleosporales, family Periconiaceae. Periconia are found in many habitats, but little is known about their ecology. Several species from this genus produce bioactive molecules. Periconia digitata extracts were shown to be deadly active against the pine wilt nematode. Furthermore, P. digitata was shown to inhibit the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. Because P. digitata has great potential as a biocontrol agent and high quality genomic resources are still lacking in the Periconiaceae family, we generated long-read genomic data for P. digitata. Using PacBio Hifi sequencing technology, we obtained a highly-contiguous genome assembled in 13 chromosomes and totaling ca. 39 Mb. In addition, we produced a reference transcriptome, based on 12 different culture conditions, and proteomic data to support the genome annotation. Besides representing a new reference genome within the Periconiaceae, this work will contribute to our better understanding of the Eukaryotic tree of life and opens new possibilities in terms of biotechnological applications.
... Notes -Neophaeosphaeria was introduced by Câmara et al. (2003) to accommodate four species, namely N. filamentosa, N. barrii, N. conglomerata and N. quadriseptata. Subsequently, N. agaves and N. phragmiticola were added by Crous et al. (2013) and Hyde et al. (2018), respectively. The phylogeny inferred from the ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequences demonstrated that the new species N. livistonae nested in the Neophaeosphaeria clade and forms an independent lineage sister to N. phragmiticola (KUMCC 16-0216) with full statistical support (100 %). ...
... Notes -Neophaeosphaeria was introduced by Câmara et al. (2003) to accommodate four species, namely N. filamentosa, N. barrii, N. conglomerata and N. quadriseptata. Subsequently, N. agaves and N. phragmiticola were added by Crous et al. (2013) and Hyde et al. (2018), respectively. The phylogeny inferred from the ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequences demonstrated that the new species N. livistonae nested in the Neophaeosphaeria clade and forms an independent lineage sister to N. phragmiticola (KUMCC 16-0216) with full statistical support (100 %). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Aschersonia mackerrasiae on whitefly, Cladosporium corticola on bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Penicillium nudgee from soil under Melaleuca quinquenervia, Pseudocercospora blackwoodiae on leaf spot of Persoonia falcata, and Pseudocercospora dalyelliae on leaf spot of Senna alata. Bolivia, Aspicilia lutzoniana on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and Niesslia parviseta on the lower part and apothecial discs of Erioderma barbellatum onatwig. Brazil, Cyathus bonsai on decaying wood, Geastrum albofibrosum from moist soil with leaf litter, Laetiporus pratigiensis on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and Scytalidium synnematicum on dead twigs of unidentified plant. Bulgaria, Amanita abscondita on sandy soil in a plantation of Quercus suber. Canada, Penicillium acericola on dead bark of Acer saccharum, and Penicillium corticola on dead bark of Acer saccharum. China, Colletotrichum qingyuanense on fruit lesion of Capsicum annuum. Denmark, Helminthosphaeria leptospora on corticioid Neohypochnicium cremicolor. Ecuador (Galapagos), Phaeosphaeria scalesiae on Scalesia sp. Finland, Inocybe jacobssonii on calcareouss oils in dry forests and park habitats. France, Cortinarius rufomyrrheus on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster, and Periconia neominutissima on leaves of Poaceae. India, Coprinopsis fragilis on decaying bark of logs, Filoboletus keralensis on unidentified woody substrate, Penicillium sankaranii from soil, Physisporinus tamilnaduensis on the trunk of Azadirachta indica, and Poronia nagaraholensis on elephant dung. Iran, Neosetophoma fic on infected leaves of Ficus elastica. Israel, Cnidariophoma eilatica (incl. Cnidariophoma gen. nov.) from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Lyophyllum obscurum on acidic soil. Namibia, Aureobasidium faidherbiae on dead leaf of Faidherbia albida, and Aureobasidium welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis. Netherlands, Gaeumannomycella caricigena on dead culms of Carex elongata, Houtenomyces caricicola (incl. Houtenomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Carex disticha, Neodacampia ulmea (incl. Neodacampia gen. nov.) on branch of Ulmus laevis, Niesslia phragmiticola on dead standing culms of Phragmites australis, Pseudopyricularia caricicola on culms of Carex disticha, and Rhodoveronaea nieuwwulvenica on dead bamboo sticks. Norway, Arrhenia similis half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grownpath. Pakistan, Mallocybe ahmadii on soil. Poland, Beskidomyces laricis (incl. Beskidomyces gen. nov.) from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Lapidomyces epipinicola from sooty mould community on Pinus nigra, and Leptographium granulatum from a gallery of Dendroctonus micans on Picea abies. Portugal, Geoglossum azoricum on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, and Lunasporangiospora lusitanica from a biofilm covering a bio deteriorated limestone wall. Qatar, Alternaria halotolerans from hypersaline sea water, and Alternaria qatarensis from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. South Africa, Alfaria thamnochorti on culm of Thamnochortus fraternus, Knufia aloeicola on Aloe gariepensis, Muriseptatomyces restionacearum (incl.Muriseptatomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Restionaceae, Neocladosporium arctotis on nest of cases of bagworm moths(Lepidoptera, Psychidae) on Arctotis auriculata, Neodevriesia scadoxi on leaves of Scadoxus puniceus, Paraloratospora schoenoplecti on stems of Schoenoplectus lacustris, Tulasnella epidendrea from the roots of Epidendrum × obrienianum, and Xenoidriella cinnamomi (incl. Xenoidriella gen. nov.) on leaf of Cinnamomum camphora. South Korea, Lemonniera fraxinea on decaying leaves of Fraxinus sp. frompond. Spain, Atheniella lauri on the bark of fallen trees of Laurus nobilis, Halocryptovalsa endophytica from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Salicornia patula, Inocybe amygdaliolens on soil in mixed forest, Inocybe pityusarum on calcareous soil in mixed forest, Inocybe roseobulbipes on acidic soils, Neonectria borealis from roots of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris, Sympoventuria eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., and Tuber conchae fromsoil. Sweden, Inocybe bidumensis on calcareous soil. Thailand, Cordyceps sandindaengensis on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil, Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis on Coleoptera larva, buried in soil, and Samsoniella winandae on Lepidoptera pupa, buriedinsoil. Taiwan region (China), Neophaeosphaeria livistonae on dead leaf of Livistona rotundifolia. Türkiye, Melanogaster anatolicus on clay loamy soils. UK, Basingstokeomyces allii (incl. Basingstokeomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Allium schoenoprasum. Ukraine, Xenosphaeropsis corni on recently dead stem of Cornus alba. USA, Nothotrichosporon aquaticum (incl. Nothotrichosporon gen. nov.) from water, and Periconia philadelphiana from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes.
