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With the development of China’s social economy, the pace of people’s life is also accelerating. Therefore, in the face of the increasing pressure of life and work, people have begun to pay more and more attention to improving their physical fitness and they also pay more and more attention to sports in their spare time. The knee joint is a very imp...
Citations
... Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: ...
... For example, muscle tension can be used to predict worker fatigue [1]. Human behavior is usually used as behavior modeling together with data from other sources, which can be used to diagnose patients' physical and psychological diseases in healthcare domain [45] [53], and to evaluate the cognitive performance of workers (e.g., knowledge, skills, ability, workload level, decision-making ability) in the industry domain [1]. Due to human social characteristics, HDT modelling must take human social interaction data into account. ...
... This method can quickly and accurately establish a patient's HDT model, but it cannot further learn from the patient's historical records and medical conditions, which has certain limitations. Similarly, in the medical domain, Chen et al. [53] used a 3D visualization system to build a model of knee joint motion and supported the analysis of motion trajectories to achieve real-time motion tracking. The above two methods model human motion, which is more complicated than a single part. ...
Digital twin has recently attracted growing attention, leading to intensive research and applications. Along with this, a new research area, dubbed as "human digital twin" (HDT), has emerged. Similar to the conception of digital twin, HDT is referred to as the replica of a physical-world human in the digital world. Nevertheless, HDT is much more complicated and delicate compared to digital twins of any physical systems and processes, due to humans' dynamic and evolutionary nature, including physical, behavioral, social, physiological, psychological, cognitive, and biological dimensions. Studies on HDT are limited, and the research is still in its infancy. In this paper, we first examine the inception, development, and application of the digital twin concept, providing a context within which we formally define and characterize HDT based on the similarities and differences between digital twin and HDT. Then we conduct an extensive literature review on HDT research, analyzing underpinning technologies and establishing typical frameworks in which the core HDT functions or components are organized. Built upon the findings from the above work, we propose a generic architecture for the HDT system and describe the core function blocks and corresponding technologies. Following this, we present the state of the art of HDT technologies and applications in the healthcare, industry, and daily life domain. Finally, we discuss various issues related to the development of HDT and point out the trends and challenges of future HDT research and development.
... For example, muscle tension can be used to predict worker fatigue [1]. Human behavior is usually used as behavior modeling together with data from other sources, which can be used to diagnose patients' physical and psychological diseases in healthcare domain [48] [56], and to evaluate the cognitive performance of workers (e.g., knowledge, skills, ability, workload level, decision-making ability) in the industry domain [1]. Due to human social characteristics, HDT modelling must take human social interaction data into account. ...
... This method can quickly and accurately establish a patient's HDT model, but it cannot further learn from the patient's historical records and medical conditions, which has certain limitations. Similarly, in the medical domain, Chen et al. [56] used a 3D visualization system to build a model of knee joint motion and supported the analysis of motion trajectories to achieve real-time motion tracking. The above two methods model human motion, which is more complicated than a single part. ...
Digital twin has recently attracted growing attention, leading to intensive research and applications. Along with this, a new research area, dubbed as "human digital twin" (HDT), has emerged. Similar to the conception of digital twin, HDT is referred to as the replica of a physical-world human in the digital world. Nevertheless, HDT is much more complicated and delicate compared to digital twins of any physical systems and processes, due to humans' dynamic and evolutionary nature, including physical, behavioral, social, physiological, psychological, cognitive, and biological dimensions. Studies on HDT are limited, and the research is still in its infancy. In this paper, we first examine the inception, development, and application of the digital twin concept, providing a context within which we formally define and characterize HDT based on the similarities and differences between digital twin and HDT. Then we conduct an extensive literature review on HDT research, analyzing underpinning technologies and establishing typical frameworks in which the core HDT functions or components are organized. Built upon the findings from the above work, we propose a generic architecture for the HDT system and describe the core function blocks and corresponding technologies. Following this, we present the state of the art of HDT technologies and applications in the healthcare, industry, and daily life domain. Finally, we discuss various issues related to the development of HDT and point out the trends and challenges of future HDT research and development.
