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Plastics play an essential role in every area of the economy across the world due to their widespread usage in
agriculture, architecture and construction, health, and consumer products. They are the foundation of many businesses
since they are utilized in the production of a variety of commodities such as defense materials, sanitary wares, tiles,
p...
Citations
... The test bacterial strains were isolated from patients diagnosed with microbial keratitis by Sahadan et al. (2019). To prepare the bacterial inoculum, several bacterial colonies from 24 h old culture were suspended into sterile saline (Cheng et al., 2020;Chuah et al., 2023;Tong et al., 2023;Hii et al., 2009;Chuah et al., 2022;Dailin et al., 2022aDailin et al., , 2022bHaq et al., 2022). The turbidity of the bacterial suspension was compared and matched with MacFarland 0.5 standard, which is equivalent to bacterial cell density of 1.5 × 10 8 cfu mL − 1 . ...
Vancomycin is the last resort antibiotic for the treatment of severe bacterial keratitis. However, its clinical application is limited due to its hydrophilicity and high molecular weight. To overcome this, this study aims to develop nanoparticles-laden contact lens for controlled ocular delivery of vancomycin. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as encapsulant material. The nanoparticles had a negative surface charge and an average size of 147.6 nm. A satisfactory encapsulation efficiency (61.24%) was obtained. The release profile was observed to be slow and sustained, with a release rate of 1.29 μL mg-1 h-1 for 48 h. Five out of 6 test bacteria were suppressed by vancomycin nanoparticles-laden contact lens. Vancomycin is generally ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria and unable to pass through the outer membrane barrier. However, in this study, vancomycin inhibited Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nano-encapsulation enables vancomycin to penetrate the Gram-negative cell wall, and further destroy the bacterial cells. On Hohenstein challenge test, all test bacteria exhibited significant reduction in growth when exposed to vancomycin nanoparticles-laden contact lens. This study created an effective and long-lasting vancomycin delivery system via silicone hydrogel contact lenses, by using PVA as encapsulant. The antibiotic efficacy and vancomycin release should be further studied using ocular in vivo models.
... Quaternary ammonium salts may become eutectics by forming complexes that decrease the lattice energy and freezing temperature. ChCl is typically used in agrochemicals (chicken feeds) and pharmaceuticals (human nutrition) because of its excellent biodegradability (Haq et al., 2022;Dailin et al., 2022aDailin et al., , 2022bDailin et al., , 2022c and low cost. The ChCl-based DESs exhibited low and moderate cytotoxicity. ...
It is essential to investigate the physicochemical and thermal properties of choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with various hydrogen bond donor (HBD) functional groups, such as α-hydroxy acid (lactic acid) or polyol (glycerol). Furthermore, it is important to consider how molar ratios impact these properties, as they may be altered for particular applications. This study aimed to examine the physicochemical and thermal properties of ChCl-based DESs with lactic acid (LA) or glycerol (Gly) at different molar ratios (1:2-1:10). The pH of ChCl:LA (0-1.0) is lower than that of ChCl:Gly (4.0-5.0) because of the hydrogen bonds between ChCl and LA. A higher amount of LA/Gly resulted in higher densities of ChCl:Gly (1.20-1.22 g cm-3) and ChCl:LA (1.16-1.19 g cm-3) due to the stronger hydrogen bonds and tighter packing of the molecules. Meanwhile, the refractive index of ChCl:Gly (1.47-1.48) was higher than ChCl:LA (1.44-1.46), with a trend similar to density. The viscosities of ChCl:Gly (0.235-0.453 Pa s) and ChCl:LA (0.04-0.06 Pa s) increased with increasing LA/Gly molar ratio but decreased with temperature due to the high kinetic energy from heating, lowering the attractive forces between molecules. The activation energy for ChCl:LA (15.29-15.55 kJ mol-1) is greater than for ChCl:Gly (7.77-8.78 kJ mol-1), indicating that ChCl:LA has a greater viscosity-temperature dependence than ChCl:Gly. The DESs decomposition temperatures are 179.73-192.14 °C for ChCl:LA and 189.69-197.41 °C for ChCl:Gly. Freezing temperatures are correlated with the molecular weight of HBDs, with lower values causing a larger decrease in freezing temperatures. The interactions of polyols with anions were stronger than those of α-hydroxy acids with anions. In conclusion, the variations in HBA to HBD molar ratios affected DESs properties, providing a fundamental understanding of the properties critical for their diverse applications.
... In order to be sustained and successful, these activities should be both innovative and intellectual within a dynamic environment. For nations to achieve economic (Cao et al., 2023;Cheng et al., 2020;Tong et al., 2023;Chang et al., 2022), social Che Mahadi et al., 2023;Hii et al., 2009) and environmental dev(elopment; Bokhari et al., 2016;Chuah et al., 2015;Dailin et al., 2022a;2022c) Alsaiari et al., 2023, it is imperative to possess innovation capability and intellectual capital. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between innovation capability, intellectual capital and the performance of SMEs, while considering the moderating influence of the external environment. ...
Small and medium-sized businesses are vital to the growth and development of a country. This study examined how innovation capability, intellectual capital, and SME performance are related. Cross-sectional questionnaires were given to 379 Pakistani textile SMEs. Only 318 surveys were considered reliable enough to proceed with the investigation. To test each hypothesis and assess the validity and reliability of the measurement model, this study used the PLS-SEM (Smart-PLS 4.0) technique. The findings indicate that the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is significantly impacted by their innovation capability and intellectual capital. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the innovation capability and intellectual capital of an organization are significantly impacted by the external environment. The analysis indicates that intangible resources, specifically innovation capability and intellectual capital, are crucial determinants of sustainable growth and are considered internal capabilities of the firm. This study provides valuable insights and knowledge for both governmental entities and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In order to boost Pakistani SMEs' performance and build a sustainable economy, these insights can be incorporated into government programs and guidelines. This study contributed to the body of knowledge by assessing internal capacities (innovation capability and intellectual capital) in the setting of SMEs with the moderating influence of the external environment, as the majority of studies on these variables focused on large enterprises.
... The increase in demand for packaged and processed food products as a result of urbanisation and lifestyle changes is driving the expansion of the food packaging market. Non-biodegradable plastics have significant environmental impacts (Dailin et al., 2022a;Sadia et al., 2022;Karim et al., 2022). They contribute to pollution, especially in water bodies, where they break down into microplastics (Zhang et al., 2021;Dailin et al., 2022b;Hii et al., 2009). ...
Plastics are still the most popular food packaging material, and many of them end up in the environment for a long period. Besides, due to packaging material's inability to inhibit microbial growth, beef often contains microorganisms that affect its aroma, colour, and texture. Cinnamic acid is categorized as generally recognised as safe and is permitted for use in food, however, the development of biodegradable food packaging film with cinnamic acid has never been conducted before. Thus, this present study was aimed to develop a biodegradable active packaging material for fresh beef using sodium alginate and pectin. The film was successfully developed with solution casting method. The films' thickness, colour, moisture level, dissolution, water vapour permeability, bending strength, and elongation at break were comparable to those of polyethylene plastic film in terms of these attributes. The developed film also showed the degradability in soil of 43.26% in a duration of 15 days. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that cinnamic acid was successfully incorporated with the film. The developed film showed significant inhibitory activity on all test foodborne bacteria. On Hohenstein Challenge Test, a 51.28-70.45% reduction on bacterial growth was also observed. The antibacterial efficacy of the established film by using fresh beef as food model. The meats wrapped with the film showed significant reduction in bacterial load throughout the experimental period by 84.09%. The colour of the beef also showed significant different between control film and edible film during 5 days test. Beef with control film turned into dark brownish and beef with cinnamic acid turn into light brownish. In conclusion, sodium alginate and pectin film with cinnamic acid showed good biodegradability and antibacterial activity. Further studies can be conducted to investigate the scalability and commercial viability of this environmental-friendly food packaging materials.
... These technologies fit a hierarchy where mechanical and chemical recycling take priority over energy recovery, with landfill disposal being the least desirable alternative (Tian et al., 2023). Emerging technologies such as biodegradation can also be included in the portfolio of recycling options (Dailin et al., 2022). The two case studies demonstrate how it is possible to plan PRNs that can tolerate some degree of contamination in plastic waste streams. ...
Plastic pollution is a serious sustainability issue facing the global community. Fragments of macroplastics and microplastics pollute terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, while nanoplastics can also degrade air quality. The recent COVID-19 pandemic also exacerbated the problem. Large-scale commercial use of plastics recycling technologies is hindered by various socio-economic barriers. In particular, cross-contamination of mixed plastic streams is prevalent due to imperfect waste segregation. The concept of Plastics Recycling Networks is introduced to facilitate planning of reverse supply chains using optimization models. In this work, basic Linear Programming and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming models are developed for matching sources of waste plastic with plastic recycling plants within Plastics Recycling Networks. These models allocate streams while considering the ability of recycling plants to tolerate contaminants. Two illustrative case studies are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the models, and policy implications for mitigation of plastic pollution are discussed. These models enable planning of networks with some tolerance for contaminants in plastic waste, and can be the basis for developing new variants to handle additional real world aspects.
... Scientists are always exploring more effective ways to use biomass materials as composites . It has been a great deal of interest in discovering substitutes for conventional techniques of manufacturing chemicals (Karim et al., 2022) and plastics (Dailin et al., 2022a). To replace petrochemical-based polymers, humanity's reliance on fossil fuels Mohd Shamsuddin et al., 2015), and accomplish a more straightforward end-of-life (Asif et al., 2019). ...
Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide on earth. It has a large number of desirable properties. Its low toxicity makes it more useful for a variety of applications. Nowadays, its composites are used in most engineering fields. Composite consists of a polymer matrix and use as a reinforcing material. By reducing the cost of traditional fibers, it has an increasing demand for environment-friendly purposes. The use of these types of composites is inherent in moisture absorption with hindered natural fibers. This determines the reduction of polymer composite material. By appropriate chemical surface treatment of cellulose composite materials, the effect could be diminished. The most modern and advanced techniques and methods for the preparation of cellulose and polymer composites are discussed here. Cellulosic composites show a reinforcing effect on the polymer matrix as pointed out by mechanical characterization. Researchers tried their hard work to study different ways of converting various agricultural by-products into useful eco-friendly polymer composites for sustainable production. Cellulose plays building blocks, that are critical for polymer products and their engineering applications. The most common method used to prepare composites is in-situ polymerization. This help to increase the yields of cellulosic composites with a significant enhancement in thermal stability and mechanical properties. Recently, cellulose composites used as enhancing the incorporation of inorganic materials in multi-functional properties. Furthermore, we have summarized in this review the potential applications of cellulose composites in different fields like packaging, aerogels, hydrogels, and fibers.
... Scientists are always exploring more effective ways to use biomass materials as composites . It has been a great deal of interest in discovering substitutes for conventional techniques of manufacturing chemicals (Karim et al., 2022) and plastics (Dailin et al., 2022a). To replace petrochemical-based polymers, humanity's reliance on fossil fuels Mohd Shamsuddin et al., 2015), and accomplish a more straightforward end-of-life (Asif et al., 2019). ...
Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide on earth. It has a large number of desirable properties. Its low toxicity makes it more useful for a variety of applications. Nowadays, its composites are used in most engineering fields. Composite consists of a polymer matrix and use as a reinforcing material. By reducing the cost of traditional fibers, it has an increasing demand for environment-friendly purposes. The use of these types of composites is inherent in moisture absorption with hindered natural fibers. This determines the reduction of polymer composite material. By appropriate chemical surface treatment of cellulose composite materials, the effect could be diminished. The most modern and advanced techniques and methods for the preparation of cellulose and polymer composites are discussed here. Cellulosic composites show a reinforcing effect on the polymer matrix as pointed out by mechanical characterization. Researchers tried their hard work to study different ways of converting various agricultural by-products into useful eco-friendly polymer composites for sustainable production. Cellulose plays building blocks, that are critical for polymer products and their engineering applications. The most common method used to prepare composites is in-situ polymerization. This help to increase the yields of cellulosic composites with a significant enhancement in thermal stability and mechanical properties. Recently, cellulose composites used as enhancing the incorporation of inorganic materials in multi-functional properties. Furthermore, we have summarized in this review the potential applications of cellulose composites in different fields like packaging, aerogels, hydrogels, and fibers.
Crude oil pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues today, and the clean-up procedure is perhaps the most difficult. Within one to three weeks, the vast majority of oil bacteria may degrade approximately 60% of the crude oil, leaving approximately 40% intact. The by-product metabolites produced during the breakdown of oil are essentially organic molecules in nature. These metabolites inhibit its enzymes, preventing the oil bacteria from further degrading the oil. By combining a variety of different oils with heterotrophic bacteria in a bioreactor, the rate of crude oil biodegradation was accelerated. In this study, two strains of oil-resistant, heterotrophic bacteria (OG1 and OG2-Erythrobacter citreus) and a bacterium that uses hydrocarbons (AR3-Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes) were used. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to investigate the effectiveness of this consortium of symbiotic bacteria in the biodegradation of crude oil. According to gravimetric and gas chromatography analyses, the consortium bacteria digested 69.6% of the crude oil in the bioreactor, while the AR3 single strain was only able to destroy 61.9% of it. Under the same experimental conditions, consortium bacteria degraded approximately 84550.851 ppb (96.3%) of 16 aliphatic hydrocarbons and 9333.178 ppb (70.5%) of 16 aromatic hydrocarbons in the bioreactor. It may be inferred that the novel consortium of symbiotic bacteria accelerated the biodegradation process and had great potential for use in increasing the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated locations.
Employing aerobic fermentation, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Xanthomonas produce the high molecular weight natural heteropolysaccharide known as xanthan. It has various amounts of O-acetyl and pyruvyl residues together with D-glucosyl, D-mannosyl, and D-glucuronyl acid residues in a molar ratio of 2:2:1. The unique structure of xanthan allowed its various applications in a wide range of industries such as the food industry, pharmacology, cosmetics and enhanced oil recovery primarily in petroleum. The cultivation medium used in the manufacture of this biopolymer is critical. Many attempts have been undertaken to generate xanthan gum from agro-based and food industry wastes since producing xanthan gum from synthetic media is expensive. Optimal composition and processing parameters must also be considered to achieve an economically viable manufacturing process. There have been several attempts to adjust the nutrient content and feeding method, temperature, pH, agitation and the use of antifoam in xanthan fermentations. Various modifications in technological approaches have been applied to enhance its physicochemical properties which showed significant improvement in the area studied. This review describes the biosynthesis production of xanthan with an emphasis on the importance of the upstream processes involving medium, processing parameters, and other factors that significantly contributed to the final application of this precious polysaccharide.
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