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Context 1
... pottery can be grouped into several distinct types: Black-on-Red and Black-on-Buff painted pottery of Hissar I/IIA type ( fig. 3a-d), Caspian Black-on-Red pottery of Shah Tepe III type ( fig. 3e-f), Polished grey ware with distinctive incised, grooved, ribbed, and knobbed decorations ( fig. 3g-h) very well known in the Gorgan plain (e.g. Shah Tepe III/IIb) 11 . There are also a type of plain, coarse pottery with mineral temper and usually with blackened surface, ...
Context 2
... pottery can be grouped into several distinct types: Black-on-Red and Black-on-Buff painted pottery of Hissar I/IIA type ( fig. 3a-d), Caspian Black-on-Red pottery of Shah Tepe III type ( fig. 3e-f), Polished grey ware with distinctive incised, grooved, ribbed, and knobbed decorations ( fig. 3g-h) very well known in the Gorgan plain (e.g. Shah Tepe III/IIb) 11 . There are also a type of plain, coarse pottery with mineral temper and usually with blackened surface, commonly known as "kitchen ware" in the pottery assemblage of ...
Context 3
... pottery can be grouped into several distinct types: Black-on-Red and Black-on-Buff painted pottery of Hissar I/IIA type ( fig. 3a-d), Caspian Black-on-Red pottery of Shah Tepe III type ( fig. 3e-f), Polished grey ware with distinctive incised, grooved, ribbed, and knobbed decorations ( fig. 3g-h) very well known in the Gorgan plain (e.g. Shah Tepe III/IIb) 11 . There are also a type of plain, coarse pottery with mineral temper and usually with blackened surface, commonly known as "kitchen ware" in the pottery assemblage of ...
Context 4
... are also rare examples of black on red painted pottery similar to Namazga III pottery. These are the fragments presented in figure 3g, similar to a fragment from Kara Depe 12 ; figure 3i, similar to fragments from Geoksyur 1 and Chong-depe 13 ; perhaps the fragment in figure 7c, somehow similar to a fragment from Geoksyur 1 14 . It should be remarked anyway that the most typical characters and motifs of the NMZ III pottery, like bichromy, stepped patterns -that were found also in places very far from southern Turkmenia at Shahr-i Sokhta 15 and the Quetta Valley 16 -and stylized animals (leopards, goats and eagles) are conspicuously absent. ...
Context 5
... are also rare examples of black on red painted pottery similar to Namazga III pottery. These are the fragments presented in figure 3g, similar to a fragment from Kara Depe 12 ; figure 3i, similar to fragments from Geoksyur 1 and Chong-depe 13 ; perhaps the fragment in figure 7c, somehow similar to a fragment from Geoksyur 1 14 . It should be remarked anyway that the most typical characters and motifs of the NMZ III pottery, like bichromy, stepped patterns -that were found also in places very far from southern Turkmenia at Shahr-i Sokhta 15 and the Quetta Valley 16 -and stylized animals (leopards, goats and eagles) are conspicuously absent. ...
Context 6
... 1945, p. 186, fig. 354-355. The initial 5×5 m square was then enlarged to 10×10 m to cover a larger area and to fully expose Grave 2 which was partly under the eastern wall of the trench. For a better control of the materials the 10×10 square was divided into 4 areas 5×5 m, keeping the name "Trench 4" with the addition of a letters from A (initial square) to ...
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Citations
... 4.40;Masson, 1959, pl. IX. 3); Tepe Chalow (Vahdati et al., 2019, fig. 16. a, c). ...
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Link to pdf at Elsevier:
https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1e0TM8MrPs8kqM
The people of Iran underwent various cultural adaptations in the early third millennium BCE, including a rise and collapse in cultural complexity. The Caspian Sea region was distinctive in terms of society-environment interactions, and societies had to take measures to be resilient in the face of change. The onset of new forms of social organization from Gīlān to Mazandaran or from the central plateau to the Gorgan plain could look very different during the Bronze and Iron Ages, especially in terms of resource extraction and transformations in prehistoric societies. In Mazandaran, such social transformation began during the late fourth millennium BCE and continued during the Bronze and Iron Ages. In this paper, we evaluate long-term resilience and adaptability from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in Mazandaran and examine how the societies of the south-central Caspian Sea changed through time and space.
During excavations of the settlement‐site Ilgynly‐Depe in Southeastern Turkmenistan, for the first time, since investigations began in 1986, the remains of tiger were found. Two bones of this large predator were found in layers dated to the beginning of the third millennium BC. Among the bones that were found are the proximal part of third hind metapodium and second hind phalanx, possibly from the third digit of the hind leg. Characteristic cuts from skinning of an animal are on the second phalanx. This is the first evidence of hunting of large felid predators in the Chalcolithic time in South Turkmenistan.
The trilingual, highly illustrated book comprises a Persian text with two long summaries in French and English. Designed for a wide readership interested in archaeology and its various disciplines, it offers an archaeozoological reading of the Iranian Prehistory and Antiquity. The book is divided into 4 chapters: 1- The importance of biological remains in archaeological research, 2- Conservation and documentation of human and animal osteological collections at the National Museum of Iran, and 3- Bioarchaeological studies of the Iranian Plateau. The latter presents six case studies of osteological assemblages from the Palaeolithic to the modern period, addressing major themes such as the evolution of biodiversity, the domestication of herbivores, the diachronic evolution of subsistence economies on the Iranian Plateau, and the role of animals in trans-regional contacts during antiquity. The final chapter brings together the authors' reflections and prospects for future bioarchaeological research in Iran.
Donkeys transformed human history as essential beasts of burden for long-distance movement, especially across semi-arid and upland environments. They remain insufficiently studied despite globally expanding and providing key support to low- to middle-income communities. To elucidate their domestication history, we constructed a comprehensive genome panel of 207 modern and 31 ancient donkeys, as well as 15 wild equids. We found a strong phylogeographic structure in modern donkeys that supports a single domestication in Africa ~5000 BCE, followed by further expansions in this continent and Eurasia and ultimately returning to Africa. We uncover a previously unknown genetic lineage in the Levant ~200 BCE, which contributed increasing ancestry toward Asia. Donkey management involved inbreeding and the production of giant bloodlines at a time when mules were essential to the Roman economy and military.
