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Different parameters (values) of correlation coefficient between soil respiration rate that is, CO2 efflux with biotic and abiotic variables at forest and plantation sites.
Source publication
Temporal changes in soil CO 2 efflux rates were measured in a subtropical natural mixed oak forest and managed oak plantation in the northeastern Himalayan region. Soil CO 2 efflux rates in two ecosystems were correlated with key soil biotic (e.g. fungal, bacterial and actinomycetes populations) and abiotic (e.g. soil moisture, temperature, pH and...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... < 0.01) and actinomycetes (r = 0.69-0.76, p < 0.05) populations in forest and plantation sites ( Table 2). At forest, soil CO 2 efflux rates were significantly positively correlated with soil pH (r = 0.61-0.73, ...
Context 2
... plantation site, the rate of soil CO 2 efflux was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture (r = 0.59, p < 0.05), soil temperature (r = 0.73, p < 0.01) and soil pH (r = 0.73, p < 0.01) ( Figure 6). Soil CO 2 efflux rates at these sites was not significantly correlated with soil organic carbon (Table 2). ...
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Citations
... Similar observations were also found in boreal forest (Kelsey et al. 2012). Other studies from subtropical region also reported relationship with soil moisture (Pandey et al. 2010). This may be explained as different vegetation type that showed significant changes in the rate of CO 2 efflux in terms of spatial and temporal pattern (Han et al. 2014). ...
The influencing factors on the carbon dynamics of low latitude regions remain unclear in the global carbon budgets. Studies on the carbon budget of sacred groves of north east India as well as influencing factors on rate of carbon dioxide efflux are scanty. This study explores the spatial and temporal seasonality trend in the rate of soil CO2 efflux in relation to biotic and abiotic factors in subtropical sacred groves of Manipur. An automatic chamber system was used in measurement process in six selected sacred groves over two consecutive years. In the present study, soil CO2 efflux rates showed a positive exponential correlation with soil temperature, soil moisture and root biomass, having greater sensitivity to soil temperature. The rate of soil CO2 efflux showed strong positive correlation to seasonal soil organic carbon content indicating greater role in mineralization with higher carbon dioxide emission. Litter biomass showed negative correlation with soil CO2 efflux depicts trade-off carbon budget. This indicates the sensibility of soil CO2 efflux with soil temperature surpassing the influence of soil moisture and other biotic factors. It suggests that the persisting carbon sink will be weakening with the increase in temperature, giving the feedback mechanism regarding carbon cycle under global warming scenario in the subtropical region.
... Over past decades, the thought process has been shifted to inquiries of their functional relevance in a broader ecological context from basic mycorrhizal biology. The role of mycorrhiza in soil health is also contributed by its role towards the efflux of carbon-dioxide (CO2) in soil respiration (Pandey et al. 2010). The total global soil carbon pool is around three times the carbon present in the atmospheric pool and 4.5 times of the biotic pool (Gruber et al. 2004). ...
The constancy and productivity of agroecosystems and natural ecosystems depend solely on soil quality. Role of soil microflora in crop productivity is an integral part of the soil ecosystem with a major role played by mycorrhiza. A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular host plant. Mycorrhizal fungi play a major role in the functioning of the microbial food web in the rhizosphere, drawing down plant sugars derived from photosynthesis and providing much-needed energy for the soil ecosystem. It also improves aggregate stability through hyphae networking, enhances soil structure by producing biological glue called glomalin, builds stable soil carbon, improves plant water use efficiency and increases the efficiency of utilization of important nutrients like phosphorus, sulphur, and nitrogen. It can be said soil quality and mycorrhizal fungi are complementary. In this book chapter, we represent a systematic review of the role of mycorrhiza in soil genesis using scientometric approach. The exponential growth of the literature on public domains provides the opportunity to perform the meta-analysis to find meaningful information. The traditional way of reviewing published reports have become obsolete whereas open source tools such as R has open new ways to access them in a robust and efficient way. The meta-data for the publications on Mycorrhiza related to the improvement of soil was collected from the Web of Science (WoS) and scientrometric analysis was performed. The main aim was to obtain the topical classification and find the key publications, findings, issues, etc. This piece of work will lead the scientific community, especially the naive researchers about the past and present scenario of developments done regarding the role of Mycorrhiza in soil genesis.
... Remarkable decrement in ecosystem respiration was observed from the beginning of the monsoon season (June) to August 2016 which was perhaps caused by water stagnation in the site, resulting in decreased respiration rates from the soil (autotrophic and heterotrophic) and other herbaceous plants accompanied by reduced root respiration. Similar observation of reduction of CO 2 efflux from soil during the wet period was reported 21 from an oak plantation ecosystem in northeastern Himalayan region. Ecosystem respiration started to increase from September as a result of withdrawal of stagnated water and due to decomposition of leaf litter in soil 18 as evident from the decrease in LAI in September 10 . ...
We have estimated in this study the annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of Kaziranga National Park by using real-time eddy covariance data. We partitioned the net CO 2 flux into gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration (R e) using standardized method. Estimated annual NEP of the ecosystem 92.93 ± 1.7 g C m-2 year-1 indicated that the forest is a moderate sink of CO 2 and is reported for the first time from a forest of Northeast India.
... The count of moulds was very low during the plants' florescence. Pandey et al. [49] proved that when the conditions were favourable for the development of bacteria and Actinobacteria, the development of moulds was strongly inhibited. These findings were also confirmed in a study by Borowiak at al. [7], who explained that the low count of moulds at specific phases of plant development was caused by the competition of other groups of microorganisms. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of PRP SOL and PRP EBV fertilisers and co-inoculation (simultaneous inoculation of plants with bacteria of the Rhizobium genus and endophytic Bacillus subtilis bacteria) on nitrogenase activity, the dynamics of growth of selected soil microorganisms, variation in soil biochemical properties, and soil fertility index in a yellow lupine plantation. There were 12 variants of the field experiment: 1) the control variant of uninoculated yellow lupine, 2) seeds inoculated with the Bacillus subtilis strain, 3) seeds inoculated with nitragin, 4) PRP SOL fertiliser, 5) PRP EBV fertiliser, 6) PRP SOL + PRP EBV, 7) PRP SOL fertiliser + Bacillus subtilis inoculation, 8) PRP SOL fertiliser + nitragin, 9) PRP SOL fertiliser + Bacillus subtilis + nitragin, 10) PRP EBV fertiliser + Bacillus subtilis, 11) PRP EBV fertiliser + Bacillus subtilis + nitragin, and 12) PRP SOL + PRP EBV + Bacillus subtilis + nitragin. Soil samples for microbiological and biochemical analyses were collected at 3 terms: during the emergence of plants, at the beginning of their florescence, and after harvesting. The count of selected groups of soil microorganisms (total bacterial count, moulds, Actinobacteria, copiotrophic and oligotrophic microorganisms) was measured with the serial dilution method developed by Koch. The analysis of soil enzymatic activity such as dehydrogenases and phosphatases in different variants was based on the colorimetric method, and catalase activity was measured with the manometric method. The two-year field experiment was conducted in 2014 and 2015. It showed that PRP SOL and PRP EBV fertilisers and co-inoculation applied to the yellow lupine plantation stimulated nitrogenase activity, the dynamics of growth of selected groups of soil microorganisms, variation in biochemical activity, and soil fertility index.
... Similar results were also conveyed by Devi and Gupta (2015); Devi and Singh (2016) and Devi and Yadav (2009) from subtropical forest types of Senapati district, Manipur. Pandey et al., (2010) have reported CO 2 values for 102-320 mg CO 2 m -2 hr -1 for natural forest which was lower than our UOF and DOF and 99-543 mg CO 2 m -2 hr -1 for plantation forest which is greater than the values verified in our PPF and OPF. The peak respiration rate of CO 2 flux in present study is lesser as compared with the value 642.3 mg CO 2 m -2 hr -1 (August) to 232.4 mg CO 2 m -2 hr -1 (November) obtained by Mo et al., (2005) in cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan. ...
The present study was carried out to study the seasonal variation of soil CO 2 flux and Q 10 values for natural and human impacted ecosystem of Senapati district of Manipur. The natural Undisturbed mixed Oak Forest (UOF) which was dominated by Quercus serrata and co-dominated by Lyonia ovalifolia, Disturbed mixed oak forest (DOF) dominated by Quercusserrata and co-dominated by Quercusgriffithii, Pinuskesiya Plantation Forest (PPF) and Orchard Plantation Forest (OPF) dominated by Mangifera indica and co-dominated by Prunus domestica with their corresponding GPS coordinates located between 25° 12.067' N to 25° 12.145' N and 93° 59.915'E to 94°02.296' E and at the elevation of 1146-1254 m msl. Soil temperature ranged from 12.87 ! to 23.78 C and soil moisture 29.09 % to 43.39%. Soil temperature is the most important factor controlling the soil respiration followed by soil moisture content. The highest-within the site variability of soil CO 2 flux was obtained in the rainy season (August) and low respiration rate was computed in the winter (Jan, Feb) in all the land uses systems. An exponential equation best described the relationships between soil CO 2 flux and soil temperature (r 2 between 0.82 to 0.96) and between soils CO 2 flux and soil moisture (r 2 between 0.44 to 0.67). In the present study the Q 10 values varied from 1.82 to 1.91. The Q 10 values are in the order of DOF>OPF>UOF>PPF. The higher Q 10 value in the DOF and OPF indicates that it might release more CO 2 than the UOF and PPF. PPF and UOF show least temperature sensitivity under the present scenario of climate change and global warming suggesting the intact form of land use types. Careful analysis of these Q 10 values may advance our understanding on the different environmental controls of Q 10 of soil respiration and also improve our ability to predict the releasing potential of soil CO 2 emission by different land use systems in present climate changing scenario.
... One end of the pipe was sealed, and the free end of the pipe was inserted to a depth of 2 cm in the soil to make it airtight. Before insertion, a 50-mL beaker containing 40 mL NaOH was placed on a tripod inside the pipes (Pandey et al. 2010). After 24 h, the amount of CO 2 absorbed by the residual alkali was measured by titration against 0.25 M HCl, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. ...
In the present study we investigated the production and decomposition of leaves, branches and roots in two moist regenerating tropical forests (5 and 15 years old; RF-5 and RF-15 respectively) and a natural forest (NF) in north-east India. Total litter input increased during vegetation succession (759, 1089 and 1284 g m-2 year-1 in RF-5, RF-15 and NF respectively), whereas the contribution of soft litter decreased sharply. Decomposition over 450 days indicated significant seasonal (P < 0.001) patterns in mass loss of litter components, with greater rates during the wet period. Soil CO 2 efflux was strongly seasonal. C stock loss followed patterns similar to those of mass loss, whereas N increased initially, followed by its gradual release. Rainfall explained 74-90% of the variability in mass loss rates. Concentrations of cellulose and N were significantly positively correlated with mass loss at an early stage of decomposition (r = 0.54-0.65, P < 0.05), whereas lignin: N and C: N ratios were negatively correlated with mass loss at later stages. Regenerating forests adapted ecosystem-level strategies that induced early leaf fall to reduce soil water loss, increase organic matter return to the soil and conserve N through immobilisation during the process of decomposition to speed up vegetation succession in the regenerating forest.
... So far, research has focused on the temperate and boreal areas of the Northern Hemisphere whereas remote forested areas are still largely uninvestigated (Bond-Lamberty and Thomson, 2010). The Hindu Kush Himalaya range represents a region where research on forest biogeochemistry is gaining momentum (Pandey et al., 2010; Sundarapandian and Dar, 2013; Sharma et al., 2010b; Dorji et al., 2014b; Ohsawa, 1991; Wangda and Ohsawa, 2006a; Tashi et al., 2016; Verma et al., 2012). It extends over 4.3 million km 2 across eight countries with an average forest cover of approximately 20 % (Schild, 2008), ranging from lowland tropical forest to high-altitude forests of up to ∼ 4900 m (Liang et al., 2016; Schickhoff, 2005). ...
The biogeochemistry of mountain forests in the Hindu Kush Himalaya range is poorly studied, although climate change is expected to disproportionally affect the region. We measured the soil CO2 efflux (Rs) at a high-elevation (3260 m) mixed forest and a lower-elevation (2460 m) broadleaf forest in Bhutan, eastern Himalayas, during 2015. Trenching was applied to estimate the contribution of autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic (Rh) soil respiration. The temperature (Q10) and the moisture sensitivities of Rh were determined under controlled laboratory conditions and were used to model Rh in the field. The higher-elevation mixed forest had a higher standing tree stock, reflected in higher soil C stocks and basal soil respiration. Annual Rs was similar between the two forest sites (14.5 ± 1.2 t C ha⁻¹ for broadleaf; 12.8 ± 1.0 t C ha⁻¹ for mixed). Modelled annual contribution of Rh was ∼ 65 % of Rs at both sites with a higher heterotrophic contribution during winter and lower contribution during the monsoon season. Rh, estimated from trenching, was in the range of modelled Rh but showed higher temporal variability. The measured temperature sensitivity of Rh was similar at the mixed and broadleaf forest sites (Q10 2.2–2.3) under intermediate soil moisture but decreased (Q10 1.5 at both sites) in dry soil. Rs closely followed the annual course of field soil temperature at both sites. Covariation between soil temperature and moisture (cold dry winters and warm wet summers) was likely the main cause for this close relationship. Under the prevailing weather conditions, a simple temperature-driven model was able to explain more than 90 % of the temporal variation in Rs. A longer time series and/or experimental climate manipulations are required to understand the effects of eventually occurring climate extremes such as monsoon failures.
... We also found pH was positively correlated with soil CO 2 emission. Soil pH may have a positive influence on soil CO 2 emission because of the effect on microbial activity (Pandey et al. 2010). Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil CO 2 emission. ...
Key message
Mixed tree plantations are potential silvicultural systems to increase soil carbon storage through altering litter and root inputs and soil physiochemical properties.
Abstract
Afforestation and reforestation are major strategies for global climate change mitigation. Different tree species composition can induce diverse changes in soil CO2 emission and soil carbon sequestration in tree plantation. This study employed three plantations of monoculture and mixed Pinus yunnanensis and Eucalyptus globulus to estimate the effect of tree species composition on soil CO2 emission and soil organic carbon storage in subtropical China. We found that tree species composition had a significant effect on the soil CO2 emission and soil organic carbon storage. Soil CO2 emission was lower in the mixed plantation than in the P. yunnanensis plantation, whereas it was higher than in the E. globulus plantation. Differences in soil CO2 emission among the three plantations were determined by leaf litterfall mass, fine root biomass, soil available nitrogen, pH, soil bulk density, and soil C:N ratio. Soil organic carbon storage was 34.5 and 23.2 % higher in the mixed plantation than in the P. yunnanensis and E. globulus plantations, respectively. Higher soil organic carbon stock in the mixed plantation was attributed to lower C/N ratio of leaf litter and soil, greater fine root biomass and soil organic carbon content, and lower soil CO2 emission. We conclude that mixed tree plantation can enhance soil carbon sequestration, but can decrease or increase soil CO2 emission through altering litter and root inputs and soil physiochemical properties.
... The area under SC is 3·36% (8,770 km 2 ) of GA of NEHR. Plantation and horticulture (PH) occupy 3% of the GA, while 10·3% of the GA is under grasslands (GLs) including fallows (NRSC, 2011). ...
In the fragile hilly ecosystem of Northeastern Himalayan Region (NEHR) of India, interaction of landuse change and soil organic carbon (SOC) holds significance in sustaining land productivity. However, due to limited data, effect of landuse on SOC inventory at regional level is poorly quantified. Present study assessed the influence of seven major landuses and agro-physical variables (soil texture, bulk density, annual rainfall and mean temperature) on SOC concentration and stock across altitudinal gradients (6-3500 masl) of NEHR of India. Results revealed that non-agricultural landuses (grasslands and forests) registered significantly higher SOC concentration (2.20 to 2.51%) and stock (35.2-42.1 Mg ha-1) compared to agricultural (shifting and settled-up & lowland), plantation and horticultural landuses (SOC: 1.44 to 1.63%; stock: 27.4-28.4 Mg ha-1). Principal component analysis exhibited that the variation in SOC concentration among the landuse were mostly contributed by finer fractions of soil separates (silt & clay contents) and altitudinal gradient led variation in climatic variables (rainfall & temperature). Trend analyses depicted that SOC increased with increase in rainfall and clay content but decreased with mean temperature and soil bulk density. Along the altitudinal gradient (6 to1000 masl), an inconsistent increase in silt + clay, annual rainfall, SOC concentrations and stocks were also observed. However, beyond 1000 masl, the corresponding increase was linear. The wide variability in SOC concentration and stock were, therefore resulted in from the interaction of land uses, altitudinal gradients, textural gradients and climatic variables. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... There, however, still appear 'white spots' on the global biogeochemical research map. The Hindu Kush-Himalaya range, represents such an understudied region, where research on forest biogeochemistry is just gaining momentum(Ohsawa 1991, Pandey et al. 2010, Verma et al. 2012, Sundarapandian and Dar 2013, Tashi et al. 2016). The Hindu Kush-Himalayan range extends over 4.3 million km 2 across eight countries with an average forest cover of approximately 20 %(Schild 2008), ranging from lowland tropical forest to high altitudinal subalpine forests up to ~ 4900 m(Schickhoff 2005, Liang et al. 2016. ...
The Himalayas are predicted to experience more than three times the mean global rise in temperature, as well as erratic rainfall patterns and an increased likelihood for total monsoon failures. While many ecosystem manipulation experiments aiming at understanding the effects of altered precipitation, temperature and CO2 are conducted globally, such experiments are rare in Asia and missing particularly in the Himalayas. Thus, to fill this gap, we simulated late onset of the monsoon precipitation as well as total monsoon failures in a multi-year drought stress experiment in Bhutan. With these experiments, we hope to understand how altered monsoon precipitation alters ecosystem productivity, dynamics and ecosystem C fluxes. Our main objective is to characterize the ecosystem responses to drought in cool-temperate conifer and broadleaved forests along an altitudinal gradient in the Bhutan Himalayas. For this study we applied two treatments, (1) 100 % throughfall exclusion and (2) ambient control plots, were two 725 m2 plots (25m × 29 m), each with two replicates, in a Hemlock (Tsuga dumosa) dominated and Oak (Quercus lanata and Quercus griffithii) dominated ecosystem at 3260 and 2460 m altitude, respectively. Roof application reduced the volumetric soil water content in the upper 0- 20 cm soil layer by ~ 20 % in coniferous and by ~ 31% in broadleaved forest and the deeper soil layers were less affected. Soil CO2 efflux was similar between the two forests (2015: 14.5 ± 1.2 t C yr-1 broadleaved; 12.8 ± 1.0 t C yr-1 coniferous). Annual contribution of autotrophic respiration was ~ 45 % at both forests with a low autotrophic contribution during winter and high contribution during the monsoon season. Further results on plant water potentials and sap flux suggest that Oaks are better adapted to drought as the conifer species. Particularly evergreen Oaks seem to possess more effective drought tolerance mechanisms compared to T. dumosa and R. arboreum. The results provide insights into impacts of climate change on future forest development and suggests management practices for the Bhutan Himalayas, as the drought tolerant and water saving strategies of the oaks may be a selective advantage over the conifer species. Besides, we could also demonstrate that large scale throughfall exclusion experiments can be successfully conducted even in a remote Bhutan Himalayan setting. The experiences gathered could be utilized for future long term ecological monitoring studies in the Himalayan region.
