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Source publication
Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens are one of the main factors contributing to severe economic losses due to reductions in yield and the quality of crops. Studying the fungal genes related to pathogenicity to reveal their infection mechanism through genome editing can play an important role in the management of these diseases. The clustered...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... accepts very frequently occurring NGG sequences as the PAM sequence, and thus a wide range of genes can be targeted by this enzyme. The nucleotide arrangement of the PAM sequence can vary depending on the origin of the Cas protein (Table 1) (Sander & Joung 2014). The presence of both RuvC and HNH domains in the Cas9 is very important, as both domains are required to induce a DSB ( Chen et al. 2014). ...Context 2
... only NGG as the single acceptable PAM sequence might lead to off-target mutations in instances where the target sequence has high homology elsewhere in the genome ( Lin et al. 2014). This can be overcome by using novel S. pyogenes Cas9 variants with different PAM sequences or by using Cas9 homologs derived from species other than S. pyogenes (Table 1). Adapting Cpf1 (Cas12a) instead of Cas9 can also help in avoiding off-target mutations as the PAM sequence for Cas12a (TTTV) can avoid Cas9 PAM, if it frequently occurs throughout the target genome (Ungerer & Pakrasi 2016). ...Citations
... In rice, mutating the fungal genes ALB1and RSY1 with CRISPR/Cas9 was used to control the spread of rice blast, while knocking out USTA and UvSLT2 has improved was used to prevent smut disease. 61 While targeting viral genome mediated by CRISPR-Cas system was implemented to control geminivirus by disrupting viral replication, including Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and Wheat Dwarf Virus (WDV) infection in tomato and barely targeting viral genome region directly (MP, CP, Rep, IR). 62,63 ...
Promoting sustainable agriculture and improving nutrition are the main United Nation’s sustainable development goals by 2030. New technologies are required to achieve zero hunger, and genome editing technology is the most promising one. In the last decade, genome editing (GE) using the CRISPR/Cas system has attracted researchers as a safer and easy tool for genome editing in several living organisms. GE has revolutionized the field of agriculture by improving biotic and abiotic stresses and yield improvement. GE technologies were developed fast lately to avoid the obstacles that face GM crops. GE technology, depending on site directed nuclease (SDN), is divided into three categories according to the modification methods. Developing transgenic-free edited plants without introducing foreign DNA meet the acceptance and regulatory ratification of several countries. There are several ongoing efforts from different countries that are rapidly expanding to adopt the current technological innovations. This review summarizes the different GE technologies and their application as a way to help in ending hunger.
