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Different mobility scenarios. Handing off from WWAN to WLAN in scenario B is usually recommended. Handing off from WWAN to WLAN in scenario A is discouraged.
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Major research challenges in the next generation (4G) of wireless networks include the provisioning of worldwide seamless mobility across heterogeneous wireless networks, the improvement of end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) and enabling users to specify their personal preferences. Under this motivation, we design a novel cross-layer architecture...
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Context 1
... other words, adapting to the user's current position or environment will make the MH more intelligent and will yield better results and this is precisely what HNE aims for. HNE's objective is to avoid handoffs in scenarios similar to A in Figure 2. HNE achieves its objective by communicating with the transport layer and only adding relevant networks to the multi-homing network list. ...
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Citations
... It is suggested to apply a cost function method on which normalized and weight distributions approaches being offered [14]. However, some criteria such as security is hard to be estimated [14]. ...
... It is suggested to apply a cost function method on which normalized and weight distributions approaches being offered [14]. However, some criteria such as security is hard to be estimated [14]. A previous study shows weight function based VHO decision method, which is used to delegate the VHO calculation for visiting wireless networks instead of mobile user nodes [15]. ...
... The user satisfaction has been identified by changing the approach [14], adding additional criteria and weights. The user satisfaction equation is shown below: Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 illustrate the user satisfaction rate which were generated by adopting the vertical handover network selection (VHONS) and also selecting the network numbered one, two and three consistently. ...
... Such context is based on the definition of an entity for a scenario [7], identity, location, time, and environment [8]. • Algorithms based on cost function: This approach can be applied in two ways, which are 1) user-related cost function, and 2) network-related cost function [9], [10]. The parameters applied for user-related cost function are power consumption, security, and monetary cost [11], [12]. ...
The transfer of massive data between varied network positions links of network relies on data rate, as well as the traffic capacity of the network. Conventionally, a device that is mobile can be used to attain vertical handover functional by weighing in only an aspect, which refers to Received Signal Strength (RSS). The application of this particular criterion could lead to interruption in services, ineffective vertical handover, and a network load that is not balanced. Hence, this paper proposes an improvised vertical handover decision algorithm by integrating multi-criteria within a wireless network that is heterogeneous. The proposed algorithm comprised of three vertical handover decision algorithms, namely: mobile weight, network weight, and equal weight. Additionally, three technology interfaces were embedded in this study including Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and Long-Term Evolution (LTE). As a result, the simulation outcomes demonstrated that the handover decision algorithm for network weight generated exceptional outputs, in comparison to mobile and equal weights, as well as the conventional network decision algorithm from the aspects of handover failure and handover number probabilities.
... Hasswa et al. VHD heuristic algorithm[18] Thefigure 3shows the traditional algorithm for vertical handoff decision. ...
Over the past few years, rapid advance in wireless broadband networks have been driving the evolution of communication and network technologies towards next generation omnipresent computing environments. Now days, a number of wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi, LTE(Long Term Evolution), WiMAX are available and major issue is to maintain the quality of service (QoS) in heterogeneous wireless network where heterogeneity is defined in terms of WiMAX and Wi-Fi Networks. A mobile user required always best connected services anytime and anywhere. Due to increase in number of user on particular network, load is increased on a network. Due to high load handover is required but in many situations unnecessary handoff and handoff failure is initiated, which lags the performance of a network. To overcome this problem we have used RSS and load balancing attribute for vertical handover decision method to improve the performance in 4G heterogeneous networks.
... Cost function-based algorithms: This method can be approached in two ways: network-related cost function and user-related cost function [9,10]. Variables involved in the user-related cost function are security, monetary cost and power consumption [11,12]. ...
... Eshanta et al. [3] Low complexity Reduced reliability Yan et al. [4] Mohanty et al. [5] Context-aware-based algorithms Zekri et al. [1] High throughput Long handover delay Maaloul et al. [7] Ahmed et al. [8] Cost function-based algorithms Ong and Khan. [9] High user satisfaction Very complex Tawil et al. [11] Hasswa et al. [12] Fuzzy logic-based algorithms Xia et al. [13] High reliability Very complex Nasser et al. [14] Pahlavan et al. [15] Multiple criteria-based algorithms Alsalem et al. [16] Low handover failure No support of the fuzzy decision Ismail et al. [17] Ismail et al. [18] ...
Transferring a huge amount of data between different network locations over the network links depends on the network’s traffic capacity and data rate. Traditionally, a mobile device may be moved to achieve the operations of vertical handover, considering only one criterion, that is the Received Signal Strength (RSS). The use of a single criterion may cause service interruption, an unbalanced network load and an inefficient vertical handover. In this paper, we propose an enhanced vertical handover decision algorithm based on multiple criteria in the heterogeneous wireless network. The algorithm consists of three technology interfaces: Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). It also employs three types of vertical handover decision algorithms: equal priority, mobile priority and network priority. The simulation results illustrate that the three types of decision algorithms outperform the traditional network decision algorithm in terms of handover number probability and the handover failure probability. In addition, it is noticed that the network priority handover decision algorithm produces better results compared to the equal priority and the mobile priority handover decision algorithm. Finally, the simulation results are validated by the analytical model.
... Cost function based algorithms: This method can be approached in two ways -36 network-related cost function and user-related cost function [9,10]. Variables involved 37 in user-related cost function are security, monetary cost and power 38 consumption [11,12]. ...
Transferring a huge amount of data between different network locations over the network links depends on the heterogeneous wireless network. Such a network consists of several networks with different access technologies. Traditionally, a mobile device may be moved to achieve the operations of vertical handover, considering only one criterion, that is, the received signal strength (RSS). The use of a single criterion may cause service interruption, an unbalanced network load, and an inefficient vertical handover. In this paper, we propose enhanced vertical handover decision algorithm based on multiple criteria in the heterogeneous wireless network. The algorithm consists of three technology interfaces: Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). It also employs three types of the vertical handover decision algorithms: equal priority, mobile priority, and network priority. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed handover decision algorithm outperforms the traditional network decision algorithm in terms of handover number probability and the handover failure probability. In addition, it is noticed that the network priority handover decision algorithm produces better results compared to equal priority and mobile priority handover decision algorithm. Finally, the simulation results are validated by the analytical model.
... Cost function based algorithms: This method can be approached in two ways -36 network-related cost function and user-related cost function [9,10]. Variables involved 37 in user-related cost function are security, monetary cost and power 38 consumption [11,12]. ...
Transferring a huge amount of data between different network locations over the network links depends on the heterogeneous wireless network. Such a network consists of several networks with different access technologies. Traditionally, a mobile device may be moved to achieve the operations of vertical handover, considering only one criterion, that is, the received signal strength (RSS). The use of a single criterion may cause service interruption, an unbalanced network load, and an inefficient vertical handover. In this paper, we propose enhanced vertical handover decision algorithm based on multiple criteria in the heterogeneous wireless network. The algorithm consists of three technology interfaces: Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). It also employs three types of the vertical handover decision algorithms: equal priority, mobile priority, and network priority. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed handover decision algorithm outperforms the traditional network decision algorithm in terms of handover number probability and the handover failure probability. In addition, it is noticed that the network priority handover decision algorithm produces better results compared to equal priority and mobile priority handover decision algorithm. Finally, the simulation results are validated by the analytical model.
... It also introduced the entropy method for the weights calculation. The cost function based method for the handoff decision in next generation heterogeneous wireless networks is used in [22]. The cost function based method is dependent on many attributes such as the available data rate, security, power consumption, network performance in terms of the interference or potentially unstable network connections and cost of service. ...
... The prior works in [22,27,28] show the applicability of different MADM methods for the vertical handoff decision in heterogeneous networks where the weight computation based on user preferences is not considered. Although efforts have been undertaken for the spectrum handoff decision in CR networks, the prior works do not consider the weight computation according to user preferences for triple play services and the spectrum handoff decision for optimal network selection in the presence of multiple attributes. ...
... The cost function based method [22] uses a cost function to select the optimal network out of the available networks in CR networks. The advantage of this method is that multiple attributes are used directly for estimation of the cost of networks. ...
It is envisaged that in future Cognitive Radio (CR) networks deployment, the multiple radio access networks may coexist. The networks may have different characteristics in terms of multiple attributes. CR will have choices to select the optimal network out of the available networks. The optimal network selection is a challenging task which can be done by spectrum handoff with Multiple Attributes Decision Making (MADM). The spectrum handoff decision with MADM provides wider and optimum choice with quality of service. This motivates to develop the spectrum handoff scheme with MADM methods such as simple additive weighting, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, grey relational analysis and cost function based method, which is the objective of this paper. The CR preferences are based on voice, video and data services, called triple play services. The numerical results show that all MADM methods are effective for selecting the optimal network for spectrum handoff with reduced complexity in spectrum handoff decision. The paper shows that the proposed spectrum handoff scheme can be effectively implemented to select optimal network according to triple play services in CR networks.
... The works in [28,29] and [30] can be used to perform VHO between any two networks which offer increased user satisfaction, high throughput and low handover blocking rate respectively. A cost function is introduced and individual applications are handed over to different network with minimum cost. ...
In the past few years, the deployment of WLAN proliferated throughout the world due to easy installation, low cost and higher bandwidth. The latest IEEE 802.11 standard (802.11n) offers the maximum data rate of about 600 Mbps which makes it an accepted benchmark for deploying WLANs. One of the disadvantages in WLAN is its small coverage which is not suitable for mobiles with high velocity. The alternate network technology for WLAN with almost equal bandwidth and QoS support with wider coverage area is WiMAX, which is one of the rapidly growing technologies across the world. Hence, the integration of WiMAX and WLAN is considered to be a sound approach in 4G. In this paper, we present handoff and integration related issues in WiMAX/WLAN overlay networks, numerical methods for calculating network conditions of both WiMAX and WLAN networks and impact on 802.11n clients by legacy 802.11a/b/g clients. Also, we propose QoS based proactive handoff algorithms for WiMAX/WLAN overlay networks which performs both vertical and horizontal handoffs based on the network condition, acceptable packet delay, required bandwidth and client type. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed handoff algorithm enhances the QoS significantly.
... Various strategies have been developed to compare the RSS of the current point of attachment with another candidate point of attachment [7]. (Figure 7) c) Cost function based algorithms: This class of algorithms combine metrics such as roaming cost, security, bandwidth and power consumption in a cost function, and the handover decision is made by comparing the result of this function for the candidate networks [11] [12]. Different weights are assigned to different input metrics depending on the network conditions and user preferences. ...
Nowadays the development of heterogeneous
network becomes a paramount necessity; current computing and
communication devices are omnipresent and operate in a
heterogeneous environment. The users have the privilege to stay
connected to the Internet by using mobile terminals equipped
with multiple networking interfaces. Thus, the users have the
ability to use the services of their choice at anytime and
anywhere. These processes of switching between different
wireless technologies (Wireless LAN, WiMax, Cellular, UMTS,
and LTE etc.) are referred to as Vertical Handovers/Handoffs.
... Various strategies have been developed to compare the RSS of the current point of attachment with another candidate point of attachment [7]. (Figure 7) c) Cost function based algorithms: This class of algorithms combine metrics such as roaming cost, security, bandwidth and power consumption in a cost function, and the handover decision is made by comparing the result of this function for the candidate networks [11] [12]. Different weights are assigned to different input metrics depending on the network conditions and user preferences. ...
Nowadays the development of heterogeneous network becomes a paramount necessity; current computing and communication devices are omnipresent and operate in a heterogeneous environment. The users have the privilege to stay connected to the Internet by using mobile terminals equipped with multiple networking interfaces. Thus, the users have the ability to use the services of their choice at anytime and anywhere. These processes of switching between different wireless technologies (Wireless LAN, WiMax, Cellular, UMTS, and LTE etc.) are referred to as Vertical Handovers/Handoffs. The main objective of this contribution is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning the basics of the handover, its classifications, its desirable characteristics and the analysis of Vertical Handover decision (VHD) algorithms.
