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Magnetic nanocomposites are multi-component, nanosized magnetic materials, to generate the response to an external stimulus (i.e., outer inert or alternative magnetic field). The novel nanocomposites is a combination of excess of various materials such as liquid crystals, silica, gels, renewable polymers, carbon along with different magnetic partic...
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... of classical products with controlled properties is among the latest advances in the material science. Mainly consideration is given to the synthesis of consistent size and shape of the particles. This can be attained by homogenous solution precipitation under controlled conditions such as. sulfur sols, gold colloids, hydrous oxides and metal oxides [40][41][42][43][44]. Synthesis methods are classified according to solution, size selection principle, phases and matrix to produce uniform nano-particles. The various methods of the formation of nano-particles has been given in Figure ...
Context 2
... of classical products with controlled properties is among the latest advances in the material science. Mainly consideration is given to the synthesis of consistent size and shape of the particles. This can be attained by homogenous solution precipitation under controlled conditions such as. sulfur sols, gold colloids, hydrous oxides and metal oxides [40][41][42][43][44]. Synthesis methods are classified according to solution, size selection principle, phases and matrix to produce uniform nano-particles. The various methods of the formation of nano-particles has been given in Figure ...
Citations
... The suitable phase distribution and magnetic properties, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to scale up are the challenges ahead in the preparation of magnetic nanocomposites [8][9][10][11]. A wide variety of methods, including mechanical mixing [12], solvothermal [13], hydrothermal [14], and co-precipitation [15], are used to prepare magnetic nanocomposites. Among these preparation methods, the mechanical mixing and hydrothermal method are the facile, inexpensive methods that are used widely for magnetic nanocomposites preparation [12,16]. ...
... Several advantages regarding the use of nanocomposites are described in the literature. These materials have improved properties compared to conventional systems due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles that have a high specific surface area, which contributes to the bonding and entanglement of these nanoparticles in the respective matrices [44]. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites usually show better values of specific strength, stiffness, and toughness than conventional systems [45]. ...
Several oil spills in aquatic environments have been reported over the last few years, and a great effort has been made to develop new techniques for collecting and removing oil from water on a large scale to prevent environmental pollution by this contaminant. In view of the various problems involving traditional methods, such as the generation of secondary pollution, high costs and complexity of synthesizing material and expenses to transport equipment, among others, new technologies have been developed for removal of oil from water. Among these, the use of magnetic polymeric nano-composites has presented promising results, since they have high oil adsorption efficiency, ease of material removal through an external magnetic field, low cost of synthesis and possibility of reusing the material for several cycles, among others. However, a lack of studies about these promising systems exists regarding this technology and its procedures. Therefore, here we present a brief bibliographic review of the synthesis routes to obtain magnetic polymeric nanocomposites containing superpara-magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles developed for oil removal from water and report future trends and perspectives for progress of this technology.
... Fig. 5 shows the cubical and cylindrical samples strength testing. Although, not much work has meant achievements on the perlite pozzolanic output as well as the usage of this particular mineral as aggregate's substitute (Elham et al. 2016, Alqadi et al. 2018, Sharma et al. 2018, Kamyab et al. 2019a, Roudi et al. 2019, Naderipour et al. 2021b, Suresh et al. 2021, Athar et al. 2022, Balaraman et al. 2022, Kalaimurugan et al. 2022. According to , volcanic pumice was used as a cement and aggregate replacement material to examine lightweight concrete's workability, strength, shrinkage, absorption, and permeability. ...
A high-performance reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been readied alongside river sand, with 1.25 mm particle size when under the condition of 80C steam curing. As a heat and sound insulation, expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) provides economic advantages in building. Concrete containing EPA is examined in terms of cement types (CEM II 32.5R and CEM I 42.5R), doses (0, 2%, 4% and 6%) as well as replacement rates in this research study. The compressive and density of concrete
were used in the testing. At the end of the 28-day period, destructive and nondestructive tests were performed on cube specimens of 150 mm150 mm150 mm. The concrete density is not decreased with the addition of more perlite (from 45 to 60 percent), since the enlarged perlite has a very low barrier to crushing. To get a homogenous and fluid concrete mix, longer mixing times for all the mix components are necessary due to the higher amount of perlite. As a result, it is not suggested to use greater
volumes of this aggregate in RPC. In the presence of de-icing salt, the lightweight RPC exhibits excellent freeze-thaw resistance (mass is less than 0.2 kg/m2). The addition of perlite strengthens the aggregate-matrix contact, but there is no apparent ITZ. An increased compressive strength was seen in concretes containing expanded perlite powder and steel fibers with good performance.
... To create exceptionally proficient attractive materials, the "doping" of polymer materials with attractive MNPs, made of an inorganic issue (frequently superparamagnetic press oxide Fe 3 O 4 or γ-Fe 2 O 3 , or "delicate" metallic iron, yet additionally "hard" attractive materials, e.g., Ni, Co, FeN, FePd, FePt, etc.), gave off an impression of being a more engaging and effective arrangement [29]. These classes of material receive significant attention due to their potential in the fields of catalysis, sensor, enzyme immobilization, DNA extraction, drug delivery [30,31], bioremediation [32], and aerospace [23]. ...
Polymers have had an enormous impact on science and technology, and their interest relating to the development of new macromolecular materials has exponentially increased. Polymer nanocomposites, materials based on a polymeric matrix covalently coupled to reinforcement, display properties of both components. In the aerospace industry, polymer nanocomposites are attractive due to their promising characteristics, among which lightness, mechanical and thermal resistance, radiation and corrosion resistance, and conductive and magnetic properties stand out. The use of them, instead of metal-based materials, has allowed the optimization of design processes and applications in order to provide safer, faster, and eventually cheaper transportation in the future. This comparative review collects the most relevant and prominent advances in the development of polymer nanocomposites with aerospace applications starting from basic aspects such as the definition of polymer nanocomposite to more specialized details such as synthesis, characterization, and applications, in addition to proposing new research branches related to this topic.
... Several advantages regarding the use of nanocomposites are described in the literature. These materials have improved properties compared to conventional systems due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles that have a high specific surface area, which contributes to the bonding and entanglement of these nanoparticles in the respective matrices [44]. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites usually show better values of specific strength, stiffness, and toughness than conven-tional systems [45]. ...
... These properties depend directly on the size distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles and the presence or the absence of interactions between the surface of the polymeric matrix and the contaminants [37][38][39]. Magnetic nanoparticles have been widely studied for the preparation of magnetic polymeric nanocomposites, such as Fe3O4, g-Fe2O3 [27,[40][41][42], metallic Co, Fe, Ni [42,43], spinel-type ferrite (MgFe2O4), MnFe2O4 [27,43,44], CoFe2O4, FeCo, CoPt3, or FeCoPt nanoparticles [26,28,45]. However, the largest number of studies pertains to magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). ...
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles such as magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) have been used to produce magnetic nanocomposites with several polymeric matrices, such as magnetic styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites. Through the incorporation of these nanoparticles, the nanocomposite presents the phenomena of superparamagnetism, low coercivity and high magnetic susceptibility. Due to these features, magnetic nanomaterials can be removed from the place where they are inserted through an external magnetic field, thus differentiating them from conventional systems such as those used for treating oily water that require high costs of chemical agents for removal. These properties depend directly on the size distribution of the nanoparticles and on the presence or absence of interactions between the surface of the polymeric matrix and the contaminants. These materials have many applications and for this purpose the objective of this work is to present a bibliographic review and state-of-the-art of the evolution of magnetic styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites over the years. According to the reports in the literature, these systems are superior to those applied conventionally in the sectors of biotechnology, agriculture, oil/gas, and nuclear chemistry, mainly for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous media
... Hence, it is important to choose the enzyme proper matrix with robust, separable, and biocompatible features. Among the various carriers used for enzyme immobilization, magnetic nanoparticles could be simply segregated from the reaction mixture by the use of external magnets (Sharma, Verma, Kumar, & Kamyab, 2018). ...
Nanotechnology is an emerging innovation that has provided numerous nanoscale carriers for enzyme stabilization, immobilization, and transport. Nanotechnology combined with biotechnology offers exciting benefits for improving enzyme stability and activity under harsh environment. Owing to their exceptional physiochemical properties including mechanical, chemical, and thermal, nanomaterials should be considered as an ideal matrix for enzyme immobilization. In recent years, various nanomaterials including nanorods, nanoparticles, metal-organic frames, nanowires, nanosheets, and nanotubes have been utilized for enzyme immobilization. Enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials can be more stable, robust, and recyclable. While enzyme immobilization is generally associated with changes in the kinetic parameters and distortion and/or rigidification of enzyme structure, nanobiocatalysts have shown extensive applications in biomedicine, biodiesel, biosensing, biocatalysis, and bioremediation. In the present chapter, various nanomaterials and their applications on immobilized enzymes are discussed.
... Due to the use of dyes in most industries like textile, leather, plastic, food, and pharmaceutical, these can be found with a high percentage in the effluent [11]. During recent decades the preparation, and application of nanoparticles have been attracted very interest Due to its high ratio of surface area to volume, and wide industrial usage [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. As a result, the treatment wastewater for removing these undesirable pollutions was proposed by different materials, and methods such as ZnO/Ag/CdO, TiO 2 , graphene oxide, photodegradation, and physical absorption method [19][20][21][22][23]. Photodegradation as an impressive procedure was considered in recent years by using the semiconductors materials [24]. ...
In this study, using the chitosan (Chi), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a matrix for loading TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), and the chlorophyll (Chl) as a natural light photocatalyst, provided the new, and efficient photocatalyst (PVA/TiO2/Chi/Chl). The TiO2 NPs and chlorophyll were applied to modify the PVA/Chi, and use as an effective nano-photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue (MB), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and Congo red (CR) for the first time which shows efficiently promoted the separation of electron-hole pairs to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The degradation of MB was examined in the presence and absence of visible light. Also, the various contact time and the synergic effect of the different components of the bionanocomposite were studied. The high efficiency (96%) was achieved under visible-light irradiation (LED lamp 70 W by λ is 425 nm) at 60 min. The present bionanocomposite was identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. Also, the antibacterial properties of PVA/TiO2/Chi/Chl as a distinctive feature were examined by the agar disk diffusion and colony counter method. The zone of inhibition for both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were around 2.08 (±0.02), and 1.98 (±0.02), respectively. The colony counter was checked in the presence and the absence of visible light. Bacterial contamination presents serious risks to human health, therefore the prominent antimicrobial capability bionanocomposite inhibits the growth of both S. aureus, and E. coli bacteria under LED light irradiation. The use of green, and available materials, easy synthetic process, simple extraction method, eco-friendly protocol, high removal efficiency, and noticeable antibacterial properties are advantageous of the present work.
In this study, xCuO/(1−x)CdFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0) using the co-precipitation method. X-ray powder diffraction patterns revealed the formation of copper oxide (CuO) and cadmium ferrite (CdFe2O4) phases in each NC with hematite as a secondary phase. Transmission electron microscope study confirmed the existence of CuO and CdFe2O4 crystal grains with sizes of 17.86 and 18.45 nm, respectively. Optical analysis indicated that the addition of CuO caused variations in bandgap energy and shifts in the emission wavelength of the NCs. Dielectric measurements were carried out in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz, and dielectric study was performed by analyzing the frequency, temperature, and composition dependence of the dielectric parameters for the samples. Dielectric results showed the dispersion behavior of the NCs with increasing frequency and composition concentration corresponding to low dielectric losses, which makes them suitable for optoelectronics and high-frequency devices.
Magnetic nanoparticles, particularly nanosized spinel ferrites, have emerged as promising materials in science, engineering, and medicine due to their unique and intriguing properties achieved through various synthesis methods. These nanoparticles play crucial roles in research, commercial products, and biomedical applications. The increasing interest in green synthesis methods for magnetic nanoparticles and their nanocomposites is driven by their significance in diverse fields, including medicine, engineering, and environmental remediation. Recently, there has been a burgeoning focus on green-synthesized ferrite nanoparticles, (MFe2O4, where M = Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Mg) and their nanocomposites, which find diverse applications in various chemical, biological, and environmental reactions. This review highlights the latest research conducted over the last four years on green synthesis methods for producing nanosized ferrites, ferrites containing additional elements, and their nanocomposites, particularly focusing on plant and microorganism-mediated synthesis techniques. The surface properties of green-synthesized ferrite nanomaterials and their applications in energy, sensors, water treatment, antimicrobial activity, heavy metal removal, and biomedical applications are discussed. This review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of green-synthesized ferrites, incorporating the latest research findings and advancements. A thorough knowledge of green synthesis, properties, and applications is highlighted for maximizing the potential of nanoferrites in diverse fields.
