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Wood apple chutney was nutritious and health beneficial product with biochemical properties such as phenolic compounds that act as antioxidant properties. The present investigation was to develop and storage study of wood apple chutney. The best quality of chutney was selected on the basis of organoleptic quality for storage study. During the stora...
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... was prepared with wood apple pulp along with seeds, which is major ingredient of chutney along with green chilies, garlic, ginger, coriander and sodium benzoate (150 ppm) was used. Garlic and ginger are common ingredients used for formulation of chutney which enhance all over flavor of product [15] .The wood apple chutney prepared using the hit and trial method and four different formulation as per giving in Table 1 and processing steps used for making chutney is given in Fig. 1. Sensory evaluation Prepared wood apple chutney was evaluated on 9-point Hedonic Scale by panel of 20 semi trained panelist and scoring was done on quality attributes like appearance, color, consistency, taste, texture and flavor of freshly prepared chutney. ...Context 2
... was prepared with wood apple pulp along with seeds, which is major ingredient of chutney along with green chilies, garlic, ginger, coriander and sodium benzoate (150 ppm) was used. Garlic and ginger are common ingredients used for formulation of chutney which enhance all over flavor of product [15] .The wood apple chutney prepared using the hit and trial method and four different formulation as per giving in Table 1 and processing steps used for making chutney is given in Fig. 1. Sensory evaluation Prepared wood apple chutney was evaluated on 9-point Hedonic Scale by panel of 20 semi trained panelist and scoring was done on quality attributes like appearance, color, consistency, taste, texture and flavor of freshly prepared chutney. ...Citations
... Additional research on altered atmospheric packaging to improve or maintain functional qualities while being stored. [15] Investigation was done to assess the ethanolic leaf extract of Limonia acidissima's in-vivo antioxidant capacity against rats' hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet. For 30 days, a high-fat diet (HFD) was combined with the oral administration of 200 mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Limonia acidissima. ...
Wood apple is an edible fruit of Rutaceae family with less exploitation. The fruit pulp is edible and utilized in a variety of international culinary dishes. It has long been a part of traditional medicine. The goal of this review was to provide an overview of this plant's pharmacological potential. This fruit is beneficial against several fatal illnesses, including microbial infections, diabetes, cancer, and hyperlipidemia. It can also be used to relieve pain, ulcers, and diarrhea. Fruit, both ripe and unripe, has potent pharmacological properties. The plant's edible fruits are stomachic, astringent, diuretic, cardiotonic, and tonic for the liver and lungs; the bark is occasionally used to treat biliousness; the aromatic, carminative leaves are used to treat children's minor bowel infections and indigestion; and the roots are occasionally given to treat snakebites. The primary antioxidants with medicinal potential are flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The present review covers the latest developments in pharmacognosy, the diverse uses of this fruit in both food and non-food sectors, and the experimental studies conducted on L. acidissima. This review will be useful in raising awareness of the less well-known details and the less well-documented research on L. acidissima. With this knowledge, new formulations may be created, or current ones could be improved to have more nutritional or therapeutic benefits.
... In the current work, synthesized NPs also displayed this property, wherein copper NPs showed higher antioxidant activity than cobalt NPs. On the other hand, studies have determined the antioxidant property of the Limonia acidissima leaf extract [24]. ...
Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to synthesize Cobalt and copper nanoparticles (NPs) using Limonia acidissima L. leaf extract and to test their few medicinal properties like antimicrobial antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. Methodology: Limonia acidissima plant leaves were collected from the vicinity of the College and the study was completed in 11 months. The hot aqueous leaf extract and soxhlet extract using ethyl acetate as solvent were prepared. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids and absence of Phenols. The leaf extract was then used to make Cobalt and copper nanoparticles (NPs) using Cobalt acetate and Copper sulphate respectively. Results: The formation of NPs was checked by color change and confirmed with UV–visible spectrophotometry. The typical peaks of Co-NPs were detected in the range of maximum wavelength between 380-520 nm and that for Cu NPs was detected between 260-580 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized NPs of both metal oxides was then tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and also against two Candida sps. Cobalt NPs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms but Copper NPs showed no antimicrobial activity. The both NPs were also tested for antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Comparatively the Copper NPs possessed higher antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity than the cobalt nanoparticles. Conclusion: Thus, this underutilized plant from India can be further exploited for more medicinal properties and bring it into pharmaceutical usage.
... In South Asian nations, these chutneys are most commonly used with different flavours and tastes like sweet, sour, spicy etc. (Kapoor, 2001). Processing in the form of chutney helps as an appetizer and provides the availability of the fruit even during the off-season; it also helps in the utilization of the various minor fruits which are not much known (Kumari et al. 2018), supplements the nutrition (Singhania et al. 2020); Controls the wastage (Madhushani et al. 2016); Also, various combinations of tomatoes were added to the papaya due to its unique flavour. Fewer attempts have been made to utilize papaya by making its different products, but they did not attain the commercial approaches; hence a new approach has been made. ...
Background: Papaya (Carica papaya) has a maximum loss of postharvest shelf life. Due to the higher respiration activity, these are prone to ripening within a short time frame; as a result, pathogens develop quickly and lead to enormous problems for papaya producers. Hence to minimize this postharvest loss and to preserve nutritional qualities, the present study was conducted to utilize papaya pulp to prepare a delicious papaya chutney with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) because of its unique flavour. Methods: For chutney preparation, different combinations of papaya and tomato were used and their quality was analyzed based on biochemical (Total Soluble Solids, Titratable acidity, acid/Brix ratio, vitamin-C, total sugars, reducing sugars) and sensory attributes (colour, appearance, flavour, texture and consistency). Result: The treatment T7 (50% papaya: 50% tomato) was found to be the best combination in terms of biochemical and sensory quality parameters. Chutney was yet in acceptable conditions even after 90 days of preparation.
... Wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) is an underutilised fruit native to India and Sri Lanka. It belongs to the Rutaceae family and is abundantly found throughout the plains (Singhania et al., 2020). Each part of the plant such as leaves, bark, stems, and fruit possess nutritive and medicinal properties that has a significant role in pharmaceutical as antioxidant, antimicrob ia l, anti-inflammatory and other properties (Murthy & Dalawai, 2020) and are used in the treatment of various ailments such as diarrhoea, diuretic, stomachic, astringent, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, tonic for liver and lungs, leucorrhoea, hiccups, cough and wound healing properties (Ilaiyara ja et al., 2015;Murthy & Bapat, 2020;Sosalagere et al., 2022). ...
Ultrasonic assisted extraction is a novel technique to obtain bioactive compounds from plants with great efficiency. The aim of study was optimization of phenolic extraction efficiency and DPPHsc activity from wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) fruit. Phenols were extracted using different polar solvents methanol and acetone. The conditions of extraction with ultrasonic method using response surface methodology central composite design (CCD) and the variables includes solvent concentration of methanol and acetone (50‐100 %), ultrasonic temperature (30‐50 oC), sonication duration (20‐40 min) and ultrasonic frequency (25‐45 kHz). Optimum extraction conditions were determined as 61.5 % of solvent concentration, extraction temperature of 50 oC for 40 min extraction time at 25 kHz ultrasonic frequency for methanol extract. For these extraction condition of methanol extract, phenolic yield, total phenolic content and DPPHsc were found to be 25.81 %, 224.36 μg GAE/g and 93.49 %, respectively. For acetone extract, optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 52.68 % solvent concentration, 47.89 oC temperature, 39.8 min and 0.73 kHz ultrasonic frequency. The result obtained under these optimized conditions was 23.78 % yield of phenolic extract, 290.76 μg GAE/g TPC and 91.28 % DPPHsc, for acetone. The result demonstrated that the highest phenolic efficiency, phenolic content and DPPHsc were observed in methanolic solvent extract. SEM images of ultrasonicated powder samples showed that sonication results in cell rupturing and thus increasing the mass transfer for bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the results of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds from methanolic extract of wood apple fruit pulp revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and quercetin in a magnificent amount.
... A Flavonoid with pharmacological properties can be used in any medication for a number of diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and other non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cancer (4,5). The Flavonoid in wood apple is claimed as an active natural antioxidant passed the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reflux antioxidant activity testing (6). It was descriptive research that employed a laboratory experiment approach to determine the nutrient content of total carbohydrate, total protein, total fats, water, ash content, and the crude fiber of wood apple. ...
... The parts of the plant have their benefits, such as the bark, which is helpful for a liver disorder, insect bite, and menstruation. The gum from its stem could be used as the substitute for Arabic gum and the remedy for diarrhea (6). Wood apple also produces a chemical compound called coumarin from its roots, pectin polysaccharide as an antitumor property, as antimicrobial property, and as larvicide (2). ...
Wood apple or Limonia acidissima contains fruit acid, vitamins, and minerals. The dry fiber of the fruit contains 15% citric acid, potassium, calcium, and iron salt. The seed and pulp contain fats and protein. The fats consist of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, despite palmitoleic and stearic acid traces. β-sitosterol, β-Amirin, lupeol, and stigmasterol are from the unsaponifiable matter of seed oil. It was descriptive research that employed a laboratory experiment approach to determine the composition of total carbohydrate, total protein, total fats, water, ash content, and the crude fiber of wood apple. The research found that every 100 gram of wood apple contains 72.326% water, 2.144% ash content, 0.00985% crude fats, 4.300% protein, 15.115% fiber, and 5.868% carbohydrate. Keywords: wood apple, nutrition content, composition AbstrakApel kayu atau Limonia acidissima mengandung asam buah, vitamin, dan mineral. Serat kering dari buah ini mengandung 15% asam sitrat, kalium, kalsium, dan garam besi. Biji dan daging buahnya mengandung lemak dan protein. Lemaknya terdiri dari asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam linoleat, dan asam linolenat, dengan sedikit kandungan asam palmitoleat dan stearat. β-sitosterol, β-Amirin, lupeol, dan stigmasterol berasal dari bahan yang tidak dapat disaponifikasi dari minyak biji. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan eksperimen laboratorium untuk mengetahui komposisi karbohidrat total, protein total, lemak total, air, kadar abu, dan serat kasar kayu apel. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa setiap 100 gram kayu apel mengandung air 72,326%, kadar abu 2,144%, lemak kasar 0,00985%, protein 4,300%, serat 15,115%, dan karbohidrat 5,868%. Kata kunci: apel kayu, kandungan gizi, komposisi
... Several organs of the F. limonia tree have excellent therapeutic and functional properties: leaves (diuretic, anti-microbial and stomach disorders), roots and bark (insecticidal and snakebite), spines (liver and menorrhagia), gum (diarrhea and diabetes) and fruit pulp (skin cancer, diarrhea, sore throat, Jaundice and gastropathy) [74][75][76]. The fruit is processed as powder, preserve, squash, sherbet, beverage, jam, cream, leather, wine, toffee, candy, RTS, pickle and capsules [77,78]. ...
... Yes [71] Yes [71] A, B 2 , C [216] Ca, P, Fe [216] Phenolics [216,217] Yes [74][75][76] Very low perishability [218] Processed [77,78] ...
... Wood apple Thar Guarav [258] Standardization of propagation (soft wood grafting), high-density planting system, processing, and value addition [258,259] Chutney, Pickle, Frozen puree, sauce [77,78] Boundry plantation of farms [258] ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner ...
Nowadays, there is a large demand for nutrient-dense fruits to promote nutritional and metabolic human health. The production of commercial fruit crops is becoming progressively input dependent to cope with the losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. A wide variety of un-derutilized crops, which are neither commercially cultivated nor traded on a large scale, are mainly grown, commercialized and consumed locally. These underutilized fruits have many advantages in terms of ease to grow, hardiness and resilience to climate changes compared to the major commercially grown crops. In addition, they are exceptionally rich in important phytochemicals and have medicinal value. Hence, their consumption may help to meet the nutritional needs of rural populations, such as those living in fragile arid and semi-arid regions around the world. In addition , local people are well aware of the nutritional and medicinal properties of these crops. Therefore , emphasis must be given to the rigorous study of the conservation and the nutritional characterization of these crops so that the future food basket may be widened for enhancing its functional and nutritional values. In this review, we described the ethnobotany, medicinal and nutritional values, biodiversity conservation and utilization strategies of 19 climate-resilient important, un-derutilized fruit crops of arid and semi-arid regions (Indian jujube,
... In-vitro antioxidant activity of Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extract of wood apple leaf was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity method and reveals that all the extract possesses sufficient antioxidant property (Attarde, 2016). Similar activity was also reported by Kerkar et al. (2020) and Singhania et al. (2020). Methanolic extract was also effective in synergizing antioxidant enzymes such as superoxidase dismutase and catalase (Patel et al. 2012). ...
... The taste of the extract is sweet to sour. Stevia is a perennial plant commonly known as "meethipattikaped" as the leaves of this plant are sweet in taste, the extract of this plant is usually consumed as a natural sweetener agent by diabetic patients whose insulin levels are not in control in human body, the major objective for adding stevia in the juice is to enhance the flavor of the juice, to develop a RTS product for diabetic patients, also to avoid caramelization of sugar granules during the processing of the juice extract which ultimately interferes with the color index of the juice also some studies has been revealed about the change in color after storage and development of microbial organisms [3][4][5]. Aloe vera with the presence of bioactive compounds offers to show results in lessening the blood glucose level with various useful impacts, including immune modulators, wound healing, hypo glycemic factor, anticancer, gastro-defensive, antifungal, and calming properties [6]. Aloe vera is a colorless gel which does not interfere with the color values of the juice, rather helps in improving nutritive, physiochemical and sensory quality of the finished product by protecting off-flavor secretions in the beverages [7][8], also aleovera juice is an abundant source of crude fibre, ash and phenolic content [9]. ...
The present study has been done with the objective to have a comparative nutritional profile of Rhododendron arboreum flower juice value added with Stevia, Aleovera and ginseng at the levels of 5%, 10% and 15% fortifications respectively. The flowers used in the presentstudy have been procured from Kumaon region of Uttrakhand state. The value added extract of Rhododendron arboreum flower has been analysed for quality evaluation i.e, chemical, functional and sensory parameters. Results of the study have revealed that the incorporation of Stevia, Aleovera and ginseng in Rhododendron arboreum juice was noted to be positive in all the parameters, juice extracted from cold pressed technique has found to be highly nutritious at the level of 10% value addition. The reason behind the incorporating of Stevia, Aleovera and Ginseng for the value addition in the raw juice of Rhododendron arboreum, that it can be used as RTS for a health cautious community.
... However, most of the commercial bread consumed is made of refined wheat flour, ending up with high contents of starch and low contents of bioavailable compounds like vitamins, minerals, fibres, etc. The increasing frequency of chronic health issues can be prevented by adopting healthy functional food options, increasing the demand for healthier foods and expecting the food industry to develop new functional food products, which are rich in bioavailable compounds, low in starch gluten (Singhania et al., 2020). In this study, adding RAP to whole wheat bread has increased the nutritional and mineral content of the bread etc. also as per the best of our knowledge no such research has been done before, no data are available in which the pomace of R. arboreum has been added in the bakery products. ...
In this study, the incorporation of Rhododendron arboreum powder (RAP), a by-product of extracted juice, in bread formulation was studied on 5, 10 and 15% substitution with wheat flour. The newly formulated fortified bread was analyzed for its nutritional (protein, fat, fibre, ash and carbohydrate), textural (TPA) and sensory aspects (colour, taste, flavour and texture) parameters. Further the thermal and rheological properties were studied. In comparison to control, fortified bread was significantly (P<0.05) higher in protein, fibre and minerals like Fe, Zn, etc. The incorporation led to slight decrease in the crumb structure, loaf volume, along with a modest increase in textural hardness. The instrumental L* and a* value increased significantly, whereas, b* values decreased significantly with increase in the content of RAP in flour. Incorporation of RAP was noted to be positive on all the parameters, with the best overall acceptability of fortification with 10% RAP.
... Total Phenolic Content estimation was done using the folinciocalteu reagent [17] . Briefly, in 1 ml of sample extract 0.5 ml of FC reagent was added then incubation was done at room temperature for 5 min and 5 ml of 20% anhydrous sodium carbonate was added. ...
Flaxseed, a minor oilseed possesses various biologically important components which makes it a potential food source. Along with its high nutritional quality, it has high antioxidant properties which protect human from various diseases. This study focused on analyzing and comparing the effect of different processes viz. soaking, roasting, mating, two-phase solvent extraction method, dehulling on the nutritional composition and biochemical properties (total phenolic content and antioxidant activity). Positive Pearson correlation was observed between crude protein & crude fiber (0.472) and negative correlation of crude fat with crude protein (0.56) & crude fiber (0.91). The TPC ranged from 354.82 to 748.3 GAE mg/100g while antioxidant activity ranged from 19.61% to 49.51%. Salt soaking methods slightly affected the TPC and AA while T4 significantly increased the both TPC and AA due to germination step. However, dehulling process exposed the flaxseed to damages from light and heat, thus significant reduction was observed.
