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Different dimensionality based assembled heterogeneous nanomaterials. Reproduced with permission from [21]. Copyright (2016) Springer Nature.
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Noble metal nanoparticles are highly attractive, owing to their optical, physical, electrical and chemical properties. Specifically, ease of surface modification, exceptional plasmonic and optical properties of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have created increasing interest in the assembly process. Once assembly is achieved successfully, the disassemb...
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... the past few decades, graphene, carbide, and nitrides 2D materials have obtained fame and studied extensively for various applications (Figure 1). However, researchers also understand the reputation of noble metal based 2D nanomaterials films, 2D organic and metal organic frameworks (MOF), 2D organic polymers and inorganic oxides films. ...
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... TEM image shows the welldispersed particles under dark and light conditions at 0 sec. Aggregation was observed after UV irradiation of sample at about 10, 15 and 20 min ( Figure B1-B3). The as-synthesized thiol-SP modified Au NPs revealed good stability in the dark as compared to other Au NPs light-induced reversible assembly (LIRA) systems. ...
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... this regard, the pH-responsive reversible assembly has been successfully attained by synthesizing thiol containing oligonucleotide-modified Au NPs system [111]. In this system, Oligo A and Oligo B contained different bases sequence attached with Au NPs with triplex formation under pH<5 observed due to protonation of the oligonucleotides and lowered repulsion between the phosphate groups of Oligo A and Oligo B resulting in assembly of Au NPs -see Figure 10A. A similar case was reported by glutathione (GSH) to form clusters (20-100 nm) in response to pH ( Figure 10C) [113]. ...
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... this system, Oligo A and Oligo B contained different bases sequence attached with Au NPs with triplex formation under pH<5 observed due to protonation of the oligonucleotides and lowered repulsion between the phosphate groups of Oligo A and Oligo B resulting in assembly of Au NPs -see Figure 10A. A similar case was reported by glutathione (GSH) to form clusters (20-100 nm) in response to pH ( Figure 10C) [113]. The pH window for GSH modified Au NPs was about pH 5.6 to 3.8. ...
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... Park et al, has demonstrated that Au NPs modified with single stranded DNA and cytochrome at acidic pH (5.5) assemble due to electrostatic interactions. While at higher pH proton transfer caused electrostatic repulsion between Au NPs ( Figure 10D) [114]. ...
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... upon addition of HCl, the pH of the solution was maintained at 5 and visible color change appeared (red) with Au NPs dispersion giving rise to a UV peak at 523 nm due to the formation of the quadruplex structure because of base intercalation. This change was reversible upon addition of NaOH (0.1 M Figure 11A, the reversible aggregation of Au NPs was observed [107]. ...
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... NPs were modified with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and oleylamine cause the protonation and deprotonation of 4-MBA which leads to self-assembly and disassembly of Au NPs ( Figure 11B). From an application point of view, rhodamine was loaded onto the surface of Au NPs to investigate the drug delivery concept and successfully carried out by varying the pH value. ...
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... of Au NPs can be achieved by using this system but the aggregation was limited to trimers or tetramers of nanoparticles ( Figure 11C). Various polymeric systems are available that are responsive to acid and base. ...
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... et al. designed a face strategy by modifying the surface of Au NPs with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) [119]. Simple hydrogen bonding between the OEG modified Au NPs surface and PAA was the main factor that induced the assembly and disassembly behavior of Au NPs as can be seen in Figure 11D. Upon addition of protons, the hydrogen bonding between polymer and OEG caused the formation of assemblies that were confirmed by plasmonic peaks as well as hydrodynamic nanoparticle size measurements. ...
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... Au NRs precipitation or aggregation and re-dispersion behavior was achieved by Morita- [121]. Basically, the solubility of C16CA depends on pH change and by maintaining the pH in between 2 to 5 the precipitation of Au NRs is shown in Figure 12E. ...
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... re-dispersion behavior of Au NRs depends on the pH dependent solubility of C16CA, when the pH is increased to about 12 then the redissolution of C16CA happened which causes the dispersion of Au NRs ( Figure 12F). [8]). ...
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... PNIPAM showed hydrophobic properties and PEG causes the reorganization of Au NPs into oligomers. The reversible/disassembly phenomenon was observed when the temperature was lower than LCST<30°C Figure 13(A-B). 123,118,45]. ...
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... does not cause any optical properties to change in Au NPs but it determined the assembled chain length of Au NPs. The UV visible results clearly indicated the change in wavelength at low temperature in assembled form ( Figure 13C). ...
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... the presence of triblock polymer, the aggregation temperature (Taggr) was about 12°C, while in the presence of triblock polymer the aggregation was not observed even at 30°C. Hence PEO-PPO-PEO has played a critical rule in the controlled assembly and disassembly behavior of Au NPs as shown in Figure 13 (D-E). ...
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... aggregates under the applied external magnetic field cause the linear long chain assembly of the nanoparticles Figure 14(A). Upon utilization of visible light, the conversion of azobenzene from cis to trans occurred which further cause no magnetic effect as there will be no aggregation of were examined along with linear assemblies of these aggregates upon external applying magnetic field Figure 14 B(3-4). ...
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... aggregates under the applied external magnetic field cause the linear long chain assembly of the nanoparticles Figure 14(A). Upon utilization of visible light, the conversion of azobenzene from cis to trans occurred which further cause no magnetic effect as there will be no aggregation of were examined along with linear assemblies of these aggregates upon external applying magnetic field Figure 14 B(3-4). ...
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... addition, polyethylene glycol dibenzyl aldehyde (PEG-DA) was introduced to interact with the amino moieties from PG1A and achieved successful control on the gap distance between Au NPs by using pH and temperature response for 2-D monolayer film at the interface. To demonstrate the temperature and pH response, the monolayer film was transferred to Si grid and reversible plasmonic shift to about 70 nm was obtained upon changing the pH and temperature with a visible color change Figure 15 (a-f). ...
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... general, the soft templates provide less binding sites for nanoparticles. So, in some cases The oxidation and reduction due to the host-guest interaction prompted the assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles attached with guest molecule -see Figure 16A while another aspect related to Au NPs redox reaction based assembly and disassembly was reported and in some cases, the same host-guest interactions cause assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles under light irradiation [25,149]. For example, Au NPs modified with cyclodextrin due to electrostatic interactions cause the attachment and detachment from the surface of carbon nanotubes upon the use of UV light [150]. ...
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... the reversible assembly behavior for complex shapes of Au NPs (cube, nanowires, triangles, and stars) has not been studied well. The reason behind such kind of behavior relates to size, complex geometries and multiple forces such as electrostatic forces and Van der Waal Forces ( Figure 16B) [151]. Mostly, it has been estimated that the particle size to induce reversible aggregation is about 5 to 8 nm [152]. ...
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Citations
... Zhou et al. [25] emphasized the role of gold nanosurfaces in amplifying signals and increasing the available surface area for interaction with target molecules, thereby enhancing sensor performance. Research by Zubair et al. investigated the precise manipulation and selfassembly techniques of gold nanostructures, demonstrating their potential for customized sensor designs [26]. These studies highlight the vital role of gold nanosurfaces in enhancing sensor capabilities for detecting illicit substances. ...
This research introduces a novel sensor design integrating a metasurface composed of graphene and gold. The proposed sensor employs grating-assisted light coupling between a strip waveguide tailored for refractive index sensing in the detection of illicit drugs. The metasurface is composed of a polymer matrix consisting of two nanostructures, namely, a graphene matrix and a gold matrix. The structure is characterized by a structure where at least one dimension is equal to or less than one-quarter of the operational wavelength. Using plasmonic effects, the proposed sensor enhances the performance parameters of an effective sensor such as sensitivity among other crucial metrics. The sensor achieves an optimum sensitivity of 506 GHzRIU⁻¹, with a Q factor of 14.88, an FOM of 4.079 RIU⁻¹, and a minimal detection limit of 0.251 RIU. These results highlight the promising applications of the proposed sensor in law enforcement, forensic investigation among other areas where the detection of illicit drugs is a prerequisite.
... 74,75 Charge and integrity of organic shell also influence on the surface energy (solvation etc.) as well as on the kinetics of the system evolution towards the state with a lower energy (e.g., by electrostatic repulsion or Coulomb blockade of core oxidation etc.). 76 Therefore, the dominance of one or another process depends on the environment, pH value (i.e. surface potential of GNPs, etc.), presence of active chemical compounds (complexing or/and oxidizing agents etc.) capable of reacting either with stabilizer molecules or with the metal core. ...
Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly being used in various areas of human activity. However, the degradation mechanism of nanobodies in harsh environments is still a puzzle for theory and experiment. We...
... Based on the competitive absorption, the catalyst was regenerated by a reversible ligand exchange to replace TPP with MPD after structural regulation. Previous literature has demonstrated that the structure of Janus Au NP selfassemblies could be changed by varying the external environment [34,35] . Experiments show that interfacial ligand exchange between phosphines and thiols on gold surface is reversible, although the forward and backward rates are different. ...
... Noble metal nanoparticles as catalysts have found broad applications in hydrogenation/dehydrogenation, oxidation, coupling reaction and so on (Bratlie et al. 2007;Jiang et al. 2011;Wang et al. 2019;Wei and Chen 2012). Specifically, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), representing a relevant example of noble metal nanoparticles, have created growing interest in the catalysis area because of their superior catalytic activity (Miyamura et al. 2015;Zubair Iqbal et al. 2021). For example, Au NPs perform high catalytic activity for hydrogenation of nitrophenols and azo dyes in aqueous environment, and thus function as precious catalysts in terms of water environmental protection (Fu et al. 2019;Hong et al. 2022). ...
Well-dispersed gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) anchored by polymeric three-dimensional hydrogels for catalysis have received great attention, especially in aqueous-phase catalysis. In this study, thiol-functionalized chitosan poly(protic ionic liquids) hydrogel (TCPPILH) is delicately designed and prepared as a selective support material to anchor Au NPs by taking advantages of Au-thiol chemistry and facile preparation of protic ionic liquids (PILs). The TCPPILH was successfully synthesized by a protonation reaction of chitosan with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) in water, and followed by shaping in ethanol coagulation bath via solution-gelation transition, and the properties can be facilely adjusted by changing the feed ratio of MPA and MSA. It is found that the TCPPILH can act as a selective support for adsorption of Au³⁺ ions, and a maximal anchoring capacity for Au NPs could reach up to 151.5 mg/g. The as-prepared TCPPILH@Au NPs catalysts were systematically characterized by FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, XRD and ICP-OES analysis, and the findings demonstrated that the TCPPILH could effectively inhibit the agglomeration of Au NPs (ca. 4.20 nm in diameter). As a proof of concept, hydrogenation of water pollutes, such as 4-nitrophenol and azo dyes with NaBH4 as reductant was selected as model applications, and the results indicated that TCPPILH@Au NPs catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and satisfactory reusability.
Graphical abstract
Thiol-functionalized chitosan poly(protic ionic liquids) hydrogel (TCPPILH) was delicately designed and prepared as a selective support material to adsorb Au³⁺ and anchoring Au NPs by taking advantages of Au-thiol chemistry and facile preparation of protic ionic liquids (PILs). This TCPPILH@Au NPs catalysts exhibited desired catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol and azo dyes in water.
... Among biogenic nanoparticles, mainly the gold and silver metal nanoparticles have been widely investigated in the nanomedicine field (Durán et al. 2016, Santos et al. 2019. Some of the examples of the use of nanoparticles concern the following applications: magnetic nanoparticles, for imaging purposes (Heo et al. 2020, Billings et al. 2021; silver nanoparticles, for photodetectors (Paysen et al. 2020, Bouafia et al. 2021, Phummirat et al. 2021; barium titanate nanoparticles, for breast cancer cell treatment (Yoon et al. 2020, Ahamed et al. 2020; zinc oxide nanoparticles, for lung cancer cells (Chabattula et al. 2021); copper and copper oxide (Noor et al. 2020), cobalt oxide (Vijayanandan and Balakrishnan 2018), magnesium oxide (Saied et al. 2021), selenium nanoparticles (Wadhwani et al. 2016) in cell cultures; gold nanoparticles, for light-induced magnetism (Cheng et al. 2020, Iqbal et al. 2021); gold, for antimicrobial activity , Mikhailova 2021; and gold nanoparticles, for SARS-CoV-2 virus monitoring throughout the pandemic period (Moitra et al. 2020). These studies have emphasized the usefulness of biogenic nanoparticles as a versatile and cost-effective tool for therapeutic and technological applications. ...
... The singular valence electron state of Au, coupled with the dimension-confinement strategy (0D-nanoparticles, 1D-nanowires, 2Dthin films), endows nanoscaled Au materials with unexpected optical, electronic, and catalytic properties, etc., which are widely employed in optical sensing, solar energy conversion, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and other innumerable applications [1][2][3][4][5]. In addition, similar to other metal materials, decreasing the grain size also has performed a function for strengthening Au materials to postpone plastic response by providing grain boundaries (GBs) for the pile-up of dislocations [6][7][8][9]. ...
The well-known integration of outstanding optical, electronic, and catalytic properties enables Au nanomaterials to be applied in various fields, however, the intrinsically easy plastic flow of Au nanomaterials results in insufficient mechanical durability. Herein, the strategy of assembling core-shell structure to enclose Au nanoparticles is presented to tune the mechanical response for enhancing durability. Under the impact of the catalytic property of Au nanoparticles, the unique nanoshell containing the curved fullerene-like carbon (FL-C) fragments and amorphous carbon (a-C) tissue can self-assemble around Au nanoparticles and encapsulate adjacent Au nanocores, forming the [email protected]/FL-C core-shell structure via co-sputtering method. Compared to pure Au film, such self-assemble [email protected]/FL-C film can transform the mechanical response from plastic flow to the desirable near-elastic response. Additionally, the novel [email protected]/FL-C structure also endows favorable properties such as high strength (~13.7 GPa), high elastic recovery (~90%), and low wear rate (1.51 × 10⁻⁷ mm³/Nm), which are even superior to the traditionally considered protective-lubricating a-C film. The structural characteristic of [email protected]/FL-C film can provide a route to design Au-based materials with enhanced strength, near-elastic response, and high durability for resisting wear.
... Scientists have observed similar patterns of assembly in nanomaterials based on self-assembling patterns and their functions in nature and have incorporated them into several advanced technologies. Recent research has been demonstrated that DNA can self-assemble to create various hybrid nanostructures, 180 which can be used to direct the organization or crystallization of metal NPs. Through Watson−Crick base pairing, complementary ssDNA can hybridize and generate double-helical dsDNA. ...
Nature has inspired scientists to develop green and sustainable nanomaterials with biomimetic functions. Particularly, biomimetic metallic nanostructures (biometal NPs) with unique optical, catalytic, and electrical properties have received tremendous attention in many fields, ranging from healthcare and agriculture to energy and environmental sciences. Biometal NPs synthesized by various natural resources such as plant extracts, biomolecules, bacteria, and even viruses possess unique biomimetic functions including but not limited to precise biorecognition, self-assembly, antibacterial/antiviral, and enzymatic properties. In this report, we first review the bioinspired synthesis of industrially important metal nanoparticles, followed by the discussion on how the different biological sources affect the biomimetic functions of the as-synthesized biometal NPs. Next, we review the recent advancement and applications of these biometal NPs in the fields of biomedical engineering and catalysis, which include the development of metallic nanobiosensors, biomedical imaging probes, nanotherapeutics (e.g., antimicrobial and photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic agents), as well as the design of multifunctional nanozymes and artificial metalloenzymes for chemical and biopharmaceutical industries. Finally, we highlight some of the latest advancements in nanobiomimicry and their emerging applications in clean energy, electronic devices, and data storage, which shows the game-changing role of biomimetic metallic nanostructures for various technological applications in the near future.
... In the past decades, scientists have developed a broad diversity of methods to produce close and non-close packed two-dimensional (2D) arrays of micro-or nanoparticles including microgel or hydrogel particles. Such arrays are widely employed in a vast number of applications, such as flexible electronic devices, photonic films, colloidal lithography, microlenses, SERS sensing, fabrication of polymeric sheets and nanomaterials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Additionally, 2D arrays can be used as building blocks to engineer three-dimensional particle assemblies using a bottom-up strategy [2,[12][13][14][15][16]. ...
At the onset of a miniaturized device era, several promising methods, primarily wet methods, have been developed to attain large-scale assemblies of microparticles. To improve the speed, versatility and robustness of the current methods for the structured assembly of microparticles, an automatable method capable of forming 2D arrays of microspheres on large silicon surfaces is devised. The method uses surfaces perforated with vacuum-suction holes, capable of aspiring and holding individual particles from a particle cloud generated by subjecting a lump of chargeable particles, e.g., silica, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), to a strong electrical field under ambient air conditions. The microsphere levitation depends on the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the particles. A single or double brush stroke can remove excess particles covering the formed arrays. We find that silica or polystyrene microspheres with a diameter of 5 μm or 10 μm can be assembled on the order of a few seconds, independently of the array size. Owing to the reversible nature of the arresting vacuum force, the assembled layers can be transferred to another surface, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets, thus providing a key step for future particle printing processes for the fabrication of hierarchical materials, e.g., photonic crystals.
... Il est possible de tirer profit de cette diminution d'intensité ou des changements de fréquence plasmonique de manière dynamique sous l'action de différents stimuli (Lumière, pH ou encore électrique [57]) [58]. Pour ce faire il est important de maîtriser parfaitement les interactions entre particules décrites par la théorie DLVO (Annexe A) à travers notamment les ligands de surface. ...
Les nanoparticules plasmoniques métalliques ont des propriétés d’extinction de la lumière fascinantes qui dépendent de nombreux paramètres : taille, forme et nature chimique des particules, ainsi que du milieu environnant. L’étude de ces systèmes absorbant principalement dans le domaine visible a permis le développement d'applications dans des domaines variés tel que la catalyse, les applications biomédicales, ou encore pour la fabrication de capteurs. Les progrès récents en synthèse colloïdale ont permis l’émergence de nouveaux types de matériaux plasmoniques : les semi-conducteurs fortement dopés (SC). Leur densité de porteur de charge inférieure aux métaux permet d’étendre la gamme d’absorption au domaine infra-rouge (IR). Même s’il existe de nombreuses similitudes entre métaux et semi-conducteurs, les études sur l’effet de l’assemblage sur les propriétés optiques des SC restent très limitées.Nous synthétisons des nanoparticules cristallines de bronze de tungstène aux propriétés d'absorption anisotropes dépendantes du rapport d'aspect des particules. Les nanoparticules synthétisées montrent un pouvoir absorbant comparable aux nanoparticules métalliques et davantage adapté à l’absorption sélective des IR émis par le soleil tout en gardant une bonne transparence dans le domaine visible. Elles sont donc prometteuses pour des applications solaires.L’intégration de ces nanoparticules dans un dispositif nécessitant une approche ascendante, nous cherchons à comprendre quel est l’impact de l’assemblage des nanoparticules sur leurs propriétés optiques. En modifiant la chimie de surface des particules en solution, nous avons été capable de montrer que les propriétés optiques de particules isolées diffèrent de celles d’amas organisés ou encore d’agglomérats de particules aléatoirement orientées.Finalement nous cherchons à tirer profit de ces variations en intégrant les particules à une matrice cristal liquide capable d’organiser ou non les colloïdes en fonction de la température. En formulant ce composite avec soin, il a été possible de varier l’état d’agrégation des particules et donc l’absorption dans IR de manière réversible avec la température.Ces travaux améliorent la compréhension des propriétés optiques des semi-conducteurs plasmoniques. Ils ouvrent également la voie au développement de vitrages actifs dont l’absorption des IR varie avec la température.
... The reversible nanosystems are usually responsive to biological stimuli, where a change in pH or presence of an analyte will trigger release of the attached AMPs. In the irreversible conjugation, the AMPs are permanently attached on the nanoparticle and act in synergy with the NPs [154][155][156]. ...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health. The conventional antibiotic pool has been depleted, forcing the investigation of novel and alternative antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potential as alternative diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biomedical applications. To date, over 3000 AMPs have been identified, but only a fraction of these have been approved for clinical trials. Their clinical applications are limited to topical application due to their systemic toxicity, susceptibility to protease degradation, short half-life, and rapid renal clearance. To circumvent these challenges and improve AMP’s efficacy, different approaches such as peptide chemical modifications and the development of AMP delivery systems have been employed. Nanomaterials have been shown to improve the activity of antimicrobial drugs by providing support and synergistic effect against pathogenic microbes. This paper describes the role of nanotechnology in the targeted delivery of AMPs, and some of the nano-based delivery strategies for AMPs are discussed with a clear focus on metallic nanoparticle (MNP) formulations.
