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The value of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) in management research has now been acknowledged, although the PLS-PM was developed for a reason. First, the PLS-PM was developed as an alternative to Covariance based Structural Equation Modeling (CBSEM) when exploratory research is conducted. As far as this method concerned, many researche...
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Sequel to the rising challenges of unemployment and the inability of most Nigerian graduates to secure jobs upon graduation, this phenomenon has contributed to rising insecurity problems and its accompanying consequences on the socioeconomic well-being of the country. Therefore, with the evidence in this research showing attempt by some past studie...
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... It is significant, as the data collected for this study has a non-normal distribution. Furthermore, PLS-SEM can work with a complex model, including formative and reflective constructs simultaneously (Afthanorhan et al. 2020). The study applied the ADANCO software, as this software is equipped with a composite-based SEM technique. ...
This study investigates the impact of review quality (a situational stimulus) on consumers' risk perception and purchase intention in cross-border e-commerce based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. In doing so, quantitative research involving 400 Hungarian respondents was performed. The data were analysed using composite-based structural equation modelling (SEM). The study concludes that an experience created through highly qualified online reviews of previous consumers has a significant effect on mitigating consumers' risk perception while increasing their purchase intentions. The study also differentiates two aspects of risk, including perceived risk and affective risk, and reveals the two-fold mechanism of the decision-making journey. These results enrich the existing literature by supporting the use of the SOR model and introducing review quality as a situational stimulus to explain consumers' risk perception and purchase behaviours in cross-border e-commerce. Additionally, the study also provides valuable guidance in website design that can stimulate purchasing while lowering online perceived risk.
... Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con el fin de validar una escala de medida y extraer resultados exploratorios; con ayuda del software SmartPLS 3.3.5 , considerada como una herramienta exploratoria flexible que proporciona un resultado de relevancia predictiva. Con ella fue posible incorporar fácilmente la construcción del modelo reflexivoformativo de forma simultánea (Afthanorhan et al., 2020). Para la estimación del modelo se siguió "enfoque disjunto de dos etapas" propuesto por Sarstedt et al. (2019, p.3), en el cual se calcularon las puntuaciones de todas las construcciones de orden inferior para el modelo de ruta y se agregaron, como nuevas variables, al conjunto de datos para medir en la segunda etapa los constructos de orden superior. ...
Cada disrupción tecnológica trastoca el panorama de las instituciones bancarias y las obliga a redefinir sus estrategias de negocio para cumplir con las expectativas de los clientes. Estas estrategias implican la unificación y homologación de los canales físicos, digitales, propios y de terceros, por lo cual se requiere el conocimiento del modelo omnicanal. El estudio analiza, mediante el modelo PLS-SEM, cómo el riesgo percibido y compatibilidad percibida son determinantes de la experiencia del cliente en la adopción de la banca omnicanal en Honduras. La investigación es de tipo exploratoria de corte transversal, mediante la que se valida una escala de medida con una muestra de 299 clientes. Los resultados finales revelan la necesidad del despliegue de estrategias que garanticen la consistencia de la experiencia omnicanal para que el cliente no encuentre diferencias al explorar contenidos, al entrar en contacto con el servicio al cliente brindado en cada canal, en la calidad de los productos y servicios así como el desempeño de los mismos. En este sentido, es prioritario que la información capturada en cada canal, sea utilizada e integrada al resto de canales, de tal manera que la experiencia en el uso de canales sea flexible y sinérgica y con ello aumentar la adopción de la banca omnicanal.
... Se realizó un estudio transversal para validar la escala y extraer los resultados exploratorios mediante el uso del software SmartPLS 4.0.7.8 (Ringle et al., 2022), en el cual se incorporó el modelo reflexivo-formativo simultáneamente (Afthanorhan et al., 2020). Se utilizó el enfoque de indicadores repetidos propuesto por (Hair, Hult, et al., 2019), en el cual los indicadores se utilizan dos veces: 1) para los constructos de orden inferior 2) para los constructos de orden superior en el "Modo A" del software de SmartPLS 4.0.7.8 (Ringle et al., 2022). ...
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el efecto de la gestión de la experiencia del cliente en el retorno de la inversión en innovación. A través del modelo PLS-SEM se comprobó cómo la capacidad de la empresa, mentalidad cultural y dirección estratégica determinan la gestión de la experiencia del cliente, así como el gasto en innovación, crecimiento orgánico y desempeño financiero son determinantes del retorno de la inversión en innovación. La investigación es transversal- exploratoria, y fue posible validar una escala de medida aplicada a 90 empleados de las instituciones de banca comercial. Se logró comprobar que existe una fuerte relación entre la gestión estratégica de la experiencia del cliente y el retorno de la inversión en innovación; el crecimiento del negocio y uso de aplicaciones móviles orientadas al cliente respaldan las decisiones de inversión de las instituciones bancarias con un mayor desempeño financiero.
... Although PLS-SEM has been used for exploratory purposes since its outset, many researchers have discovered that it can also be used for confirmatory or exploratory purposes (Ringle et al., 2020). The PLS-SEM method appears to be accepted in many journals or publications for confirmatory purposes because it employs an established theory for testing (Afthanorhan et al., 2020). ...
Employee performance plays a crucial role in the productivity of organizations, especially in the hospitality industry in Malaysia. This work performance is influenced by leadership style, and finding the type of leadership style that is suitable to apply to employees is crucial, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Transformational leadership theory is selected for this study in determining leadership styles. There are four dimensions under transformational leadership theory, namely idealized influence, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. Data were collected online from 400 employees working in the hospitality industry in Malaysia and analyzed using partial least square structure equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that only two dimensions of transformational leadership, namely idealized influence and inspirational motivation, have a significant positive influence on employee performance. Implications in the context of human resource management and recommendations to increase employee performance are also discussed.
... Selain itu, alasan lain atas relevansi penggunaan metode PLS-SEM adalah adanya dugaan atas kesalahan spesifikasi model pengukuran pada penelitian sebelumnya. Kesalahan tersebut dapat diidentifikasi jika peneliti tidak yakin atas efek kausal atau hubungan antara konstruksi eksogen dan endogen yang akan mereka uji (Afthanorhan, Awang & Aimran, 2020). Untuk itu, PLS-SEM lebih tepat digunakan untuk memprediksi daripada mengestimasi hubungan antar variabel laten atau konstruk dalam model yang telah dihipotesiskan. ...
... Herman Wold first proposed the PLS-SEM method in 1982, and the method was introduced as an alternative method to CB-SEM, not as a substitute method. Since the introduction of this method, many studies have emerged that view the incompatibility of the PLS-SEM method in empirical research [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The study discusses the alleged insurmountable weaknesses in PLS-SEM use and explicitly or implicitly calls for the prohibition and condemnation of the use of PLS-SEM. ...
... In addition, another reason for the relevance of using the PLS-SEM method is the alleged error in the measurement model specification in previous studies. These errors can be identified if the researcher is unsure of the causal effect or the relationship between the exogenous and endogenous constructs they will test [12]. Thus, PLS-SEM is more appropriate to predict than to estimate the relationship between latent variables or constructs in the hypothesized model. ...
Partial least squares structural equation modeling atau biasa disebut sebagai PLS-SEM dikembangkan bukan tanpa alasan. PLS-SEM dikembangkan sebagai alternatif untuk covariance-based SEM, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk menjalankan penelitian exploratory. Selain itu, PLS-SEM dinilai mampu memberikan fleksibilitas terkait dengan karakteristik data, kompleksitas model maupun model spesifikasi. Tak ayal, PLS-SEM menjadi metode paling sering digunakan dalam banyak bidang di penelitian bisnis. Namun demikian, banyak dari peneliti yang menggunakan PLS-SEM secara tidak tepat bahkan berekspektasi lebih tanpa memahami dasar metode structural equation modeling. Untuk itu, artikel ini akan membahas mengenai berbagai jenis permasalahan dan kepercayaan umum atas penggunaan PLS-SEM dalam penelitian bisnis. Selain itu, artikel ini dapat dijadikan referensi untuk memudahkan peneliti terapan memutuskan metode, teknik dan alat seperti apa yang akan digunakan untuk menyelesaikan penelitiannya. Sebagai tambahan, pada bagian akhir artikel ini akan membahas mengenai bagaimana PLS-SEM dapat diterapkan untuk mengembangkan teori dalam penelitian bisnis melalui serangkaian pengantar teknis dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan pengguna. Artikel ini dilengkapi dengan prosedur sistematis yang membahas alur evaluasi setiap pengujian PLS-SEM melalui ilustrasi dengan model bernotasi menggunakan SmartPLS.
... Herman Wold first proposed the PLS-SEM method in 1982, and the method was introduced as an alternative method to CB-SEM, not as a substitute method. Since the introduction of this method, many studies have emerged that view the incompatibility of the PLS-SEM method in empirical research [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The study discusses the alleged insurmountable weaknesses in PLS-SEM use and explicitly or implicitly calls for the prohibition and condemnation of the use of PLS-SEM. ...
... In addition, another reason for the relevance of using the PLS-SEM method is the alleged error in the measurement model specification in previous studies. These errors can be identified if the researcher is unsure of the causal effect or the relationship between the exogenous and endogenous constructs they will test [12]. Thus, PLS-SEM is more appropriate to predict than to estimate the relationship between latent variables or constructs in the hypothesized model. ...
... Although, since the beginning, PLS-SEM has been known as a method for research that has exploratory purposes, several studies have explained that PLS-SEM can be used for both confirmatory and exploratory purposes [16,17,18]. Throughout their discussions, the PLS-SEM method seems to be accepted in many journals or publications for confirmatory purposes because it uses strong theoretical support for established theory testing [12]. Since then, the debate on the true nature of PLS-PM has been endless, specifically on statistical methodologies, and this condition makes applied researchers ignore articles on statistical flaws within PLS-SEM. ...
Partial least squares structural equation modeling (commonly referred to as PLS-SEM) was not developed without reason. PLS-SEM was developed as an alternative to covariance-based SEM, allowing researchers to conduct exploratory research. In addition, PLS-SEM is considered capable of providing flexibility related to data characteristics, model complexity, and model specifications. Undoubtedly, PLS-SEM is the most frequently used method in many fields of business research. However, many researchers use PLS-SEM incorrectly and even expect more without understanding the basic structural equation modeling method. For this reason, this article will discuss various types of problems and general beliefs about the use of PLS-SEM in business research. In addition, this article can be used as a reference to make it easier for applied researchers to decide what methods, techniques, and tools will be used to complete their research. In addition, at the end of this article, we will discuss how PLS-SEM can be applied to develop theory in business research through a series of technical introductions taking into account user needs. Subsequently, this article will be equipped with a systematic procedure that discusses the evaluation flow of each PLS-SEM test through illustrations with a notated model using SmartPLS.
Maintaining soil biological diversity is an effective approach in facilitating Chinese fir plantations' sustainable development. However, dynamic characteristics of soil microbial and nematode communities during Chinese fir planting remain unclear, particularly on the aggregate scales, which are the main sites of soil biological activity. Therefore, the research aims to explore how stand age (3, 9, 17, and 26 years) of Chinese fir plantations affects soil microbial biomass (including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, based on the phospholipid fatty acid method), nematode abundances (including bacterivores, fungivores, plant parasites, and omnivores‐predators, based on the modified Baermann funnel method), and their diversity within aggregates of differing sizes (>2, 2–1, 1–0.25, and <0.25 mm). According to the findings, both aggregate size and stand age were major factors affecting soil microbes and nematodes in Chinese fir plantations. Specifically, soil microbial biomass (mainly bacteria), nematode abundances (except fungivores), and their diversity peaked within large macro‐aggregates (>2 mm), and the ranking order for stand ages was 17 > 9 ≈ 3 > 26 years. As the main fractions of soil aggregates in Chinese fir plantations, large macro‐aggregates had suitable internal environments for soil microbial propagation and nematode growth and mainly accumulated at 17 years, which caused the prosperity of soil microbes and nematodes at this stand age. Moreover, the partial least squares path model demonstrated that the influence of stand age on soil microbes and nematodes was indirect; but rather, the aggregate composition played a direct role in shaping their communities. Therefore, in order to maintain soil biological diversity, large macro‐aggregates should be protected during the growth of Chinese fir, especially at the late stage (from 17 to 26 years). Overall, these results could provide valuable insights into Chinese fir plantations' sustainable development.
This study proposes an extended Stimulus-Organism-Response framework that investigates perceived seamlessness and product information as drivers of omni-channel shopping satisfaction, as well as the resulting consumer response outcomes. There is a specific focus on consumption and experience-sharing behaviour and on the moderating role of social media attractiveness. An online self-administered questionnaire resulted in 433 responses from South African shoppers. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and a multi-group CFA approach. Interestingly, information visibility was the strongest predictor of satisfaction. Furthermore, convenience of sharing was confirmed as a mediator, while social media attractiveness acted as moderator in the relationship between satisfaction and experience sharing. The research contributes to the fast-growing trend of omni-channel retailing, especially from a consumer perspective. While research typically focuses on consumption-sharing behaviour, this study adopted a dual-sharing perspective by investigating not only customer influence as a type of consumption behaviour sharing, but also experience sharing behaviour. The applicability of an extended S-O-R framework is confirmed in an emerging market context while providing practical insights for retailers.
Background and aims
The accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial process in mitigating climate change and ensuring soil quality. Subtropical plantations in China have shown high potential for enhancing SOC sequestration due to their high carbon sink capacity. However, the dynamics and compositions of SOC after long term afforestation are still poorly understood.
Methods
We examined the dynamics of SOC and its fractions of different soil layers (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–80 cm, 80–100 cm) in a mixed broadleaf-conifer plantation (BCP), a Masson pine plantation (MP), and a Slash pine plantation (SP), and an enclosed forest (EF) in subtropical China. Both physical fractions (particulate organic carbon (POC), soil clay organic carbon (SOCclay), soil silt organic carbon (SOCsilt)) and chemical fractions (iron-aluminum-bound organic carbon (Fe/Al-OC), and calcium-bound organic carbon (Ca-OC)) were determined. Additionally, soil physicochemical properties were further analyzed.
Results
Our results showed the SOC storage in the EF, BCP, MP, and SP in 2019 increased by 82%, 238%, 126%, and 103% respectively compared to 1984. The proportions of MAOC to SOC were respectively as follows: SP (65.9%) > BCP (64.9%) > EF (61.6%) > MP (53.9%). The mean proportions of SOCclay to MAOC were as follows: BCP (71.1%) > EF (66.9%) > MP (58.5%) > SP (51.0%). The mean proportions of Fe/Al-OC to MAOC were as follows: EF (53.3%) > SP (48.3%) > MP (47.9%) > BCP (39.8%). All these proportion increased with soil depth. RDA and PLS-SEM analysis revealed that soil nitrogen content and electrochemical properties (pH and EC) were the main factors that controlled SOC content and fractions.
Conclusions
Subtropical plantations have significant soil carbon sequestration capabilities, but they are currently nearing saturation. Soil nitrogen content may be key factor limiting further enhancement of carbon sequestration. Due to the high proportion of MAOC and relative consistent SOC storage, BCP and SP are recommended as priorities for plantation regeneration in subtropical China.
Pengenalan Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan dan Matematik (STEM) melalui Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025 meletakkan keutamaan dasar kurikulum berkaitan STEM dalam sistem pendidikan negara. Maka, kajian ini dilakukan bagi menilai pelaksanaan STEM dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan sejak dilancarkan pada tahun 2013. Kajian penilaian dilaksanakan berasaskan dokumen Panduan Pelaksanaan STEM, bertujuan menyediakan maklumat kepada pihak pembuat keputusan bagi penambahbaikan pelaksanaan STEM. Enam objektif kajian ditetapkan, termasuk mengenal pasti tahap pelaksanaan STEM dan juga menganalisis komponen penyumbang kepada kelancaran pelaksanaannya di sekolah menengah. Model CIPP digunakan sebagai memandu kerangka kajian penilaian melibatkan domain konteks, input, proses dan produk. Reka bentuk kajian penilaian mengaplikasikan pendekatan kuantitatif bukan eksperimen jenis kaedah tinjauan sampel. Sampel kajian 314 orang guru sekolah menengah dipilih menggunakan teknik rawak berstrata berkadar dari sembilan sekolah menengah. Instrumen bagi mengutip data terdiri daripada Soal Selidik Konteks Pelaksanaan STEM, Soal Selidik Input Pelaksanaan STEM, Soal Selidik Proses Pelaksanaan STEM dan Soal Selidik Penerimaan Pelaksanaan STEM. Perisian IBM SPSS Statistics Versi 25.0 dan Winsteps Versi 3.69.1 diaplikasikan untuk analisis data. Analisis deskriptif mendapati tahap pelaksanaan STEM dari aspek konteks, input dan proses adalah sederhana. Manakala, tahap penerimaan pelaksanaan STEM dilaporkan tinggi. Hasil analisis Regresi Berganda mendapati lima komponen peramal utama menyumbang 59.6 peratus terhadap penerimaan pelaksanaan STEM, dengan komponen paling dominan merupakan kesesuaian kandungan. Turut dikenal pasti enam komponen peramal menyumbang 65.9 peratus terhadap proses pelaksanaan STEM, dengan penggunaan strategi dan kaedah pengajaran sebagai komponen paling mempengaruhi proses pelaksanaan STEM. Implikasi kajian dikenal pasti menyumbang kepada aspek amalan, pengurusan, teoretikal dan juga metodologi. Sebanyak sepuluh cadangan dikemukakan ke arah penambahbaikan pelaksanaan STEM dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.
