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Heavy elements accumulate rapidly in the soil due to industrial activities and the industrial revolution, which significantly impact the morphology, physiology, and yield of crops. Heavy metal contamination will eventually affect the plant tolerance threshold and cause changes in the plant genome and genetic structure. Changes in the plant genome l...
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Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress, affecting the metabolism, growth, and productivity of plants worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed/hypothesized to investigate the ameliorative effects of biochar and rhizobacteria in drought-damaged Brassica napus L. genotypes. The plants were divided into two groups based on the drought stress employme...
Citations
... However, the electrodes that compose them have been capable of absorbing different types of heavy metals, and the use of microorganisms has also helped reduce the concentrations of these metals [14,15]. For example, it has been shown that Rhizobacteria in MFCs can reduce the high contents of toxic metal ions such as Pb, Cr, Cd, As, and Cr from 100 mgL −1 by 23.86% [16]. Likewise, the Gram-negative soil bacterium Rhizobium anhuiense has been studied in MFCs, reporting a generated voltage of 635 mV in 2.59 mWm −2 of power density [17]. ...
Industrialization has brought many environmental problems since its expansion, including heavy metal contamination in water used for agricultural irrigation. This research uses microbial fuel cell technology to generate bioelectricity and remove arsenic, copper, and iron, using contaminated agricultural water as a substrate and Bacillus marisflavi as a biocatalyst. The results obtained for electrical potential and current were 0.798 V and 3.519 mA, respectively, on the sixth day of operation and the pH value was 6.54 with an EC equal to 198.72 mS/cm, with a removal of 99.08, 56.08, and 91.39% of the concentrations of As, Cu, and Fe, respectively, obtained in 72 h. Likewise, total nitrogen concentrations, organic carbon, loss on ignition, dissolved organic carbon, and chemical oxygen demand were reduced by 69.047, 86.922, 85.378, 88.458, and 90.771%, respectively. At the same time, the PDMAX shown was 376.20 ± 15.478 mW/cm2, with a calculated internal resistance of 42.550 ± 12.353 Ω. This technique presents an essential advance in overcoming existing technical barriers because the engineered microbial fuel cells are accessible and scalable. It will generate important value by naturally reducing toxic metals and electrical energy, producing electric currents in a sustainable and affordable way.
... For instance, microorganisms can be used in bioremediation, a method to biologically remove contaminants from ecosystems (Dixit et al., 2015;Malla et al., 2018). This technique has been previously studied and applied in mining-affected environments in an attempt to return the ecosystems to their natural state (Newsome and Falagán, 2021;Bala et al., 2022;Riseh et al., 2023;Sánchez-Castro et al., 2023). Microorganisms can also be used for biomining processes, the extraction of metals of interest from their ores aided through biological processes such as bioleaching or bioaccumulation (Jerez, 2017). ...
Mining activities, even in arctic regions, create waste materials releasing metals and metalloids, which have an impact on the microorganisms inhabiting their surroundings. Some species can persist in these areas through tolerance to meta(loid)s via, e.g., metabolic transformations. Due to the interaction between microorganisms and meta(loid)s, interest in the investigation of microbial communities and their possible applications (like bioremediation or biomining) has increased. The main goal of the present study was to identify, isolate, and characterize microorganisms, from subarctic mine sites, tolerant to the metalloid antimony (Sb) and the metal copper (Cu). During both summer and winter, samples were collected from Finnish mine sites (site A and B, tailings, and site C, a water-treatment peatland) and environmental parameters were assessed. Microorganisms tolerant to Sb and Cu were successfully enriched under low temperatures (4°C), creating conditions that promoted the growth of aerobic and fermenting metal(loid) tolerating or anaerobic metal(loid) respiring organism. Microbial communities from the environment and Sb/Cu-enriched microorganisms were studied via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Site C had the highest number of taxa and for all sites, an expected loss of biodiversity occurred when enriching the samples, with genera like Prauserella, Pseudomonas or Clostridium increasing their relative abundances and others like Corynebacterium or Kocuria reducing in relative abundance. From enrichments, 65 putative Sb- and Cu-metabolizing microorganisms were isolated, showing growth at 0.1 mM to 10 mM concentrations and 0°C to 40°C temperatures. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the isolates indicated that most of the putative anaerobically Sb-respiring tolerators were related to the genus Clostridium. This study represents the first isolation, to our knowledge, of putative Sb-metabolizing cold-tolerant microorganisms and contributes to the understanding of metal (loid)-tolerant microbial communities in Arctic mine sites.
... Microbial remediation refers to decreasing the availability of HMs in the environment using indigenous or exotic microbes, e.g., bacteria, fungi, and algae. Nowadays, various microbial agents have drawn the attention of researchers and academician because of their significant potential in the removal, detoxification, and transformation of HM and protection of the surrounding environment (Jeyakumar et al. 2023;Riseh et al. 2022;Sreedevi et al. 2022;Tarekegn et al. 2020). Microbial technologies have recently been considered an advanced technique for removing HMs from contaminated sources, i.e., water, soil, and sediment. ...
A gradual rise in the level of hazardous metal concentrations, viz., arsenic, lead, cadmium, nickel, etc., in soil, sediments, and water has become one of the most serious problems in India and across the world over the last few decades. Therefore, various conventional and modern strategies and technologies have been proposed and developed to control the increasing levels of hazardous metals. Many studies have revealed the fate, transport, bio-accumulation, ecotoxicity, and health risks of these metal contaminants in humans, animals, and soil biomass. There are various techniques for metal remediation, e.g. immobilization, transformation, adsorption, sequestration, complexation, methylation, etc., in soil, sediment, and water. However, only a few studies have investigated microbial-based strategies and technologies for remediation of these metal contaminants to prevent health hazards in plant, animal, and soil ecosystems. Further, technological breakthroughs in microbe-based bioremediation have pushed bioremediation as a promising alternative to standard approaches. Therefore, in this chapter, our aim is to review all the recent advancements in the microbial remediation of metals, address the status of hazardous metals in soil, sediments, and water, and discuss their impact on human and animal health. Furthermore, this chapter also discussed microbial and bio-nanotechnologies currently available for the removal of metals from soil, sediments, and water and their management.
... In this regard, numerous studies have been undertaken to investigate the efficacy of innovative methodologies, including the utilization of nanomaterials, living organisms, and their metabolic byproducts, against both biotic and abiotic stress factors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Several researches have been conducted in connection with increasing the yield of agricultural products, including the use of new materials, control of plant diseases, etc. [13][14][15]. One of the most pressing challenges in agricultural applications is ensuring the efficient delivery of inputs such as nutrients, pesticides, and herbicides to crops while minimizing the environmental impact [16]. ...
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising tool in agricultural advancements due to their unique properties including, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and remarkable versatility. These inherent properties along with their antimicrobial, antioxidant and eliciting activities enable CNPs to play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing nutrient absorption and improving pest management
strategies. Furthermore, the nano-formulation of chitosan has the ability to encapsulate various agricultural amendments, enabling the controlled release of pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, thus offering precise and targeted delivery mechanisms for enhanced efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest research and developments in the use of CNPs for enhancing agricultural practices through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. It discusses the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and their role in enhancing seed germination and plant growth, crop protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving soil quality and reducing the environmental pollution and delivery of agricultural amendments. Furthermore, the potential environmental benefits and future directions for integrating CNPs into sustainable agricultural systems are explored. This review aims to shed light on the transformative potential of chitosan nanoparticles as nature’s gift for revolutionizing agriculture and fostering ecofriendly farming practices.
... Biosorption, as explored in this study, offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to address chromium pollution. It involves the use of living or non-living biomass to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions [41][42][43]. The use of biological materials for metal removal is advantageous as it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and highly efficient [9,10]. ...
Various leather factories in West Bengal have resulted in an enormous amount of leather that is processed annually. Regular discharges of tannery effluents into land and open water have led to significant soil and water pollution, with one of the most dangerous inorganic pollutants being chromium (Cr). This study aims to recover the most harmful components from industrial water using efficient biosorbents. Brevibacillus brevis US575 has been initially found in tannery effluents, where it has a high tolerance level to Cr6+ ions. Utilizing microorganisms that can withstand high metal concentrations may emerge as a promising tool for the remediation of contaminated water sources. The Cr(VI) adsorbed from the solution in the aqueous phase during the 60-min contact period in this experiment was nearly 78%. Studies on the concentration of biomass, pH of the medium, and the starting concentration of metal ions have also been seen to affect the rate of biosorption. The biosorption efficiency of Brevibacillus brevis US575 at optimized conditions of initial metal concentration of 200 μg/mL, 3 g/L of biomass dose, pH 2.0, 45 °C, for 60 min at 60 rpm was 78.58% and the biosorption capacity (Qe) is 108.48 mg/g of the biosorbent. According to the desorption investigation, 1 M HCl outperformed all other concentrations of HCl, NaOH, and pure water. The highest capacity of adsorption of the bio-adsorbent was calculated using the Langmuir model. The monolayer adsorption process was determined, and since the Freundlich model’s 1/n value fell inside 1, favorable adsorption has been postulated. According to the results of this study, the bacterium isolated from tannery wastewater was found to be the best alternative and could be used to create plans for biosorption to combat current environmental pollution.
... Bioremediation, or biological remediation is an innovative technology that uses multiple potential biological agents, mainly bacteria, fungi, algae, yeasts, molds, and plants, which is gaining increasing attention for the removal/detoxifying/transformation/neutralize the negative effects of HMs, while protecting the surrounding environment (Jeyakumar et al., 2023;Riseh et al., 2022;Sreedevi et al., 2022;Tarekegn et al., 2020). Unlike a number of widely used physicochemical methods used to alleviate HM pollution, bioremediation offers a range of economic feasibility due to its high HM removal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, ease of handling, and ready availability both in contaminated soil and water (Kour et al., 2021;Sharma et al., 2021;Sreedevi et al., 2022). ...
Contamination of the natural ecosystem by heavy metals, organic pollutants, and hazardous waste severely impacts on health and survival of humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Diverse chemical and physical treatments are employed in many countries, however, the acceptance of these treatments are usually poor because of taking longer time, high cost, and ineffectiveness in contaminated areas with a very high level of metal contents. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and efficient method of reclaiming contaminated soils and waters with heavy metals through biological mechanisms using potential microorganisms and plant species. Considering the high efficacy, low cost, and abundant availability of biological materials, particularly bacteria, algae, yeasts, and fungi, either in natural or genetically engineered (GE) form, bioremediation is receiving high attention for heavy metal removal. This report comprehensively reviews and critically discusses the biological and green remediation tactics, contemporary technological advances, and their principal applications either in-situ or ex-situ for the remediation of heavy metal contamination in soil and water. A modified PRISMA review protocol is adapted to critically assess the existing research gaps in heavy metals remediation using green and biological drivers. This study pioneers a schematic illustration of the underlying mechanisms of heavy metal bioremediation. Precisely, it pinpoints the research bottleneck during its real-world application as a low-cost and sustainable technology.
... Intrinsic bioremediation is defined as the stimulation of naturally occurring organisms by providing nutritional materials and oxygen to remediate heavy metals without attribution of any engineering steps (Riseh et al. 2022). ...
Background
The demand for designing a new technology that can emphasize the complete removal of heavy metals increased as a result of the industrial revolution. Bioremediation was found to have a potent impact on the degradation of organic and inorganic environmental pollutants.
Main body
Bioremediation is a multidisciplinary technology that possesses safe, efficient, and low-cost characteristics. Also, one of the important features of bioremediation technology is the in-situ treatment which reduces the possibility of transmitting the contaminants to another site. The application of genetic engineering, to engineer a microorganism to acquire the ability to remove different types of heavy metals at a time or to generate a transgenic plant, is considered one of the new promising bioremediation approaches.
Short conclusion
Removal of heavy metal pollution still represents a big challenge for ecologists that’s why this review shed some light on bioremediation technology; its importance, mechanism of action, and prospects.
... Heavy metals have been recognized as usual contaminants of the environment especially the aquatic environment because most of them can easily dissolve in water [2]. Heavy metals also enter the environment through industrial activities and contaminate groundwater, disrupt the food chain, reduce food quality, and threaten human health [3]. When these heavy metals enter the water, soil, and air, plants and aquatic organisms absorb them, and their physiological and functional activities can be affected. ...
... When these heavy metals enter the water, soil, and air, plants and aquatic organisms absorb them, and their physiological and functional activities can be affected. These heavy metals in fishes and aquatic invertebrates also reduce growth and survival and increase developmental anomalies, hence the need for its bioremediation [3]. ...
The greatest challenge of man today is to deal with metal pollution problems because unlike organic compounds which are decomposed naturally, heavy metals tend to persist on the aquatic environment, hence get accumulated at different sensitive sites. Given the growth in environmental awareness, emphasis is given on this exploration of environment friendly ways for decontamination procedures. Attention has been drawn to bioremediation which is a good alternative to conventional remediation technologies. The preference for it is based on the fact that it is of low cost, and generates non-toxic by products. Microorganisms have acquired a variety of mechanisms to adapt themselves to the toxicity of heavy metals. The results obtained from the bioremediation of cadmium, chromium and copper in both the water samples and sediment samples using Alternaria sp, Aspergillus sp and Fusarum sp, show that there is a significant decrease in the quantities of cadmium, chromium and copper in both the water samples and sediment samples upon treatments with the selected microorganisms. The result of the bioremediation of chromium shows a significant decrease in the amount of chromium in the sample from the mean value of 0.423 for pre-remediation treatment to 0.08 for post remediation treatment. There was also a reasonable decrease in the amount of copper metal in the water sample from 0.193 to 0.092. The post bioremediation of cadmium in sediment sample shows a significant decrease in the amount of cadmium from 0.2430 to 0.1880, tending towards the value of the control. The bioremediation of the heavy metals significantly reduced the amount of the heavy metals present in the polluted environment. Hence, it can be said that under suitable environmental and biochemical conditions, microorganisms can be used in the remediation of the heavy metals present in a heavy metal polluted environment.
Simultaneous application of modified Fe3O4 with biological treatments in remediating multi-metal polluted soils, has rarely been investigated. Thus, a pioneering approach towards sustainable environmental remediation strategies is crucial. In this study, we aimed to improve the efficiency of Fe3O4 as adsorbents for heavy metals (HMs) by applying protective coatings. We synthesized core-shell magnetite nanoparticles coated with modified nanocellulose, nanohydrochar, and nanobiochar, and investigated their effectiveness in conjunction with bacteria (Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus megaterium) for remediating a multi-metal contamination soil. The results showed that the coatings significantly enhanced the immobilization of heavy metals in the soil, even at low doses (0.5%). The coating of nanocellulose had the highest efficiency in stabilizing metals due to the greater variety of surface functional groups and higher specific surface area (63.86 m² g⁻¹) than the other two coatings. Interestingly, uncoated Fe3O4 had lower performance (113.6 m² g⁻¹) due to their susceptibility to deformation and oxidation. The use of bacteria as a biological treatment led to an increase in the stabilization of metals in soil. In fact, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus megaterium increased immobilization of HMs in soil successfully because of extracellular polymeric substances and intensive negative charges. Analysis of metal concentrations in plants revealed that Ni and Zn accumulated in the roots, while Pb and Cd were transferred from the roots to the shoots. Treatment Fe3O4 coated with modified nanocellulose at rates of 0.5 and 1% along with Pseudomonas putida showed the highest effect in stabilizing metals. Application of coated Fe3O4 for in-situ immobilization of HMs in contamination soils is recommendable due to their high metal stabilization efficiency and suitability to apply in large quantities.
Graphical Abstract
The escalating global waste crisis and precipitous decline in biodiversity have emerged as two of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. These interconnected issues pose grave threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems and the myriad species that inhabit them. This research Endeavor seeks to harmonize these critical spheres by proposing an integrated approach to waste reduction and wildlife preservation, recognizing their inextricable linkages within the intricate web of life. This research explores the synergistic potential of integrating waste reduction strategies with targeted wildlife preservation efforts. By promoting circular economies, sustainable production and consumption practices, and innovative recycling technologies, the influx of harmful pollutants into ecosystems can be mitigated, alleviating the burden on vulnerable species and habitats. Complementarily, robust conservation measures, ecosystem restoration initiatives, and the engagement of local communities can safeguard biodiversity, thereby maintaining the ecological integrity that underpins sustainable waste management.
