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Differences in zoospore formation between Halioticida noduliformans NJM 0451 and Haliphthoros milfordensis NJM 0131. A Manner of zoospore formation in Halioticida noduliformans . Fragments are longer and constructed of weakly constricted protoplasm, and spaces between adjacent fragments are smaller than those of Haliphthoros milfordensis . One to several discharge tubes are formed
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Four strains belonging to the Peronosporomycetes (formerly Oomycetes) were isolated from white nodules found on the mantle
of three species of abalone. In artificial seawater, the four isolates formed fragments such as in the genus Haliphthoros, but the protoplasm constriction was weaker, and fragments were longer, with smaller spaces between them,...
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Four strains belonging to the Peronosporomycetes (formerly Oomycetes) were isolated from white nodules found on the mantle of three species of abalone. In artificial seawater, the four isolates formed fragments such as in the genus Haliphthoros, but the protoplasm constriction was weaker, and fragments were longer, with smaller spaces between them,...
Citations
... No new evidence supporting the attribution of the parasite to the species Lagenidium callinectes were uncovered during this study. However, it is noteworthy to mention that Holt et al. (2018), in their study of European lobsters Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758) eggs collected from the coasts of British Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, that were infected by the oomycete Halioticida noduliformans Muraosa, Morimoto, Nishimura, & Hatai (2009), demonstrated the presence of a DNA sequence in some eggs that was 98 % to 99 % identical to that of L. callinectes. This finding significantly strengthens the case for attributing the Mor-Bihan parasite to this species. ...
... Unfortunately, there is limited information available on the morphology and histology of this species. The figures given by Atami, Muraosa & Hatai (2009) depicting the parasite in the gill filaments of Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844) and those of Muraosa et al. (2009) which shows the species parasiting Haliotis spp. do not support this hypothesis either. ...
Samples of Chthamalus montagui taken at 16 points along the coasts of the Bay of Biscay and Brittany reveal that the "Mor-Bihan barnacle disease" extending from the Bay of Arcachon to the northern shores of Brittany. However, contamination has not been observed at Pointe de Saint-Gildas in Loire-Atlantique, nor at the two stations of the tip of Brittany (Blockhaus de Kermabec in Tréguennec and Petit Dellec in Plouzané) as well as at Pointe de La Varde in Saint-Malo. Nouvelles données sur l'extension de la maladie des balanes du Mor-Bihan Résumé Des prélèvements de Chthamalus montagui effectués en 16 points le long des côtes du golfe de Gascogne et de la Bretagne révèlent que la « maladie des balanes du Mor-Bihan » est présente depuis le Bassin d'Arcachon jusqu'au rivage nord de la Bretagne. La contamination n'a cependant pas été observée à la pointe de Saint-Gildas en Loire-Atlantique, aux deux stations de la pointe bretonne (blockhaus de Kermabec en Tréguennec et le Petit Dellec en Plouzané) et à la pointe de La Varde en Saint-Malo. Reçu le 21 août 2023 ; accepté après révision le 3 mars 2024 ; en ligne le 2 mai 2024.
... Canter & Heaney 1984, Müller et al. 1999, the key publications raising new interest in the neglected group were those that reported the finding that algal parasites were the earliest-diverging oomycete lineages (Küpper et al. 2006, Sekimoto et al. 2008a and that a pathogen of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens was abundant and thus a potential regulator of harmful algal blooms (Hanic et al. 2009). Since then, efforts have been taken to rediscover the holocarpic parasites of brown algae (Tsirigoti et al. 2013, Strittmatter et al. 2016, Gachon et al. 2017, red algae (Sekimoto et al. 2008b, Fletcher et al. 2015, Klochkova et al. 2016, Buaya et al. 2019c, diatoms (Thines et al. 2015, Scholz et al. 2016, Buaya et al. 2017, 2019a, d, Garvetto et al. 2018, Buaya & Thines 2019b, 2020, Garvetto et al. 2019, invertebrates (Muraosa et al. 2009, Beakes et al. 2012, Molloy et al. 2014, Lee et al., 2017, Mendoza et al. 2018) and oomycetes (Buaya et al. 2019c). With the exception of the Haliphthorales (Vishniac 1958, Dick 2001, Sekimoto et al. 2007, Beakes & Thines 2017) most primarily holocarpic pathogens seem to be obligate biotrophic and, thus, unable to live apart from a living host. ...
... However, the typical sacculate hyphal swellings and the "elephant hyphae" (Sparrow 1973) were never observed in B. parasitica, which is the reason, together with the rather weak clustering with A. dubia, why we chose to describe a new genus for the parasitoid. Several oomycete species attacking invertebrate animals are not primarily holocarpic (Schikora 1903, Coker 1923, Atkins 1954, Seymour 1984, Cock et al. 1987, Willoughby et al. 1995, Molloy et al. 2014, Spies et al. 2016, Mendoza et al. 2018 or belong to the early-diverging oomycetes (Nakamura & Hatai 1995, Leaño 2002, Chukanhom et al., 2003, Hakariya et al. 2007, Sekimoto et al. 2007, Glockling & Beakes 2002, Muraosa et al. 2009, Glockling & Serpell 2010, Beakes et al. 2014. But there are a few species in Atkinsiella, Blastulidium, Chlamydomycium, and Crypticola that also belong to the primarily holocarpic Leptomitales and form a hyphal network, an important feature for successful cultivation. ...
Holocarpic oomycetes convert their entire cytoplasm into zoospores and thus do not form dedicated sporangia or hyphal compartments for asexual reproduction. The majority of holocarpic oomycetes are obligate parasites and parasitoids of a diverse suite of organisms, among them green and red algae, brown seaweeds, diatoms, fungi, oomycetes and invertebrates. Most of them are found among the early diverging oomycetes or the Peronosporomycetes, and some in the early-diverging Saprolegniomycetes (Leptomitales). The obligate parasitism renders it difficult to study some of these organisms. Only a few members of the genus Haliphthoros s. l. have been
cultured without their hosts, and of the parasitoid Leptomitales, some transient cultures have been established, which are difficult to maintain. Here, the cultivation of a new holocarpic oomycete genus of the Leptomitales, Bolbea, is presented. Bolbea is parasitic to ostracods, is readily cultivable on malt extract agar, and upon contact with water
converts its cytoplasm into zoospores. Its morphology and phylogenetic relationships are reported. Due to the ease of cultivation and the ready triggering of zoospore development, similar to some lagenidiaceous oomycetes, the species could be a promising model to study sporulation processes in detail.
... (Bian et al., 1979;Nakamura et al., 1995;Muraosa et al., 2006), Haliphthoros sp. (Leaño, 2002;Lee et al., 2017), Halocrusticida hamanaensis (Bian and Egusa, 1980), and Halioticida noduliformans (Muraosa et al., 2009;Holt et al., 2018), have formed a filamentous irregular margin on PYGS agar. Most of these species have a colony colouration of whitish yellow with flat elevation or rough for Haliphthoros species. ...
Fungal infections have been reported as one of the main hindrances for successful crustacean seed production. In a shrimp hatchery of Universiti Malaysia Sabah, abnormal sponge development of the ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus was observed and it was suspected as fungal infection due to a change in sponge colour. Fungus was isolated from egg samples of P. ornatus and transferred to Peptone-Yeast-Glucose-Seawater (PYGS) agar to identify and to reveal its morphological characteristics. Interestingly, the isolate in PYGS broth transferred into sterilized seawater did not show any characteristic feature of any asexual reproduction of Oomycete infection on crustacean. Consequently, slide culture was performed for a more detailed examination, where the fungus isolate showed septate hyphae and vesicle-like fruiting body only upon staining via Iodine-Glycerol stain. Based on the morphological characteristic features, the present isolate was determined as a non-oomycete organism and designated as IPMB LE01 strain. According to the ITS nucleotide sequence analyses of IPMB LE01, it has matched to Zasmidium musae. This species was mainly reported in plant fungal infection and rarely observed in aquatic animals. Hence, it is considered as the first report of fungus-associated on the moribund eggs of ornate spiny lobster in Sabah.
... A similar infection had been previously reported in abalone (Haliotis rubra) from Australia, mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) from Japan, and cultured aba lone (H. midae) from South Africa (Atami et al. 2009;Macey et al. 2011;Muraosa et al. 2009;Sekimoto et al. 2007), phylogenetic ana lysis highlighting a 99-100 percent similarity between the infection in lobsters and abalone (Holt et al. 2018). The conse quences Halioticida noduliformonas and other similar oomycete infections may have on wild populations are unknown (Holt et al. 2018). ...
This chapter provides an introduction to important marine pathogens, providing an overview of the diversity of pathogen types and how they affect different hosts in the marine environment. The chapter focuses on wild and cultured species and highlights that single infections are relatively rare, with co- and secondary infections being commonplace. The authors highlight the importance of understanding “normal” host tissue structure prior to interpreting pathological changes and outline the role of histology to assess pathogenicity of emerging diseases, linking presence of individual pathogens and co-infections with degree of host response. Fact sheets focus on the pathology (i.e., interaction of a specific pathogen group with the host cell/system) with high-quality histology and TEM images, emphasizing tissue changes caused by pathogens, and point the reader to presumptive diagnosis via histology while highlighting the need for confirmatory testing via other means. The pathobiome concept is introduced and explained, and the utility for predicting outcomes at the individual and population levels discussed.
... Several numbers of this species have been isolated either from agricultural area or aquatic environment 23,24 and have been extensively analysed. One of the species belonging to Pythium myophilum, earlier called as Lagenidium myophilum, has been reported to cause black abdominal infection to shimps 25,26 . However, P. insidiosum has never been reported from shrimps or other invertebrates. ...
The moribund shrimps were exhibiting yellow discoloration of the cephalothorax, blackening of gills and ulcers in the uropod and telson region. PCR for OIE listed viral pathogens ruled out known viral infections. No bacteria was present in haemolymph however, low level of Vibrios i.e. Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus was found both in the water collected from the broodstock tanks and affected tissue region. Histopathological examination of affected tissues revealed presence of highly invasive fungal hyphae both by routine and specific fungal stain. PCR amplification of the ITS region (approximately 900 bp) and sequencing confirmed presence of Pythium insidiosum. Phylogenetic analysis of this isolate placed it among the environmental isolates. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
... Molecular phylogenetic analysis.-According to the methods of Lilley et al. (2003), Phadee et al. (2004), and Muraosa et al. (2009Muraosa et al. ( , 2012, the edges of hyphae that had been growing for 48-72 h and incubated at 25°C in GY broth were cut and frozen at −85°C. Next, the mycelia were homogenized by Micro Smash (Tomy Seiko Co. Ltd) with the addition of zirconia beads. ...
In September 2014, a freshwater oomycete was first isolated from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer fry that were reared in freshwater at a fish hatchery in Sabah, Malaysia. A fungal strain was isolated from infected fry by using glucose yeast extract (GY) agar. From morphological identification, the strain belonged to the genus Achlya based on the mode of zoospore release. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region sequences from the strain showed high similarity (99-100%) to Achlya oblongata. The isolate was able to grow on GY agar incubated at 15-35°C, in GY broth adjusted to pH 3.0-11.0, and in up to 1.0% NaCl. This is the first report of Achlya infection in freshwater-reared Asian Seabass in Malaysia.
... NJM 0131', originally isolated from black tiger prawn (Chukanhom et al., 2003;Sekimoto et al., 2007). Muraosa et al. (2009) later described a second abalone parasite sharing morphological characteristics with Haliphthoros and erected a new genus to describe the species as Halioticida noduliformans. H. noduliformans was later isolated in wild Japanese mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) from Japan and cultured abalone (Haliotis midae) from South Africa (Atami et al., 2009;Macey et al., 2011) and found to share 100% sequence identity to the previously sequenced 0034 in the LSU gene region (Macey et al., 2011). ...
A parasite exhibiting Oomycete-like morphology and pathogenesis was isolated from discoloured eggs of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and later found in gill tissues of adults. Group-specific Oomycete primers were designed to amplify the 18S ribosomal small subunit (SSU), which initially identified the organism as the same as the 'Haliphthoros' sp. NJM 0034 strain (AB178865.1) previously isolated from abalone (imported from South Australia to Japan). However, in accordance with other published SSU-based phylogenies, the NJM 0034 isolate did not group with other known Haliphthoros species in our Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies. Instead, the strain formed an orphan lineage, diverging before the separation of the Saprolegniales and Pythiales. Based upon 28S large subunit (LSU) phylogeny, our own isolate and the previously unidentified 0034 strain are both identical to the abalone pathogen Halioticida noduliformans. The genus shares morphological similarities with Haliphthoros and Halocrusticida and forms a clade with these in LSU phylogenies. Here, we confirm the first recorded occurrence of H. noduliformans in European lobsters and associate its presence with pathology of the egg mass, likely leading to reduced fecundity.
... It is a member of the Haliphthorales, an early diverged lineage in the Oomycota phylum [94]. Halioticida noduliformans was first discovered in 2004 in South Africa [95,96] and is a threat for abalone in commercial aquaculture, which constitutes more than 93% of the global abalone market [97]. Between 2004 and 2006, several outbreaks in commercial aquaculture farms in South Africa and Japan caused up to 90% mortality among spat and up to 30% mortality among older animals [96,98]. ...
... Halioticida noduliformans was first discovered in 2004 in South Africa [95,96] and is a threat for abalone in commercial aquaculture, which constitutes more than 93% of the global abalone market [97]. Between 2004 and 2006, several outbreaks in commercial aquaculture farms in South Africa and Japan caused up to 90% mortality among spat and up to 30% mortality among older animals [96,98]. Pathogen control is challenging [96]. ...
... Between 2004 and 2006, several outbreaks in commercial aquaculture farms in South Africa and Japan caused up to 90% mortality among spat and up to 30% mortality among older animals [96,98]. Pathogen control is challenging [96]. Indeed, single H. noduliformans isolates can infect at least three abalone species from South Africa, Mexico and Japan [96]. ...
Oomycetes, or water moulds, are fungal-like organisms phylogenetically related to algae. They cause devastating diseases in both plants and animals. Here, we describe seven oomycete species that are emerging or re-emerging threats to agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture and natural ecosystems. They include the plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans , Phytophthora palmivora , Phytophthora ramorum , Plasmopara obducens , and the animal pathogens Aphanomyces invadans , Saprolegnia parasitica and Halioticida noduliformans . For each species, we describe its pathology, importance and impact, discuss why it is an emerging threat and briefly review current research activities.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
... It is a member of the Haliphthorales, an early diverged lineage in the Oomycota phylum [94]. Halioticida noduliformans was first discovered in 2004 in South Africa [95,96] and is a threat for abalone in commercial aquaculture, which constitutes more than 93% of the global abalone market [97]. Between 2004 and 2006, several outbreaks in commercial aquaculture farms in South Africa and Japan caused up to 90% mortality among spat and up to 30% mortality among older animals [96,98]. ...
... Halioticida noduliformans was first discovered in 2004 in South Africa [95,96] and is a threat for abalone in commercial aquaculture, which constitutes more than 93% of the global abalone market [97]. Between 2004 and 2006, several outbreaks in commercial aquaculture farms in South Africa and Japan caused up to 90% mortality among spat and up to 30% mortality among older animals [96,98]. Pathogen control is challenging [96]. ...
... Between 2004 and 2006, several outbreaks in commercial aquaculture farms in South Africa and Japan caused up to 90% mortality among spat and up to 30% mortality among older animals [96,98]. Pathogen control is challenging [96]. Indeed, single H. noduliformans isolates can infect at least three abalone species from South Africa, Mexico and Japan [96]. ...
... BKKU1127) were obtained from net cage-cultured Nile tilapia with water mold infections on the Nam Phong River in Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand from September 2010 to August 2011 (Table 1) (Panchai et al 2014). The identified to species was examined by morphological structures of reproductive organs on hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa) cultures according to key references (Kitancharoen et al 1995;Johnson et al 2002;Chukanhom & Hatai 2004) and molecular identification (Lilley et al 2003;Phadee et al 2004;Muraosa et al 2009Muraosa et al , 2012. They were routinely maintained on glucose yeast extract (GY) agar (Hatai & Egusa 1979) at 25°C and transferred to fresh GY agar every month and were deposited at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. ...
