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Differences in the growth of spawn between selected wild mushrooms in wheat grains. Panels a-h illustrate grain spawn of Lenzites tricolor (GPS 180), Daedaleopsis sp. (Royan 8), Pholiota aurivella (GPS 142), Donkia pulcherrima (Neka 24D), Trametes sp. (GPS 130), Cyclocybe sp. (Darabkola 20), Ganoderma tsugae (GPS 186), and Hohenbuehelia auriscapium (GPS 196), respectively. Hohenbuehelia auriscalpium (GPS 196) and Donkia pulcherrima (Neka 24D) did not colonize grains over one month of incubation, while wild isolates such as Trametes sp. (GPS 130) and Ganoderma tsugae (GPS 186) filled spawn less than 15 days. Photographs were taken with a digital camera on the 30 th day of mycelial growth in the spawn. Each isolate was subjected to three independent replications. One of the replicates is shown in this figure.
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Domestication of wild mushrooms and preserving their mycelia alive is essential to ensure reproducibility of biomedical research and breeding programs. This study was conducted with the aim of domestication of wild-growing mushrooms collected from the northern Iran (Mazandaran province) where is known to be rich in valuable higher fungal reserves....
Contexts in source publication
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... most of the wild mushrooms filled wood spawn for 24-45 days after inoculation, which was significantly longer than the period observed in grain spawn (p < 0.01) ( Table 1). Mycelia of Lenzites tricolor (GPS 180) (Fig. 5a), Trametes sp. (GPS 119), Daedaleopsis sp. (Royan 8) (Fig. 5b), Trametes versicolor (GPS 107), Trametes sp. (GPS 122), Trametes sp. (GPS 130) (Fig. 5e), Ganoderma tsugae (GPS 186) (Fig. ...
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... most of the wild mushrooms filled wood spawn for 24-45 days after inoculation, which was significantly longer than the period observed in grain spawn (p < 0.01) ( Table 1). Mycelia of Lenzites tricolor (GPS 180) (Fig. 5a), Trametes sp. (GPS 119), Daedaleopsis sp. (Royan 8) (Fig. 5b), Trametes versicolor (GPS 107), Trametes sp. (GPS 122), Trametes sp. (GPS 130) (Fig. 5e), Ganoderma tsugae (GPS 186) (Fig. ...
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... mushrooms filled wood spawn for 24-45 days after inoculation, which was significantly longer than the period observed in grain spawn (p < 0.01) ( Table 1). Mycelia of Lenzites tricolor (GPS 180) (Fig. 5a), Trametes sp. (GPS 119), Daedaleopsis sp. (Royan 8) (Fig. 5b), Trametes versicolor (GPS 107), Trametes sp. (GPS 122), Trametes sp. (GPS 130) (Fig. 5e), Ganoderma tsugae (GPS 186) (Fig. ...
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... days after inoculation, which was significantly longer than the period observed in grain spawn (p < 0.01) ( Table 1). Mycelia of Lenzites tricolor (GPS 180) (Fig. 5a), Trametes sp. (GPS 119), Daedaleopsis sp. (Royan 8) (Fig. 5b), Trametes versicolor (GPS 107), Trametes sp. (GPS 122), Trametes sp. (GPS 130) (Fig. 5e), Ganoderma tsugae (GPS 186) (Fig. ...
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... (Darabkola 20) (Fig. 5f), Trametes sp. (GPS 179), Trametes versicolor (GPS 007), Trametes sp. (Neka 25-2), and Fomes fomentarius (GPS 131) completely colonized wheat grains for 14-15 days after inoculation. The spawn-growing periods for Pholiota aurivella (GPS 142) (Fig. 5c), Macrolepoita konradii (GPS 101), Hypholma fasciculare (GPS 176) and Lycopedron ...
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... 179), Trametes versicolor (GPS 007), Trametes sp. (Neka 25-2), and Fomes fomentarius (GPS 131) completely colonized wheat grains for 14-15 days after inoculation. The spawn-growing periods for Pholiota aurivella (GPS 142) (Fig. 5c), Macrolepoita konradii (GPS 101), Hypholma fasciculare (GPS 176) and Lycopedron pyriforme (GPS 158) were 19, 23, 25, and 27 days, respectively (p < 0.05). ...
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... (Darabkola 20) (Fig. 5f), Trametes sp. (GPS 179), Trametes versicolor (GPS 007), Trametes sp. (Neka 25-2), and Fomes fomentarius (GPS 131) completely colonized wheat grains for 14-15 days after inoculation. The spawn-growing periods for Pholiota aurivella (GPS 142) (Fig. 5c), Macrolepoita konradii (GPS 101), Hypholma fasciculare (GPS 176) and Lycopedron pyriforme (GPS 158) were 19, 23, 25, and 27 days, respectively (p < 0.05). No growth of mycelia in wheat grains or wood chips (p > 0.05) was observed for Donkia pulcherrima (Neka 24D) (Fig. 5d) and Hohenbuehelia auriscapium (GPS 196) (Fig. 5h) over one ...
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... inoculation. The spawn-growing periods for Pholiota aurivella (GPS 142) (Fig. 5c), Macrolepoita konradii (GPS 101), Hypholma fasciculare (GPS 176) and Lycopedron pyriforme (GPS 158) were 19, 23, 25, and 27 days, respectively (p < 0.05). No growth of mycelia in wheat grains or wood chips (p > 0.05) was observed for Donkia pulcherrima (Neka 24D) (Fig. 5d) and Hohenbuehelia auriscapium (GPS 196) (Fig. 5h) over one month of incubation (Table 1). Thus, mycelia plugs of these mushrooms grown in the solid media were utilized to inoculate substrate ...
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... aurivella (GPS 142) (Fig. 5c), Macrolepoita konradii (GPS 101), Hypholma fasciculare (GPS 176) and Lycopedron pyriforme (GPS 158) were 19, 23, 25, and 27 days, respectively (p < 0.05). No growth of mycelia in wheat grains or wood chips (p > 0.05) was observed for Donkia pulcherrima (Neka 24D) (Fig. 5d) and Hohenbuehelia auriscapium (GPS 196) (Fig. 5h) over one month of incubation (Table 1). Thus, mycelia plugs of these mushrooms grown in the solid media were utilized to inoculate substrate ...
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... A. cylindracea was already known and valued in ancient Rome for its unique taste (Vessey, 1972). The cultivation of this fungi, however it is well known in China, Japan, Thailand, Korea, but also in Europe: Germany, Greece, Italy and Spain, is still little known in Poland (Nocentini et al., 2000;Jasińska et al., 2014 a,b;Thawthong et al., 2014;Huang & Ohga, 2017;Shahtahmasebi et al., 2018). ...
... Mushrooms can be cultivated with low cost and low usage of land compared to other agricultural products; consequently, many farmers and manufacturers are turning towards the cultivation of mushrooms. In recent years the cultivation of specialty mushrooms increased mainly due to high availability of cheap, often waste material from agricultural and forestry industry production, which may be a potential substrate for growing mushrooms such as A. cylindracea (Jasińska et al., 2014 a,b;Thawthong et al., 2014;Huang & Ohga, 2017;Shahtahmasebi et al., 2018). ...
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Black poplar mushroom, Agrocybe cylindracea deserves special attention, due to its medicinal properties. Water and alcohol extracts from fruiting bodies of the fungus have an anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, cholesterol and triglycerides blood level lowering abilities. This mushroom is rich in proteins and vitamins, mineral elements and low in fat. The aim of the experiments was to determine effect of a substrate supplementation with CaCO3 on mycelial growth, yield, morphological features and storability of fruiting bodies of four strains of A. cylindracea (DC.) Marie. The amount of additive to sawdust substrate affects rate of mycelial growth and yield of investigated strains. A. cylindracea mycelial growth was not affected by addition of CaCO3 to substrate, however a significant effect of this additive was found on yield, which was the highest with CaCO3 addition in an amount of 8 g/100 g of substrate. Carpophores characterized with the largest caps diameter, and the largest individual mass obtained of substrate enriched with CaCO3 addition of 8 g/100 g of substrate. In addition, it was found that supplementation with CaCO3 affect storability of A. cylindracea. The lowest weight loss of fruiting bodies after 3 and 7 days of storage was found with addition of CaCO3 to substrate in an amount of 4 g/100 g of substrate.
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which is critical in shifting the country from its current dependency on imports thus
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Namibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa characterized by the existence of two deserts, the Namib and the Kalahari. However, though being arid, agriculture still plays a critical role in Namibia’s economy, which includes both crop and animal production. Furthermore, the country is endowed with vast marine resources, with its marine waters being equivalent to two-thirds of Namibia’s terrestrial environment. In the face of climate change and a growing population, there is a need for Namibia to continue with its climate smart efforts which is critical in shifting the country from its current dependency on imports thus increasing the country’s food self-sufficiency. This chapter highlights the threats posed by climate change, both on land and the marine environment of the country, which has potential negative impacts on the economy. Current research being undertaken in Namibia on ocean acidification, sea water harvesting, climate smart agriculture, and atmospheric science, is also highlighted in this chapter. The information presented in this chapter will be critical in guiding climate change mitigation policies in hyperarid African countries, thus reducing the burden caused by the global change in climate. Aspects on the direction of future research on climate adaptation with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach are also proposed.
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Although West Asia potentially represents one of the diversity hotspots for several groups of fungi, our knowledge of the funga
in this region is fragmentary. Here, we provide a list of macrofungal species from Iran and performed a comparative analysis of
macrofungal diversity in 12 regions worldwide. The list was compiled from relevant national/international conference letters,
GenBank submissions, and published literature in Persian, English, and other languages. In total, 1333 species of macrofungal
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to check the number of worldwide occurrences of the reported species which revealed a total of 17 species were exclusively
reported from Iran. We suggest that globally rare or low-occurrence species from Iran require global attention and potentially
can contribute to the IUCN list of endangered species. Based on comparisons between the macrofungi of Iran and that of
various countries, the Iranian species composition is found to be similar to those of the Mediterranean regions.
Macro-fungi have a large number of interesting biotechnological properties making them an important biotic resource for society. The objective of this work was to cultivate macro-fungi with edible and medicinal potential in vitro. Twenty six (26) samplings were made: Parque Natural Metropolitano (15), Parque Nacional Soberanía (7) and The Campus of the University of Panama (4). A total of 249 specimens were found. The collections of these fungi were carried out in rainy season, from July to December 2019. Petri dishes with AEM Agar were used for cultivation at 27°C for 48 h in darkness. From the reviewed macro-fungi, 7 orders, 17 families, 25 genera and 16 species were determined. The most frequently species were Cookeina speciosa and Trogia cantharelloides. A total of 101 specimens were successfully cultured and preserved using the sterile distilled water suspension method. According to scientific literature review of the specimens collected, 41.58% were classified as medicinal, 27.7% as edibles and medicinal, 23.72% without records of properties of interest to the study and 6.9% in the category of edibles.
Culture collections are an effective method of ex situ conservation of biodiversity and represent an important strategic and economic element for the development of biotechnological and biomedical scientific research. This research contributed toward these goals with macrofungi of Panama.
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) produced by white-rot fungi (WRF) can be widely used, but the high cost prevents their use in large-scale industrial processes. Finding a solution to the problem could involve laccase production by solid-state fermentation (SSF) simulating the natural growth conditions for WRF. SSF offers several advantages over conventional submerged fermentation (SmF), such as higher efficiency and productivity of the process and pollution reduction. The aim of this review is therefore to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the laccase production by WRF under SSF conditions. The focus is on variations in the up-stream process, fermentation and down-stream process and their impact on laccase activity. The variations of up-stream processing involve inoculum preparation, inoculation of the medium and formulation of the propagation and production media. According to the studies, the production process can be shortened to 5–7 days by the selection of a suitable combination of lignocellulosic material and laccase producer without the need for any additional components of the culture medium. Efficient laccase production was achieved by valorisation of wastes as agro-food, municipal wastes or waste generated from wood processing industries. This leads to a reduction of costs and an increase in competitiveness compared to other commonly used methods and/or procedures. There will be significant challenges and opportunities in the future, where SSF could become more efficient and bring the enzyme production to a higher level, especially in new biorefineries, bioreactors and biomolecular/genetic engineering.
