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Self-framing is an important but underinvestigated area in risk communication and behavioural decision-making, especially in medical settings. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship among dispositional optimism, self-frame and decision-making. Participants (N = 500) responded to the Life Orientation Test-Revised and self-framing te...
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... < .001). Table 1 shows the differences in the optimism scores and the self-frame hedonic tones between the high and low dispositional optimism groups. The dispositional optimism score of the high dispositional optimism group was significantly different from that of the low dispositional optimism group, t(498) = 27.52, ...
Citations
... Optimistic people see the positive side of situations. 9 Dispositional optimism also relates to motivation. Optimistic people exert effort, whereas pessimistic people are less likely to do so. ...
Objective:
The current study uses the unique setting created by the coronavirus crisis in China during the peak period of the pandemic to examine the behavioral factors affecting the decision of the Chinese people to adopt the precautionary actions recommended by the government.
Methods:
Using the social app WeChat, we conducted a cross sectional study of the Chinese people in mid-February 2020.
Results:
Our results show that higher levels of dispositional optimism and support for the government's actions for managing the epidemic were positively correlated with the compliance level. In addition, women and married participants were more likely to comply with the recommendations.
Conclusions:
Optimism and support for government actions should be considered when promoting policies related to health behavior such as social distancing.
... Como podemos observar, para a realização das atividades do docente, são necessárias muitas horas de dedicação com intenso esforço mental, físico e emocional, caracterizado, muitas vezes, por uma carga horária excessiva e alterações no comportamento do trabalhador relacionado a uma compulsão por trabalho para conciliar e obter êxito em suas atividades laborais (NIE; SUN, 2016). Essa compulsão por trabalho é definida como workaholism e caracteriza-se pela dependência psicológica de um indivíduo ao seu trabalho (ZHAO et al., 2015). Tal condição pode prejudicar as relações interpessoais dos trabalhadores e influenciar as suas condições de saúde (AGOSTINI et al., 2014;CLAUDE;HADJISTAVROPOULOS;FRIESEN, 2014;HE et al., 2014). ...
A pesquisa objetiva investigar as condições de trabalho e saúde de docentes de pós-graduação stricto sensu de Letras e Linguística do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal desenvolvido com docentes vinculados a cursos de 155 Programas de Pós-Graduação de Letras e Linguística do Brasil, reconhecidos ou recomendados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Fizeram parte do estudo 654 docentes, com participação proporcional de cada região do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Os resultados demonstraram que, quanto às condições de trabalho, 80% referiram estarem satisfeitos com o trabalho na pós-graduação, apesar de considerarem que o ritmo e a intensidade do trabalho docente interferem negativamente em suas vidas (65,7%). Em relação às condições de saúde,verificamos que 52,2% dos docentes apresentam-se satisfeitos com a sua saúde e afirmaram ter uma boa qualidade de vida (61,2%). Em contrapartida, afirmaram não estarem satisfeitos com o sono (56,6%) e se sentirem exaustos emocionalmente (31,9%). Esses resultados demonstram uma dualidade entre as condições de trabalho e a saúde, apresentando uma demanda em relação ao desenvolvimento de estratégias individuais e organizacionais para o aprimoramento do trabalho docente.
... In the field of entrepreneurship, Cooper et al. (1988) found that entrepreneurs who were overly optimistic tended to persist in increasing the amount of investment during a new product's development process, which is actually a form of escalation of commitment. Xu et al. (2015), in their study, found that participants with a high level of optimism showed a greater tendency to use positive vocabulary. In the context of escalation of commitment, this will also occur when a decision maker seeks to justify his/her previous actions, to demonstrate that he or she is a good decision maker and can thus successfully complete the project and deliver high returns. ...
Although many theoretical explanations have been offered to explain the escalation of commitment, there is still a gap in the literature whereby individual variables, as the determinants of the escalation, indicate inconsistent findings. On the other hand, there is an opportunity to explore the role of a new individual variable, namely, Psychological Capital (PsyCap) which is a second-order construct of self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. This study aimed to analyze how the four variables, both as individual variables and as a second-order construct, predicted the escalation of commitment. As many as 297 business students completed the requested questionnaire. The results showed that self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience have both a significant and positive correlation toward the escalation of commitment. Furthermore, when compared to each of the constituent variables, as a second-order construct, PsyCap, proved to be more capable of predicting the escalation of commitment than its components. The implications of these findings are that PsyCap is not always associated with positive outcomes and, thus, it is crucial for companies to identify the type of personnel to be placed in positions where they will often be involved in decision making. JEL Classification: M410, C910, D810
... Individuals' problems and responsibilities in the workplace would interfere with fulfilling family obligations; on the other hand, individuals' problems and responsibilities in the family would interfere with completing work tasks (Kim and Hwang 2012). Role conflict would both consume individuals' psychological capital (Floyd and Lane 2000) and reduce their performance level at home and in the workplace, inducing difficulty in obtaining affirmation from family and career and causing their exhaustion in life and at work (Gou et al. 2013;Zhao et al. 2014). Studies have also concluded that the reduction of job satisfaction and life satisfaction further resulted in depression (Piko 2006). ...
This study examined the mediating effects of job satisfaction and life satisfaction on the relationship between work–family conflict and depression in professional women. A total of 443 professional women completed questionnaires that measured work–family conflict, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and depression. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to test the mediating effect. Bootstrap methods were used to assess the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects. SEM showed that job and life satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between work–family conflict and depression. The results of the bootstrap estimation procedure and subsequent analyses indicated that the indirect effects of job and life satisfaction on the relationship between work–family conflict and depression were also significant. The final model shows a significant relationship between work–family conflict and depression through job and life satisfaction.
... Our results show that both work-family and family-work conflict can significantly affect job burnout, and that the four dimensions of psychological capital are significantly negatively correlated with the three dimensions of job burnout. Teachers shuttle back and forth between two relatively independent boundaries of work and family and undertake multiple roles in either area, but as human beings their total amount of psychological resources are limited of course, playing two different roles well and simultaneously depletes these resources (Cinamon and Rich, 2005;Zhao et al., 2014). Naturally, work-family conflict is an important occupational pressure source for teachers and can lead to job burnout (Hammer et al., 2003;Xiao et al., 2014). ...
In this study, we investigated the relationship between work-family conflict and job burnout as well as the potential mediation/moderation effects of psychological capital. Participants were 357 university teachers who completed a questionnaire packet containing a work-family conflict scale, psychological capital questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General survey. According to the results, work-family conflict and psychological capital were both significantly correlated with job burnout. In addition, psychological capital cannot mediate-but can moderate-the relationship between work-family conflict and job burnout. Taken together, our findings shed light on the psychological capital underlying the association of work-family conflict and job burnout.
... Based on the social identity theory, social acceptance is a key factor that influences individual psychological health [45]. The awareness of exclusive behaviors come from others; thus, the perception of discrimination may directly reduce the individual sense of being accepted, which causes negative effects to psychological health [46,47]. First, the children of migrant workers will feel the discrimination of urban children of the same age. ...
The children of migrant workers can experience several mental health problems after they enter the cities, among which, loneliness is the most prominent and the most common psychological problem. The current study aimed to examine the impact of discrimination perception on loneliness of migrant children, mainly focused on confirmation of the mediator role of sense of belonging.
357 children of Chinese migrant workers were as participants involving in this research. Data were collected by using the Perception of Discrimination Scale, Sense of Belonging Instrument, and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale.
The results revealed that both perception of discrimination and sense of belonging were significantly correlated with loneliness of the children of migrant workers. Structural equation modeling indicated that sense of belonging partially mediated perception of discrimination to job loneliness.
Sense of belonging played a significant role in the relation between perception of discrimination and loneliness of the children of migrant workers.
... This factor directly affects how teachers choose their teaching activities, how they attribute their success or failure to teach, and how they regulate their moods. Therefore, the pressure mostly affects job burnout through the intermediary of self-efficacy (Zhao et al. 2014). Struggling to cope with a considerable amount of pressure may affect the selfevaluation of individuals, which will eventually make them feel tired of working. ...
The psychological pressure of high strength, often cause teachers teaching dissatisfaction, absenteeism and employee turnover. The current study examined the impact of work stress on job burnout, mainly focused on confirmation of the mediator role of self-efficacy. A total of 387 middle school teachers were as participants involving in this research. Data were collected by using the Perceived Stress Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. The results revealed that both work stress and self-efficacy were significantly correlated with job burnout. Structural equation modeling indicated that self efficacy partially mediated work stress to job burnout. The final model also revealed significant both paths from work stress to job burnout through self efficacy. The findings extended prior researches and provided valuable evidence on how to promote mental health of teachers at the workplaces.
Acculturation and psychopathology are linked in integrated, interactional, intersectional, and dynamic ways that span different types of intercultural contact, levels of analysis, timescales, and contexts. A developmental psychopathology approach can be useful to explain why, how, and what about psychological acculturation results in later adaptation or maladaptation for acculturating youth and adults. This review applies a conceptual model of acculturation and developmental psychopathology to a widely used framework of acculturation variables producing an Integrated Process Framework of Acculturation Variables (IP-FAV). This new comprehensive framework depicts major predisposing acculturation conditions (why) as well as acculturation orientations and processes (how) that result in adaptation and maladaptation across the life span (what). The IP-FAV is unique in that it integrates both proximal and remote acculturation variables and explicates key acculturation processes to inform research, practice, and policy.
Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 19 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Rising terrorist attacks around the globe have seriously deteriorated individual quality of life in general and mental well-being in particular. By considering the negative impacts of terrorism and the resulting fear on employees’ mental health strain, this study has examined the relations among fear of terror (FOT), personal burnout (PB), and emotional intelligence (EI), mainly exploring whether EI moderated the association between FOT and PB. For this purpose, we have collected data from 413 employees’ in the education sector of Pakistan. These employees are working in different cities of the two most vulnerable and terrorism-affected provinces of Balochistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between FOT and PB, while EI significantly moderated the relationship between FOT and PB. Therefore, the positive association between FOT and PB was stronger for those participants who reported a low level of EI and weaker for those with high EI. The theoretical and practical implications of the study based on the findings were discussed. The key findings of the study show that EI could serve as a protective factor in the path from FOT to PB and improved individuals’ mental health by protecting them from burnout.
Internet addiction has rapidly become a prevalent concern among left-behind children in China. Using the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, this cross-sectional study aims to investigate the correlation among loneliness, psychological resilience, and Internet addiction, as well as determine whether the adverse impact of loneliness could be buffered by psychological resilience. The findings revealed that loneliness positively correlated with Internet addiction, while psychological resilience negatively correlated with Internet addiction. The moderating effect analysis suggested that resilience could alleviate the adverse impact of loneliness on Internet addiction. Specifically, a statistically significantly positive effect of loneliness was noted on Internet addiction among children with low resilience, whereas no significant association between loneliness and Internet addiction was found among those with a high level of resilience. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the psychosocial mechanisms how loneliness might affect Internet addiction among left-behind children in China.
