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Differences in Sleep time, Sleep Length, Sleep Quality, and Sleep Hygiene by School Type. Note: Four school types are shown: special needs, lower, intermediate and higher track which refer to the cognitive abilities of the pupils. The words above and below the respective scales illustrate the coding of the scales (e.g., in MSFsc, it refers to late MSFsc and early MSFsc). Error bars 95% CI; significant differences (* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001) were tested via multilevel analyses while controlling for all covariates (see Tables 3-5).
Source publication
At the onset of puberty, students shift their sleep to later hours, but school starts early. It is suggested that evening orientation and early school start times do not go well together. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate sleep problems in adolescence and it was expected that the adolescents’ eveningness orientation is associated...
Citations
... A study of 1,253 Hispanic SWs found that those with irregular or nighttime schedules reported later sleep midpoints and greater sleep variability (14). Furthermore, irregular or nighttime SWs exhibited disturbed or delayed circadian rhythms, perhaps reflecting their circadian preferences, especially eveningness (15). However, the cited study had the limitation of including a relatively small number of SWs (N = 447). ...
Object
We explored the circadian preferences of non-shift workers (non-SWs) and various types of shift workers (SWs), and the associations of these preferences with sleep and mood.
Methods
In total, 4,561 SWs (2,419 women and 2,142 men aged 37.00 ± 9.80 years) and 2,093 non-SWs (1,094 women and 999 men aged 37.80 ± 9.73 years) completed an online survey. Of all SWs, 2,415 (1,079 women and 1,336 men aged 37.77 ± 9.96 years) reported regularly rotating or fixed schedules (“regular SWs”), and 2,146 (1,340 women and 806 men aged 36.12 ± 9.64 years) had irregular schedules (“irregular SWs”). Of the regular SWs, 2,040 had regularly rotating schedules, 212 had fixed evening schedules, and 163 had fixed night schedules. All participants completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) exploring circadian preferences, the short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) evaluating depression, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).
Results
Compared to non-SWs, SWs had lower MEQ scores, i.e., more eveningness, after controlling for age, gender, income, occupation, and weekly work hours (F = 87.97, p < 0.001). Irregular SWs had lower MEQ scores than regular SWs (F = 50.89, p < 0.001). Among regular SWs, the MEQ scores of fixed evening and fixed night SWs were lower than those of regularly rotating SWs (F = 22.42, p < 0.001). An association between the MEQ and ESS scores was apparent in non-SWs (r = −0.85, p < 0.001) but not in SWs (r = 0.001, p = 0.92).
Conclusion
SWs exhibited more eveningness than non-SWs; eveningness was particularly prominent in SWs with irregular or fixed evening/night shifts. Eveningness was associated with sleepiness only in non-SWs, but not in SWs.
... In addition, these researchers showed that poor sleep quality seriously impacts university students' school performance and social life by causing fatigue, learning difficulties, and attention problems (3)(4)(5). Factors such as sex, chronotype and educational and psychological distress can influence sleep quality in college students (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Type D personality, namely distressed personality, tends to experience negative emotions and avoid personal interaction (11). ...
Background/Aims: Bedtime procrastination (BP) is an unhealthy sleep behavior, but its relationship with Type D (distress) personality has never been examined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Type D Personality, BP, and Sleep Quality in university students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we applied the sociodemographic sleep data form, Type D personality scale (DS-14), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction subscales), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). All participants were divided into two groups: Type D personality and non-Type D personality. Sleep variables and scales were compared between these two groups. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed between the scales and the subdimensions of Type D personality. Results: We completed our study with 209 university students (66%, n = 138 female and 34%, n=71 male). The mean age was 22.17 ± 4.33, and 51.2% of the participants had Type D personality. Sleep quality was poor and insomnia was more severe in participants with Type D personality. Participants with Type D personality had more delayed bedtime. Negative affectivity was associated with poor sleep quality, more severe insomnia and BP, but social inhibition was not associated with BP. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the negative affectivity sub-dimension of Type D personality contributing to BP behavior among university students when planning interventions to reduce BP behavior.
... Montagnese et al. (2022) presentan un estudio para relacionar la calidad y el tiempo del sueño en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios; el estudio concluye que los estudiantes de cronotipo temprano obtienen mejores rendimientos académicos en comparación con sus contrapartes de cronotipo posterior. Vollmer et al. (2017) investigan los problemas del sueño en la adolescencia, esperando que la orientación nocturna esté asociada con muchos problemas relacionados con el sueño; los resultados del estudio concluyen que los alumnos vespertinos tienen mucho más desfase en el horario social, más sueño y más problemas para ir a la cama, que postergados a lo largo del tiempo afectan a los rendimientos en etapas de educación superior. Okano et al. (2019) concluyen en su estudio que en general, una mejor calidad, una mayor duración y consistencia del sueño se correlacionaron con mejor rendimiento académico en la universidad. ...
El tiempo de dedicación es clave en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. De igual manera, el estado del arte que el tiempo de dedicación realizado en distintas franjas horarias también interviene directamente en el rendimiento académico. Tras una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica existente ponemos de manifiesto que los estudiantes que son más nocturnos ven interferido su ritmo circadiano y consiguen un menor rendimiento académico. Incluso los alumnos más nocturnos en ocasiones ven mermadas su calidad de vida y salud, pudiéndose generar trastornos de ansiedad o depresión. El objetivo del estudio, con fines de mejorar el bienestar de los estudiantes, consiste en analizar la relación entre las franjas horarias de dedicación de los estudiantes en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, con metodología de aprendizaje en línea, y el rendimiento académico. La metodología del trabajo es descriptiva con un enfoque mixto cualitativo-cuantitativo con una muestra basada en estudiantes de grados universitarios en un contexto cultural concreto como es México. A contra pronóstico, los resultados muestran que los alumnos mayoritariamente nocturnos consiguen un rendimiento superior a diferencia de los alumnos con un ritmo circadiano más apropiado según la literatura científica. Tras discutir los resultados concluimos que distintos aspectos culturales explican los resultados.
... The participants received compensation of approximately 8 USD, which was installed at approximately 4 USD before and after the diary survey. This study was approved by the research ethics review committee of Behavioral Division, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). ...
... Sleep behavior during the prior night was measured as the predictive variable every day after waking up. Following previous studies [35,36], the participants were instructed to record bedtime and waking time, and the time spent in bed between bedtime and waking time was operationalized as sleep duration. Furthermore, a prior study reported that the quantity and quality of sleep are associated with positive and negative emotions [37]; thus, we also measured sleep satisfaction. ...
... Indeed, Alfini and colleagues [26] examined the between-person association between objectively measured sleep duration and fatigue and found that people with prolonged awake time after sleep onset reported more fatigue. In contrast, the present study operationalized sleep duration as the time spent in bed from bedtime to waking time, following earlier studies [35,36]. Thus, we did not assess various aspects of sleep behavior, such as the time awake until and after sleep onset. ...
Background
Fatigue is known as an element of frailty. Sleep problems (e.g., short sleep duration and low sleep quality) can increase fatigue, but the day-to-day relationship between sleep and fatigue has not been studied well in older adults. Using a daily diary method, this study examined the within- and between-person associations between sleep and fatigue in older adults.
Methods
The study recruited 56 Japanese community dwellers (age: 82–86 years; female: 37.5%). Participants responded to a daily diary questionnaire at the end of each day. Over seven days, time in bed and satisfaction were measured after waking up, whereas fatigue was assessed before going to bed. We included person-level covariates (demographic factors, and physical and mental health) and day-level covariates (time in study, and positive and negative emotions). Multilevel models were estimated to examine within- and between-person associations.
Results
At the within-person level, on days following short and long time in bed and days following low levels of sleep satisfaction, individuals felt higher levels of fatigue compared with usual days. At the between-person level, no statistically significant differences in fatigue were observed between individuals with long and short time in bed.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that prior-day sleep is associated with next-day fatigue in older adults. Long and short sleep duration and low sleep quality can lead to fatigue. Considering that sleep is a modifiable health behavior, appropriate management of sleep behavior may reduce fatigue.
... previous studies (e.g.,Seegers et al., 2011;Vollmer et al., 2017), the participants were instructed to record bedtime and waking time, and the time spent in bed between bedtime and waking time was operationalized as sleep duration. Furthermore, a prior study reported that the quantity and quality of sleep are associated with positive and negative emotions(Mccrae et al., 2008); thus, we also measured sleep satisfaction. ...
... Indeed, Al ni et al. (2020) examined the between-person association between objectively measured sleep duration and fatigue and found that people with prolonged awake time after sleep onset reported more fatigue. In contrast, the present study operationalized sleep duration as the time spent in bed from bedtime to waking time, following earlier studies (e.g.,Seegers et al., 2011;Vollmer et al., 2017). Thus, we did not consider the time awake until and after sleep onset. ...
Background: Fatigue is known as an element of frailty. Short sleep duration increases fatigue in older adults. However, the relationship between long sleep and fatigue remains unclear. Using a daily diary method, this study examined the within- and between-person associations between sleep and fatigue in older adults.
Methods:The study recruited 56 Japanese community dwellers (age: 82–86 years; female: 37.5%). Participants responded to a daily diary questionnaire at the end of each day. Over seven days, time in bed and satisfaction were measured after waking up, whereas fatigue was assessed before going to bed. We included person-level covariates (demographic factors, and physical and mental health) and day-level covariates (time in study, and positive and negative emotions). Multilevel models were estimated to examine within- and between-person associations.
Results: At the within-person level, on days following short and long time in bed and days following low levels of sleep satisfaction, individuals felt higher levels of fatigue compared with usual days. At the between-person level, no statistically significant differences in fatigue were observed between individuals with long and short time in bed.
Conclusions:The findings suggest that prior-day sleep is associated with next-day fatigue in older adults. Long and short sleep duration and low sleep quality can lead to fatigue. Enhanced management of sleep behavior may reduce fatigue.
... Physiological, psychological, and environmental variables such as gender, body weight, chronotype, and psychological stress affect sleep quality in young people [9][10][11][12]. Recent studies revealed a significant relationship between sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep quality. ...
Background and Objective We aimed to investigate the mediating role of bedtime procrastination in the relationship between sleep effort and insomnia severity in this study.Methods We included 497 university students in this study. All the participants completed the sociodemographic data form, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS). We divided the participants into groups, according to their GSES and BPS scores, those with high-low sleep effort and those with BP (+) and BP (-), respectively. We compared the variables in these groups. Finally, we analyzed the mediating role of bedtime procrastination in the relationship between sleep effort and insomnia severity.Results The mean age of the participants was 20.41 ± 1.83 years. ISI, BPS, and DASS-21 were statistically significant in the group with high sleep effort (p < 0.01). Among the psychometric instrument scores, the highest correlation with GSES was with ISI, and then there was a statistically significant positive correlation with DASS-21. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between GSES and BPS. Bedtime procrastination played a partial mediation role in the relationship between sleep effort and insomnia severity.Conclusions Bedtime procrastination partially mediated the relationship between sleep effort and insomnia severity. Therapists should consider sleep effort and bedtime procrastination on their agenda in cognitive behavioral therapy sessions for insomnia.
... concerning young humans' self-reported research, even though few studies found no sex differences in sleep duration among adolescents, 31,32 several studies have consistently observed shorter sleep duration among female adolescents. [33][34][35][36][37] in concordance with it, other researches analyzing sleep night awakenings also concluded that females show lower sleep efficiency than males [38][39][40] more trouble falling asleep/maintaining sleep, 40 and higher daytime sleepiness. 39 it is speculated that these sleep differences between sexes could be due to the unparallel development of sexes during adolescence. ...
... concerning young humans' self-reported research, even though few studies found no sex differences in sleep duration among adolescents, 31,32 several studies have consistently observed shorter sleep duration among female adolescents. [33][34][35][36][37] in concordance with it, other researches analyzing sleep night awakenings also concluded that females show lower sleep efficiency than males [38][39][40] more trouble falling asleep/maintaining sleep, 40 and higher daytime sleepiness. 39 it is speculated that these sleep differences between sexes could be due to the unparallel development of sexes during adolescence. ...
Background:
Sleep is essential for the adolescent's health and well-being. Despite existing evidence of the positive relationship between physical activity and quality of sleep, some other factors could mediate this association. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the interaction between the level of physical activity and sleep in adolescents depending on their gender.
Methods:
A total of 12,459 subjects 11 to 19 years old (5073 male and 5016 female) reported data regarding their quality of sleep and their level of physical activity.
Results:
Better quality of sleep was reported by males regardless of the level of physical activity (d=0.25, P<0.001). Better quality of sleep was reported by active subjects (P<0.05), and it improved in both sexes as the level of physical activity was higher (P<0.001).
Conclusions:
Male adolescents have better sleep quality than females regardless of their competitive level. The higher the adolescents' physical activity level the higher the quality of sleep.
... Research has shown that many sleep problems were commonly observed, especially among evening types. Individuals with a circadian preference for evening types, for example, showed a higher prevalence of sleep insufficiency, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns than morning and intermediate types [12,13]. According to the sleep-wake regulation theory [14], a human's sleep-wake cycle is regulated by sleep homeostasis and circadian processes, and circadian dysregulation between individual internal circadian rhythm and daily activities can easily lead to sleep disruptions and complaints. ...
... Specifically, sleep hygiene awareness moderated the direct path between chronotype and sleep quality, as well as the first half path of chronotype via bedtime procrastination on the quality of sleep. These findings proposed a moderated mediation model that, on the one hand, could deepen our previous understanding of the relationship between chronotype and subjective sleep quality [1,13], and on the other, may provide some empirical evidence for the prevention and interventions on reducing bedtime procrastination behaviors and improving nighttime sleep among college students. ...
Chronotype and sleep quality have been shown to play significant roles in influencing people’s physical and mental health. The current study focuses on examining the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality among Chinese college students and exploring the mediating role of bedtime procrastination and the moderating role of sleep hygiene awareness. A sample of 2822 college students (female = 71.4%) aged between 17 and 29 years (M = 19.77, SD = 1.41) were included and completed the measures of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS) and Sleep Hygiene Awareness Scale (SHAS). The results showed that evening-type students reported the lowest sleep quality and highest levels of bedtime procrastination. In contrast, the highest sleep quality and lowest levels of bedtime procrastination were shown by morning-type, exhibiting the neither-type students’ intermediate chronotype. Bedtime procrastination partially mediated the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. Furthermore, sleep hygiene awareness moderated the direct effect of chronotype on sleep quality and the effect of chronotype in the path from chronotype to bedtime procrastination. Specifically, higher levels of sleep hygiene awareness could buffer the adverse effect of chronotype on self-reported sleep quality but bolstered the negative effect of chronotype on bedtime procrastination. Our results suggest that individuals with an evening preference are inclined to postpone their bedtime and further experience poorer sleep quality at night. Sleep hygiene awareness may serve as a protective factor for poor nocturnal sleep. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of reducing bedtime procrastination and improving sleep hygiene awareness in the interventions designed to help college students to own a better sleep quality, especially for those with evening chronotypes.
... Morning and evening type individuals were found to differ in terms of many cognitive, psychological and physiological variables. For example, morningness was found to correlate with more stable personality (DeYoung et al. 2007), greater life satisfaction (Randler 2008), better sleep quality (Vollmer et al. 2017), greater well-being (Jankowski 2015), higher positive affect (Hasler et al. 2010;Biss and Hasher 2012), and higher alertness in the morning (Demirhan et al. 2019). In contrast, eveningness was found to correlate with depression (Merikanto et al. 2015), increased substance use (Arrona-Palacios et al. 2019), being in poor general health (Fabbian et al. 2016), lower alertness values early in the day (Díaz-Morales et al. 2007), and lower quality of life (Merikanto et al. 2016). ...
Happiness, defined as the cognitive and emotional evaluations of individual's life as a whole, not only gives individuals positive emotions , but also has positive returns in many areas related to the individual's life. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the association of happiness with morningness-eveningness preference , sleep-related variables and academic performance in university students. 547 university students (80.4% female, 19.6% male) aged between 19 and 25 years participated in the study. Demographic Questionnaire, CSM and OHQ-SF were used as data collection instruments. Happiness correlated negatively with MSFsc and positively with both ME Preference and CGPA. Meanwhile, ME Preference and CGPA were associative factors of Happiness. Univariate two-way ANCOVA provided a significant two-way interaction. The pairwise comparisons indicated that M-type Achievers had higher happiness scores compared to M-type Underachievers. Similarly, E-type Achievers had higher happiness scores compared to E-type Underachievers. Meanwhile, Happiness scores of both Achievers and Underachievers significantly differed in ME Preference categories. Happiness scores of Achiever M-types differed significantly from Achiever N-types in favour of M-types. Underachiever N-types had higher happiness scores compared to Underachiever E-types. These results indicate that students' happiness scores increase depending on the increase in student's academic performance and the student's being an earlier chronotype. ARTICLE HISTORY
... There was a dose-response relationship between circadian preference and worse sleep outcomes, in which individuals with later circadian preference took longer to fall asleep and had a lower sleep efficiency, shorter sleep duration, and higher incidence of oversleeping. These observations are supported by previous studies (Roenneberg et al. 2019;Saxvig et al. 2021b;Vollmer et al. 2017). It is possible that, in an attempt to obtain enough sleep, individuals with a later circadian preference will try to fall asleep before feeling sufficiently sleepy (at night). ...
Individual preferred timing of sleep and activity patterns, known as circadian preference, ranges from definitely morning types to definitely evening types. Being an evening type has been linked to adverse sleep and mental health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between circadian preference and self-reported sleep, depression, anxiety, quality of life, loneliness, and self-harm/suicidal thoughts. Data stem from a national survey of students in higher education in Norway (the SHoT-study). All 169,572 students in Norway were invited to participate, and 59,554 students (66.5% women) accepted (response rate = 35.1%). Circadian preference was associated with sleep and mental health outcomes in a dose-response manner. For both genders, being an evening type (either definitely evening or more evening than morning) was associated with an increase in age-adjusted relative risk (RR-adjusted; range = 1.44 to 2.52 vs. 1.15 to 1.90, respectively) across all outcomes compared with definitely morning types. Overall, the present study provides further evidence that evening circadian preference is associated with adverse sleep and mental health outcomes in young adults. As such, future efforts to improve sleep and mental health in young adults should consider their circadian preferences.
