Table 1 - uploaded by Ronny Geva
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Knowledge is recently building regarding the factors that affect the development of an optimal sleep-wake cycle. Fetuses near term experience arousal fluctuations and sleep episodes already in the darkness of the womb. Yet, the factors that allow for a smooth emergence of an optimal sleep wake cycle are the conditions that place newborn at higher r...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... differences between hibernation and aestivation diapause, summarized in Table 1, give ample support for the assumption that the responses are generated by different photoperiodic measurement systems. Of all clock models published thus far (VazNunes and Saunders, 1999), only two are based on quantitative measurements and separate measuring systems. ...
Context 2
... detrimental effects as described in Table 1 can be considered to be clinical complications of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Some of these are specific as manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea whereas others may be seen in ...
Context 3
... the frequency of these occurring has not been studied in a controlled fashion, it is useful to understand the possible detrimental effects observed in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Table 1 gives some of these effects which are tabulated as physiological, neurological and social accordingly. ...
Context 4
... vocalizations and environmental sounds can be recorded on audio tapes during the same periods [19]. We carried out a sequence of behavioral observations during the day, described in Table 1, in order to determine if the behavioral expression and the rest-activity rhythm show temporal rhythmic variations, and found that there was a significant increase in affiliation behaviors along the day (F = 10.89; p = 0.00), while self-directed behaviors increased between 15:00 and 16:00, and between 17:00 and 18:00 (F = 11.78; ...
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Background:
Evolution preserves social attention due to its key role in supporting survival. Humans are attracted to social cues from infancy, but the neurobiological mechanisms for the development of social attention are unknown. An evolutionary-based, vertical-hierarchical theoretical model of self-regulation suggests that neonatal brainstem inp...
Citations
... Given the primary involvement of brainstem networks in sleep regulation, the BIAF suggests that congenital compromised brainstem functions could instigate sleep-wake dysregulations from the neonatal period. Then, it might perturb the brainstem-limbo-cortical connectivity and lead to long-term sleep deficits (Geva and Feldman, 2010;Blumberg et al., 2014). ...
... The primal sleep-wake system consists of wake-promoting loci in the reticular formation along the brainstem, including the monoaminergic locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and the cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and parabrachial nuclei; the primal GABAergic sleeppromoting structures include the nucleus pontis oralis, nucleus subcoeruleus and the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (Phillips and Robinson, 2007;Blumberg et al., 2014;Sokoloff et al., 2015). These brainstem-cerebellar hubs are highly implicated in the ultradian cyclicity of sleep-wake bouts during the first weeks of extrauterine life (Geva and Feldman, 2010). Infant sleep is marked by high rates of REM sleep that have a vital neuroprotective role and is guided by the aforementioned brainstem loci (Heraghty et al., 2008). ...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have long-term implications on functioning at multiple levels. In this perspective, we offer a brainstem-informed autism framework (BIAF) that traces the protracted neurobehavioral manifestations of ASD to early life brainstem dysfunctions. Early life brainstem-mediated markers involving functions of autonomic/arousal regulation, sleep-wake homeostasis, and sensorimotor integration are delineated. Their possible contributions to the early identification of susceptible infants are discussed. We suggest that the BIAF expands our multidimensional understanding of ASD by focusing on the early involvement of brainstem systems. Importantly, we propose an integrated BIAF screener that brings about the prospect of a sensitive and reliable early life diagnostic scheme for weighing the risk for ASD. The BIAF screener could provide clinicians substantial gains in the future and may carve customized interventions long before the current DSM ASD phenotype is manifested using dyadic co-regulation of brainstem-informed autism markers.
... Sleep-wake rhythms serve as a basis for arousal modulation (Geva & Feldman, 2008a) through noradrenergic, serotonergic, and histaminergic networks to promote sleep and wakefulness (Aston- Jones, Chen, Zhu, & Oshinsky, 2001). The ascending noradrenergic system is thought to be involved in the attainment of physiological and psychological states of wakefulness and/or reactivity to internal vital cues (Sawaguchi, Franco, Groswasser, & Kahn, 2003) and enables anticipatory readiness to external stimuli (Colombo, 2001). ...
... Sleep-wake rhythms serve as a basis for arousal modulation (Geva & Feldman, 2008a) through noradrenergic, serotonergic, and histaminergic networks to promote sleep and wakefulness (Aston- Jones, Chen, Zhu, & Oshinsky, 2001). The ascending noradrenergic system is thought to be involved in the attainment of physiological and psychological states of wakefulness and/or reactivity to internal vital cues (Sawaguchi, Franco, Groswasser, & Kahn, 2003) and enables anticipatory readiness to external stimuli (Colombo, 2001). ...
Objective: Children with sleep disorders tend to experience attention problems, yet little is known about the relationship between sleep and attention in early development. This prospective follow-up study investigated the longitudinal relationships between neonatal sleep, attention, and distraction in infants born preterm. Method: We used actigraphy and sleep-wake diaries in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU, N = 65), attention orienting in a visual-recognition-memory task (VRM) at age 4 months, and structured observation of attention and distractibility at age 18 months. Results: Infants with poorer neonatal sleep (n = 31) exhibited longer first gaze durations in the VRM at 4 months and longer distraction episodes at 18 months relative to neonatal controls who slept well (p < .01). Hierarchical regression models support relations between neonatal sleep and gaze behavior at 4 months and distractibility at 18 months; moreover, alterations in orienting attention at 4 months predicted the likelihood of being distracted during the second year of life. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of early sleep-wake and attention regulation in the development of distraction in infants born preterm.
