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Dietelia cardiospermi (ZT Myc 949). a Section through young telium still covered by host epidermis ( ed ) and cellular peridium ( pd ). bar 50 μ m. b Section through telium showing teliospore chains with teliospores and intercalary cells ( arrows ). c Teliospores and basidia scraped from mature telium, partly hidden by debris. Bar 20 μ m
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This paper presents new species, combinations, national reports and host records for the South African rust fungi (Uredinales/Pucciniales).
Endophyllum mpenjatiense on cf. Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae), Phakopsora combretorum (anamorph Uredo combreticola) on the new host Combretum apiculatum (Combretaceae) and Uredo sekhukhunensis on Ziziphus mucronata...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... no. 3608, Jun 1939 (PREM 32724. II). D'Nyala Nature Reserve, Ellisras, leg. M. van Reenen no. 2/1, 28 Sep 1989 (PREM 50573. II). Mpumalanga: Burgersfort, leg. LCC Liebenberg no. 6215, May 1959 (PREM 41983. II). Lowveld Botanical Garden, Nelspruit, leg. M. van Reenen no. 5/11, 26 Apr 1990 (PREM 50576. II). Berg-en- Uredo sekhukhunensis ( Fig. 9) differs from Crossopsora ziziphi that has shorter, slightly asymmetrical urediniospores with three more or less equatorial germ pores and uredinia with straight thin-walled paraphyses. Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris differs in smaller urediniospores and uredinia of Milesia-type; the uredinial stage of the Indian Kuehneola ziziphi ...
Citations
... Various of the 10 indigenous species have a disjunct distribution between the temperate Northern Hemisphere and South Africa, including Milesina blechni and Thekopsora agrimoniae. Each of these has an expanded host range in South Africa, infecting plant genera that are not hosts in their native range, namely, Rumohra (Dryopteridaceae) (Berndt 2008b) and Cliffortia and Leucosidea (Berndt and Wood 2012), respectively. These may demonstrate a means of speciation amongst rust fungi when penetrating into new geographic ranges, i.e., jumping to new hosts that are similar to their original host and which do not have specific resistance mechanisms in place (new associations). ...
... Several of these species produce multiple generations of aecia during the year, suggesting that they either are asexual species or have a parasexual life history (the exception being A. transvaaliae). ( Originally identified as Crossopsora ziziphi (Doidge 1927), the type species of this genus (Sydow and Sydow 1918), Berndt and Wood (2012) separated these two species based on slight differences in size and that C. sekhukhunenensis had apparently 5-6 germ pores compared with 3 in C. ziziphi. A phylogenetic comparison between authentic C. ziziphi and South African material will clarify as to whether the South African taxon is a distinct species or a geographic variant. ...
... A phylogenetic comparison between authentic C. ziziphi and South African material will clarify as to whether the South African taxon is a distinct species or a geographic variant. Elsewhere in Africa, C. ziziphi is known from Uganda (Gjaerum 1998) and Zambia (Berndt and Wood 2012) (2015) resolved a monophyletic clade sister to the Pucciniaceae, which is also resolved in this study (FIG. 6). ...
... B. aus der ehem. UdSSR (Ul´janiščev 1978), Japan (Hiratsuka et al. 1992), Südafrika (Berndt & Wood 2012) oder Indien (Khan & Shabana 2006 ...
2021) Noteworthy records of phytopathogenic micromycetes (16). Zeitschrift für Mykologie 87(2):229-329. Abstract: Some interesting records of plant parasitic microfungi of the Erysiphaceae, Pero-nosporomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina and anamorphic Ascomycetes collected in Germany and Austria are reported. A record of Entyloma on Scorzonera hispanica belongs to a new species that has not yet been described. The plant species was not known as a host for the genus Entyloma before. The North American Microbotryum alsines was found for the first time in Europe on Stellaria media. A record of Erysiphe syringae on Fraxinus pennsylvanica is the first record of this powdery mildew on the genus Fraxinus in Europe. The host species is a matrix nova for this fungus. Puccinia scirpi was rediscovered in Germany after 80 years on Nymphoi-des peltata. Exobasidium schinzianum on Saxifraga rotundifolia, Peronospora ruegeriae on Onobry-chis viciifolia and Urocystis bolivarii on Lolium perenne are reported as new for Germany. Three recorded host species are matrices novae: Cornus mas for Erysiphe pulchra, Eutrema japonicum for Erysiphe cruciferarum and Origanum vulgare for Peronospora stigmaticola. In addition other interesting records are listed, including formerly unknown host species in Germany, e. g.
... It is unknown whether gametothalli occur on an alternate host, or whether these species are autoecious. Sporothalli have been described for a few Phakopsora species, i.e., P. breyniae, P. innata, P. phyllanthidiscoidei, and P. stratosa, which are all autoecious (Berndt & Wood 2012, Ono 2015b), although it is unclear whether these should be retained in Phakopsora s.s. or are allied with one of the segregate ex-Phakopsora genera. Description: Spermogonia Group VI (type 5 or 7); aecia uredo-(rarely aecidium-, caeoma-, or lecythea-) type; uredinia uredotype. ...
The rust fungi ( Pucciniales ) with 7000+ species comprise one of the largest orders of Fungi , and one for which taxonomy at all ranks remains problematic. Here we provide a taxonomic framework, based on 16 years of sampling that includes ca . 80 % of accepted genera including type species wherever possible, and three DNA loci used to resolve the deeper nodes of the rust fungus tree of life. Pucciniales are comprised of seven suborders – Araucariomycetineae subord. nov. , Melampsorineae , Mikronegeriineae , Raveneliineae subord. nov. , Rogerpetersoniineae subord. nov. , Skierkineae subord. nov. , and Uredinineae – and 18 families – Araucariomycetaceae fam. nov. , Coleosporiaceae , Crossopsoraceae fam. nov. , Gymnosporangiaceae , Melampsoraceae , Milesinaceae fam. nov. , Ochropsoraceae fam. & stat. nov. , Phakopsoraceae , Phragmidiaceae , Pileolariaceae , Pucciniaceae , Pucciniastraceae , Raveneliaceae , Rogerpetersoniaceae fam. nov. , Skierkaceae fam. & stat. nov. , Sphaerophragmiaceae , Tranzscheliaceae fam. & stat. nov. , and Zaghouaniaceae . The new genera Araucariomyces (for Aecidium fragiforme and Ae. balansae ), Neoolivea (for Olivea tectonae ), Rogerpetersonia (for Caeoma torreyae ), and Rossmanomyces (for Chrysomyxa monesis , Ch. pryrolae , and Ch. ramischiae ) are proposed. Twenty-one new combinations and one new name are introduced for: Angiopsora apoda , Angiopsora chusqueae , Angiopsora paspalicola , Araucariomyces balansae , Araucariomyces fragiformis , Cephalotelium evansii , Cephalotelium neocaledoniense , Cephalotelium xanthophloeae , Ceropsora weirii , Gymnotelium speciosum , Lipocystis acaciae-pennatulae , Neoolivea tectonae , Neophysopella kraunhiae , Phakopsora pipturi , Rogerpetersonia torreyae , Rossmanomyces monesis , Rossmanomyces pryrolae , Rossmanomyces ramischiae , Thekopsora americana , Thekopsora potentillae , Thekopsora pseudoagrimoniae , and Zaghouania notelaeae . Higher ranks are newly defined with consideration of morphology, host range and life cycle. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary and diversification trends within Pucciniales .
... The autoecious P. zizyphi-vulgaris occurs on both cultivated (Fig. 2d) and wild (Fig. 2e) forms of Ziziphus spp. (Hiratsuka, 1936;Mundkur, 1943;Verma et al., 1983;Berndt & Wood, 2012;Li et al., 2012a,b;K. Dhileepan, personal observations in India and Sri Lanka). ...
The tropical fruit tree, Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), a native of the Indian subcontinent, is a pasture and environmental weed in northern Australia and Fiji. In their native range, Ziziphus spp., including commercially cultivated Z. mauritiana and Z. jujuba, are subjected to a wide range of pests and diseases. The feasibility of classical biological control of this weed has not been explored to date. Effective biological control could reduce plant vigour and seed output, thereby limiting the spread of Z. mauritiana in Australia. Two Ziziphus species are native to Australia, hence, any prospective biological control agent should be specific to Z. mauritiana. Opportunistic field surveys and literature searches identified 133 species of phytophagous insects, 9 species of phytophagous mites and 12 plant pathogens on Ziziphus spp. Host records suggest the following are possibly specific to Z. mauritiana and hence are prospective biological control agents in Australia: the seed-feeding weevil Aubeus himalayanus; the leaf-feeding gracillariid moth Phyllonorycter iochrysis; the leaf-mining chrysomelid beetle Platypria erinaceus; the leaf-folding crambid moth Synclera univocalis; the leaf-galling midge Phyllodiplosis jujubae; and the gall-mites Aceria cernuus and Larvacarus transitans. Host range of the rust Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris includes many Ziziphus species, including the native Z. oenoplia and hence would not be a suitable biological control agent in Australia. The powdery mildew Pseudoidium ziziphi, with a host range restricted to Ziziphus species, has not been reported on Z. oenoplia. All available information on the pests and diseases of Z. mauritiana are from cultivated varieties. Hence, future surveys should focus on wild Z. mauritiana in the Indian subcontinent in areas that are climatically similar to the regions of northern Australia, where it is currently most abundant.
... Comments -Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris has been previously reported on Ziziphus jujuba from different regions of Pakistan (Ahmad 1956, Hasnain et al. 1959, Iqbal & Khalid 1996, Ahmad et al. 1997) and on Z. oxyphylla from Chakwal and Kallar Kahar (Kaneko 1993, Ahmad et al. 1997. Berndt & Wood (2012) recorded Z. spina-christi as a host of P. ziziphi-vulgaris in Israel. Here, Z. spina-christi is newly recorded from Pakistan as a host of P. ziziphi-vulgaris, and Z. oxyphylla represents a new host from the Islamabad region, Punjab. ...
Uredopeltis chevalieri on Grewia optiva and on G. tenax are new host records; Cerotelium fici on Broussonetia papyrifera and Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris on Ziziphus spina-christi are new host records for Pakistan; and within Pakistan P. ziziphi-vulgaris on Ziziphus oxyphylla is a new host record for the Islamabad region. An additional collection of Phragmidium rosae-moschatae on Rosa centifolia from Pakistan is described and illustrated.
... These novelties were from 41 different genera, ten of which represent new genera, and therefore entirely new genetic lineages. Most of the new rust fungi species were described in the genera Puccinia (66 new species; Abbasi et al. 2002;Abbasi and Darvishnia 2015;Afshan and Khalid 2008Aliabadi and Abbasi 2012;Bahcecioglu andGjaerum 2003, 2004;Bahcecioglu et al. 2005Bahcecioglu et al. , 2009Berndt 2007Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2010Berndt , 2013aBerndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Hüseyin and Kirbag 2003;Iqbal et al. 2009;Kabaktepe 2015;Khalid and Afshan 2009;Kirbag et al. 2001Kirbag et al. , 2011Liu and Hambleton 2012;McKenzie 2008;McKenzie and Johnston 2004;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Okane et al. 2014;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2008;Sotao et al. 2007;Thaung 2011;Wei 2001, 2011), Uromyces (28 new species ;Agarwal 2003;Bahcecioglu 2014;Bahcecıoglu and Gjaerum 2004;Berndt 2002aBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2013bBerndt and Baiswar 2009;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt et al. 2007;Doungsaard et al. 2014;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2014;Rezende and Dianese 2003;Thaung 2009;Walker and van der Merwe 2009;Wood and Scholler 2005;Zhuang and Wei 2003), Uredo (16 new species ;Berndt 2002bBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2007;Cao et al. 2000;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Wei 2011, 2012), Prospodium (12 new species; Berndt 2002b; Berndt et al. 2007;de Carvalho and Hennen 2010), and Phakopsora (11 new species; Bagyanarayana et al. 2001;Beenken 2014;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2008;Ferreiea et al. 2001;Maier et al. 2015;Ono 2000;Ono et al. 2012;Ritschel et al. 2007). Interestingly, species descriptions for rust genera follow the same trend as was seen for classes, i.e. the most species-rich genera (Puccinia, Uredo, and Uromyces) had the highest number of new species discovered. ...
... These novelties were from 41 different genera, ten of which represent new genera, and therefore entirely new genetic lineages. Most of the new rust fungi species were described in the genera Puccinia (66 new species; Abbasi et al. 2002;Abbasi and Darvishnia 2015;Afshan and Khalid 2008Aliabadi and Abbasi 2012;Bahcecioglu andGjaerum 2003, 2004;Bahcecioglu et al. 2005Bahcecioglu et al. , 2009Berndt 2007Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2010Berndt , 2013aBerndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Hüseyin and Kirbag 2003;Iqbal et al. 2009;Kabaktepe 2015;Khalid and Afshan 2009;Kirbag et al. 2001Kirbag et al. , 2011Liu and Hambleton 2012;McKenzie 2008;McKenzie and Johnston 2004;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Okane et al. 2014;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2008;Sotao et al. 2007;Thaung 2011;Wei 2001, 2011), Uromyces (28 new species ;Agarwal 2003;Bahcecioglu 2014;Bahcecıoglu and Gjaerum 2004;Berndt 2002aBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt , 2013bBerndt and Baiswar 2009;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt et al. 2007;Doungsaard et al. 2014;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Perdomo-Sanchez and Piepenbring 2014;Rezende and Dianese 2003;Thaung 2009;Walker and van der Merwe 2009;Wood and Scholler 2005;Zhuang and Wei 2003), Uredo (16 new species ;Berndt 2002bBerndt , 2004Berndt , 2009Berndt and Freire 2004;Berndt and Uhlmann 2006;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2007;Cao et al. 2000;Hernandez et al. 2005;Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Wei 2011, 2012), Prospodium (12 new species; Berndt 2002b; Berndt et al. 2007;de Carvalho and Hennen 2010), and Phakopsora (11 new species; Bagyanarayana et al. 2001;Beenken 2014;Berndt and Wood 2012;Berndt et al. 2008;Ferreiea et al. 2001;Maier et al. 2015;Ono 2000;Ono et al. 2012;Ritschel et al. 2007). Interestingly, species descriptions for rust genera follow the same trend as was seen for classes, i.e. the most species-rich genera (Puccinia, Uredo, and Uromyces) had the highest number of new species discovered. ...
... The studies in Africa have also been greatly biased towards the rust fungi with 43 new rusts described mostly from South Africa (e.g. Berndt and Wood 2012;Wood and Crous 2005). In Europe, a more even distribution was seen between the new species of Pucciniomycotina with 21 yeasts, 20 rusts, six anther smuts, and four hyphal microfungi (e.g. ...
Pucciniomycotina, one of the three subphyla of Basidiomycota, contains a range of microfungi from various habitats and with different lifestyles. In addition to familiar plant pathogenic rusts and anther smuts, the group also contains saprobic and pathogenic yeasts, minute sporocarp-forming fungi, and anamorphic moulds among others. Our knowledge of this group is still improving; over the last 16 years alone, researchers have described 375 new species of Pucciniomycotina, most of which were isolated from less documented areas such as Asia, South America, and Africa. While the majority of these new species belong to the species-rich rust fungi (Pucciniales), exploration in extreme environments such as deep-sea sediments and psychrophilic habitats is uncovering a variety of Pucciniomycotina species, especially yeasts. Molecular phylogenetic studies have greatly improved our understanding of the relationships between these taxa over the last 10 years. As presently circumscribed, the subphylum contains nine classes and 20 orders, the relatedness for most of which was not suspected until recently. Genomic data from members of the subphylum have been scarce but increasing over the last 5 years. We now know, for example, that Pucciniomycotina contains both fungi with the largest known genomes (rust fungi, up to 900 Mb) as well as a fungus with the smallest genome in Basidiomycota (Mixia osmundae, 13 Mb). This chapter discusses these latest developments in Pucciniomycotina research and highlights some challenges still to overcome in order to improve our understanding of this enigmatic group of fungi.
... Veldtgrass was first reported in California in 1929, and known to have been imported as seed from Australia (Love 1948, cited in Pickart 2000. None of the other known co-evolved pathogens of Ehrharta calycina, including Ustilago sladenii (Vánky 2012), and Uromyces quaggafonteinus (Mennicken and Oberwinkler 2004;Berndt and Wood 2012) have reached Australia and California. This may imply that the introduction of Tilletia ehrhartae to Australia had been realized via infected seeds and occurred much earlier than 1981. ...
Tilletia ehrhartae, a smut fungus infecting perennial veldtgrass Ehrharta calycina, is epitypified and characterized using the Consolidated Species Concept, including morphology, ecology (host plant) and rDNA sequences (ITS and LSU). Tilletia ehrhartae is native and endemic to the Cape Floral Kingdom (located entirely in South Africa), but it has also been introduced to the alien artificial range of Ehrharta calycina in Australia and California. This smut has already caused some biosecurity problems in Australia as its spores were found to contaminate harvested wheat seeds, leading to confusion with Karnal bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia indica (which is absent in Australia), and therefore constituting a potential risk for Australian wheat export. The current global distribution of Tilletia ehrhartae, possible colonization history, and potential for nature conservation, biosecurity and biocontrol are discussed. The sequences generated in this work could serve as DNA barcodes to facilitate rapid identification of this important species.
Uromyces is the second-largest plant pathogenic rust genus, is responsible for numerous diseases, and has major effects on both agricultural and non-agricultural plants. The genus is generally characterized by its unicellular teliospores that help to characterize it and distinguish it from another important rust genus, Puccinia. In this study, a global overview of the diversity and distribution of Uromyces is presented based on both online and offline resources. The information obtained was analyzed for numerical and graphical summaries to provide the diversity and distribution of the genus by country and continent. Besides this, broad taxonomical aspects, a brief life cycle, and other comparative aspects on diversity and distribution were also provided. In addition, a phy-logenetic analysis based on the ITS and nLSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and published literature was performed to examine the intergeneric relationships of Uromyces. The results obtained revealed that the rust genus is found distributed over 150 countries, territories, and occu-pancies of the world on around 647 plant genera belonging to 95 plant families. Phylogenetic studies based on LSU and ITS sequence data revealed that Uromyces species are polyphyletic and require more DNA-based analyses for a better understanding of their taxonomic placement.
Three poorly known species of Ravenelia with limited geographic distribution and one widespread species parasitizing leguminous trees (Fabaceae) were newly found in Thailand. Ravenelia odoratissimae occurred on Albizia odoratissima; R. ornata on Abrus pulchellus, Ab. precatorius, and Abrus sp.; R. parasnathii on Acacia comosa and an unidentified Acacia species; and R. tandonii on Acacia catechu. Acacia comosa is a new host for R. parasnathii. Detailed morphological study revealed that R. odoratissimae produces a uredinial stage in addition to a telial stage in its life cycle.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
