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Dietary intakes of food groups compared with the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP), stratified by age group, among 861 European girls, aged 12?5-17?5 years from the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescents) Study
Source publication
Since inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are not only linked with the occurrence of obesity in youth but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases in adulthood, the establishment and maintenance of a healthy diet early in life is of great public health importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to descri...
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Subjects/methods:
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Background/objectives:
The Dutch guidelines for a healthy diet aim to reduce major chronic diseases. However, supporting evidence on their overall association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality is limited. Recently, the Dutch Healthy Diet-index (DHD-index) has been developed to assess adherence to these guidelines. The aim was to examine...
Citations
... Table 2. Descriptive statistics of usual daily intakes of food groups among female adolescents aged 10-17 years in the SI.Menu study. Dairy products (yogurt, cheese, milk, cream) (g/day) 64 Note: * Habitual intake of eggs calculated from 2 × 24 HDRs. ** Data for nuts and seeds. ...
... Milk and dairy products represent an important source of proteins and specific micronutrients, particularly calcium [61][62][63]. In comparative terms, the adolescents in our study on average consumed less milk than their peers in Ireland [42], and similar to our findings, a higher rate of meeting milk intake recommendations in males was also observed in the HELENA study [64]. Findings from cross-sectional studies and longitudinal data suggest that the milk consumption trend decreases with age [65,66]. ...
Background: The SI.Menu study offers the latest data on the dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess their dietary intake (energy and nutrients) and compare their food intakes with dietary recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets. Methods: The cross-sectional epidemiological dietary study SI.Menu (March 2017–April 2018) was conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (n = 468) (230 males and 238 females). Data on dietary intake were gathered through two non-consecutive 24 h recalls, in line with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) EU Menu methodology. The repeated 24 h Dietary Recall (HDR) and Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ) data were combined to determine the usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, using the Multiple Source Method (MSM) program. Results: Adolescents’ diets significantly deviate from dietary recommendations, lacking vegetables, milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds, legumes, and water, while containing excessive meat (especially red meat) and high-sugar foods. This results in insufficient intake of dietary fibre, and nutrients such as vitamin D, folate, and calcium. Conclusions: The dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents does not meet healthy and sustainable diet recommendations. This study provides an important insight into the dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents that could be useful for future public health strategies.
... The recently updated Nordic Nutrition Recommendations for 2023 advocate an even higher daily consumption of at least 500 to 800 g of vegetables, fruits, and berries, with half of the consumption coming from vegetables (20). Unfortunately, data from many countries, including Finland shows non-compliance (21)(22)(23)(24). In Finland, for example, only 14% of men and 22% of women met the current national recommendation of consuming a minimum of 500 g of vegetables, fruits, and berries per day (25,26). ...
Introduction
Sleep and diet are crucial determinants of overall health and wellbeing, with the potential to mutually influence each other. This study examined the association between sleep duration and fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption among Finnish adults.
Methods
The study analyzed data from the National FinHealth 2017 Study involving 5,043 adults aged 18 years and above. Participants reported their habitual sleep duration, and dietary consumption through a validated self-administered questionnaire. Confounders such as demographic, socio-economic factors, and chronotype were considered. A sensitivity analysis, which excluded energy under-reporters, was conducted to validate the findings.
Results
Mean dietary consumption was compared across three sleep duration categories (short, normal, long), revealing that short sleepers consumed 37 g/d fewer FV, and long sleepers consumed 73 g/d fewer FV than normal sleepers. Binary logistic regression analyses consistently demonstrated significant negative association between FV consumption and both short and long sleep duration across all models, even when adjusted for a range of covariates. Linear regression analyses revealed a positive but non-significant association between sleep duration and FV consumption that became significant when excluding energy under-reporters, particularly in model 1.
Discussion
This study suggests a consistent pattern where deviation from normal sleep duration was associated with decreased FV consumption, suggesting the need for considering sleep patterns in dietary intervention. The substantial role of accurate energy reporting in explaining these associations is highlighted. Further research, including longitudinal studies, is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
... The necessity of formulating diet structure schemes beneficial to population health and minimal environmental burden is self-evident. To address the nutritional deficiencies or imbalances caused by diet, some countries have developed food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) that aim to guide the general public toward healthy eating habits and improve their nutrition knowledge (Diethelm et al., 2012;Herforth et al., 2019). However, more than half of the world's countries have not issued dietary guidelines, and even in countries that have, some guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for food intake quantities, which limits their effect. ...
Malnutrition and nutritional imbalances resulting from a poor diet are common worldwide. Here, we present a diet structure optimization model aimed at improving the nutritional levels, while keeping the optimized diet affordable and acceptable. We optimized the current diet of 181 countries by incorporating ten major food groups. A simple diet adjustment could increase the nutritional levels by up to 11.9 % and significantly address the existing nutrient imbalances. The optimized diet is environmentally friendly, reducing the total land use and greenhouse gas emissions by 11.8 % and 8.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, compromising on some nutritional improvements could yield greater environmental benefits, which could result in 17.1 %, and 12.7 % reductions in total land use and greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Moreover, a 28.4 % diet cost increase can lead to a maximum of 9.7 % greater nutritional improvement than the optimal increase of constant cost. We provide a global diet optimization strategy that improves both human nutrition and sustainability.
... Another important factor that contributes to protect against overweight, obesity and other noncommunicable diseases is a healthy diet (4). COSI data has previously found that most countries indicate that childreńs level of fruit and vegetable consumption in the WHO European Region is still poor (7)(8)(9), while sugar intake is too high, with children commonly consuming more than 10% of their daily calories from added sugars (8)(9)(10). ...
... Another important factor that contributes to protect against overweight, obesity and other noncommunicable diseases is a healthy diet (4). COSI data has previously found that most countries indicate that childreńs level of fruit and vegetable consumption in the WHO European Region is still poor (7)(8)(9), while sugar intake is too high, with children commonly consuming more than 10% of their daily calories from added sugars (8)(9)(10). ...
Introduction
Noncommunicable diseases and obesity are between the major health threat due to consumption of unhealthy foods and limited time spent on physical activities, a situation of particular concern among children. Since children spend most of their time at school, this study intends to investigate the effect of a school intervention program, which combines recreational football and nutrition education, on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, blood pressure and heart rate, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status in elementary school children.
Methods
A total of 67 children, between 7 and 10 years old, were allocated into three groups: the Football Group (FG) which held 2 weekly sessions of 60 min of recreational football, the Nutrition and Football Group (NFG) which held 2 sessions per week of 60 min of recreational football plus 60 min of nutritional education and the Control Group (CG) which maintained its usual curriculum. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All measurements were collected before and after the intervention.
Results
Intervention groups significantly ( p < 0.05) improved BMI Z-score, rest heart rate, horizontal jump and shuttle test, physical activity level, and psychosocial health. The NFG group significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure, and significantly increased ( p < 0.05) nutritional knowledge, fruit, and fish consumption. While FG significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) the percentage of fat mass and significantly increased ( p < 0.05) muscle mass and performance in the 20 m sprint.
Discussion
The results have shown to improve nutritional status, explosive strength, aerobic and neuromuscular fitness, as well as increase the level of physical activity. The nutritional education sessions contributed to increase nutritional knowledge and to improve the consumption of healthy food groups in a ludic-educational way. The “Football and Nutrition for Health” program was able to induce short-term improvements in several health markers, highlighting the role of the school curriculum in children's health.
... Studies demonstrate that most adolescents do not meet the recommended daily portions of preferred food groups such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, fish, and vegetable oils [2,[4][5][6]. Malnutrition related to certain micronutrients (most commonly folate, vitamin D, calcium, and iron) is therefore a common issue in this population in developed countries [7][8][9], despite a generally large availability and diversity of food, and thus a high possibility for maintaining a high-quality diet. ...
... Although several studies have examined either the overall diet of general population of adolescents [2,[4][5][6]17] or their micronutrient intake from food and/or DS [18,19], there have been few studies in adolescents so far examining these factors together [20,9]). To our knowledge, no study in Slovenia has so far examined micronutrient intake from all sources (food + DS) in relation to different food groups consumption. ...
Objective
Present study aimed to assess potential health risk in Slovenian adolescents due to inadequate diet and/or dietary supplement (DS) use.
Methods
Data on DS use, micronutrient intake (24-h recall), eating habits (FFQ), body height and mass were collected within ACDSi (Analysis of Children’s Development in Slovenia) cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. Adolescents enrolled in first year of 15 secondary schools (average (SD) age: 15.4 (0.7) years, N = 342) were included in the sample.
Results
Adolescents’ use of DS (especially multivitamins ingested as a popular drink (60%), magnesium (16%), and vitamin C (10%)) significantly contributed to their absolute intake of vitamins/minerals, resulting in higher percentage of DS users meeting reference values proposed by the nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (D-A-CH recommendation). Simultaneously, DS users did not exceed the upper tolerable level proposed by the European Food Safety Authority for daily intake. With diet alone, adolescents consumed less than recommended amounts of the following vitamins/minerals: the intake was lowest for fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E; water-soluble vitamins folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid; and minerals fluoride, iodine, chromium, and molybdenum. Suboptimal intake was due to the fact that around ¾ of adolescents consumed less than 54% of the recommended amounts (according to Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) recommendations) for fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, fish, and cereals/cereal products. In contrast, the diet contributed to the consumption of 200–300% of D-A-CH minimum value for sodium. Furthermore, almost ¾ of adolescents exceeded the recommended amount for meat/meat products (320% of OMD) and sweet/salty snacks (453% of OMD).
Conclusions
Although DS use improved micronutrient intake in adolescents (especially vitamin C and magnesium), activities on public-health interventions should be focus to improve their diets, especially to achieve increased intakes of fruits, vegetables, cereals/cereal products and milk/dairy products, and to reduce consumption of sweet/salty snacks and meat products.
... Recent research surveys show that children consume less fruits and vegetables, more energy-dense foods and an inadequately high intake of foods with low nutritional value (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Such unhealthy dietary behaviours are main predictors of metabolic impairment later in life (11,12) . ...
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the Ajyal Salima school intervention on nutrition and physical activity outcomes in children aged 9–11 years.
Design:
The study was a 1-year cluster-randomised controlled trial. Ajyal Salima used a multi-component approach including classroom activities, family programme and food service adaptation. Outcomes included daily intake of breakfast, frequency of healthy and unhealthy food consumption, frequency of physical activity, knowledge score and self-efficacy score. Intervention and control groups were compared for all main outcomes and a post-intervention qualitative evaluation assessed strengths and limitations of the intervention components.
Setting:
Schools in five countries – Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.
Participants:
Schools were selected by Ministries of Health and Education within their jurisdictions. Forty-five intervention schools (6052 students) and forty-six control schools (6200 students) were included in the analysis.
Results:
The intervention group had a significantly higher odds of consuming breakfast daily (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·35, 1·90), consuming healthy foods (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·39, 1·84) and a decreased odds of consuming unhealthy foods and sweetened beverages (OR, 95 % CI = 0·70, 0·60, 0·81). Additionally, school children in the intervention group, as compared with the control group, were 47 % more likely to exercise outside school hours (OR 95 % CI = 1·47, 1·23, 1·76). Lastly, children in the intervention group had a significantly improved nutritional knowledge score and improved self-efficacy by 1·3 score unit and 1·1 score unit, respectively.
Conclusions:
The Ajyal Salima intervention led to significant improvements in dietary and physical activity habits among school children and increased nutritional knowledge scores.
... After all, usually, parents prepare breakfast for high school students and make sure they eat it. These results were consistent with those of Portuguese teenagers in many school years, who also did not skip breakfast [38], but contradictory to the results of Polish studies indicating skipping breakfast by teenagers, especially those not engaged in physical activity [39][40][41]. Other Polish research showed the same trend of skipping breakfast by adult Poles [42]. ...
The aim of the study was to show the differences in healthy lifestyle and healthy food choices between high school and college students. The study was conducted in the Lublin region, Poland, with a group of 200 high school and college students using purposive sampling with the following four subgroups of 50 students, broken down by gender and type of school. Respondents completed a questionnaire concerning healthy lifestyle, healthy food choices, and barriers preventing a healthy lifestyle. Using discriminant analysis, the factors and barriers to practicing a healthy lifestyle and the factors of healthy food choices were identified by the respondent group and by gender. A multidimensional exploratory technique was also used to interpret the results. The surveyed high school and college students were not very committed to practicing a healthy lifestyle. Multidimensional exploratory technique was also used to interpret the lifestyle and healthy food choices questions. There was variation between the attitudes of college and high school students toward a healthy lifestyle. High school students paid more attention to physical activity and eating breakfast than did college students. On the other hand, college students, at a greater level than high school students, ate a healthy diet and checked the composition of the products they consumed, including the presence of preservatives and artificial additives, and the expiration date of the products. The main barriers to practicing a healthy lifestyle were, for college students, a lack of time and, for high school students, a lack of healthy food offerings in high school canteens.
... To prevent non-communicable diseases, the recommended population goal from the World Health Organization is to eat at least 400 g/day (4), and in Sweden the recommendation is to eat at least 500 g/day of VF. However, few children and adolescents reach that recommendation (5)(6)(7)(8); vegetable intake is especially low (9,10). ...
... 4 The BMI cut offs are age and sex specific and were applied for each individual according to the International Obesity Task Force and linked to the definition of overweight at 18 years of age (BMI 25-30) and obesity (BMI 30) (33). 5 Chi 2 -test. 6 Median [p25; p75] (all similar numbers). ...
Background:
An increased intake of vegetable and fruit (VF) through school meals can contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate what types of VF 4th grade pupils (10-11 years old) choose, how much they eat when they are given the opportunity to serve themselves from the daily vegetable buffet available at lunch, and whether this varies with socioeconomic background and gender.
Design:
A cross-sectional study design was used where pupils' VF intake was measured during 5 days with a photographic method. In total, 196 pupils from nine public schools participated.
Results:
The results show that pupils on average ate less than one type of VF per day from the vegetable buffet. Girls, pupils with a higher socio-economic status (SES) and those with a more frequent VF intake at home, ate more types of VF per day from the vegetable buffet than their counterparts. The median intake of VF from the vegetable buffet was generally low, 20.4 g/day. The intake was two thirds higher for pupils with higher SES in comparison with pupils with lower SES; 25 g/day versus14 g/day (P = 0.001). No gender differences in grams per day of VF were identified (P = 0.123).
Discussion:
This study indicates that a well-stocked vegetable buffet as part of government-funded school lunch does not automatically contribute substantially to the recommended daily intake of VF among a sample of 4th grade pupils in a high-income country like Sweden.
Conclusions:
The results of the study can be interpreted as a missed opportunity to increase the intentional consumption of VF among pupils in a way that would have implications for public health as well as attenuating differences between socioeconomic groups.
... The average intake of vitamin D in boys of the same age ranged from 1.9 µg/day in France to 4.8 µg/day in Poland [30]. In addition, the HELENA study, which was conducted in 2012, stated that the intake of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and copper in adolescents of both genders was adequate, while the intake of sodium was even five times higher than recommended [12]. In our research, it is notable that girls (users and non-users) in both age groups, to the greatest extent, did not meet the recommended intake of iron and calcium (according to USDA recommendations), while boys (users and non-users), to the greatest extent, did not meet the recommended intake of calcium and zinc (according to USDA recommendations). ...
... It is evident from the research that our respondents, regardless of whether they were dietary supplement users or non-users, in both genders and both age groups, did not meet this intake. In fact, the intake was almost twice less than the recommended amount, which is in accordance with the HELENA study conducted on adolescents in Europe, where it was confirmed that adolescents ate only half of the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables [12]. Inadequate fruit consumption seems to be reported among adolescents on a global level [32]. ...
Dietary supplement users tend to have a better diet quality and overall prudent lifestyle. The main goals of this research were to report the prevalence and type of dietary supplements among Croatian adolescents and to examine the differences in the diet quality among dietary supplement users vs. non-users at the beginning (15/16 y) and at the end of high school education (18/19 y). This research is based on results of the longitudinal CRO-PALS study in which 607 adolescents participated, who had complete dietary, anthropometric, and physical activity data at the beginning (15/16 y) and at the end of their high school education (18/19 y). The dietary assessment method used was a single multi-pass 24 h recall. Dietary supplement users were divided into two groups for the purposes of statistical analysis-users of vitamin and multivitamin preparations (VMV) and users of mineral and multivitamin preparations (MMV). As they aged, there was an increase in the consumption of dietary supplements, and the most frequently used preparation in both age groups was vitamin C (23.7% of users). Dietary supplement users had a higher intake of non-carbonated sweetened drinks and a lower intake of fruits and vegetables in both genders and both age groups. Fast food intake was higher among dietary supplement girl users and boys who were not dietary supplements users in both age groups. Dietary supplement users had a higher achieved average intake of most micronutrients (values obtained only from food) in both genders and both age groups (with exceptions for certain vitamins and minerals). By observing other parameters for assessing the diet quality in this research, we can conclude that girls who do not use dietary supplements have a better diet quality in both age groups.
... The diet of an adolescent is typically energy-dense and lacking in proper nutrients [50]; however, studies have found that adolescent athletes show improved intake and diet quality compared to adolescent nonathletes [51][52][53]. Energy deficiency is common in athletes [54], with energy intake not in balance with the energy demands of the sport. ...
Evidence suggests that athletes competing in team sports do not follow dietary recommendations. However, only few studies have investigated energy needs and supplement use in adolescent athletes, and whether they are meeting their energy requirements. This observational study examined energy expenditure, dietary energy intake, and use of nutritional supplements in 58 adolescent (14–17 years old) volleyball athletes (15 males, 43 females) and 58 age-matched nonathletic controls (13 males, 45 females). Participants completed an online survey including questions on demographic information, body mass, and a series of standardized questionnaires assessing energy expenditure, dietary energy, macronutrient, micronutrient, and supplement intake. Energy expenditure relative to body mass was higher in athletes than nonathletes by 13 kcal/kg/day (group effect, p < 0.001), and in males compared to females by 5.7 kcal/kg/day (sex effect, p = 0.004). Athletes had higher energy intake than nonathletes (+6.4 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.019) and greater consumption of fruits (p = 0.034), vegetables (p = 0.047), grains (p = 0.016), dairy (p = 0.038), meats and meat alternatives (p < 0.001), as well as higher intakes of fat (p < 0.001), carbohydrates, protein, sugar, fiber, vitamin C, calcium, and sodium (p = 0.05) compared to nonathletes. The average protein intakes exceeded the upper recommendations in all groups, suggesting that this is not a nutrient of concern for young volleyball athletes. However, athletes were only meeting 60% of the estimated energy requirements (EER) for their age, height, body mass, and physical activity score, (3322 ± 520 kcal/day), while nonathletes were meeting 74% of the EER (p < 0.001). The relative energy balance of male athletes was lower compared to both female athletes (p = 0.006) and male nonathletes (p = 0.004). Finally, more athletes reported using performance-related supplements than nonathletes, but there were no differences in the consumption of other dietary supplements. Overall, when compared to nonathletic controls, both male and female adolescent volleyball athletes were found to match their higher energy expenditure with a greater dietary energy intake; however, all adolescents were below the estimated energy requirements, a finding more profound among the volleyball athletes.
