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Didymosphaeria futilis (holotype) a–b. Herbarium packet and specimen. c. Close-up of ascomata. d. Section through ascoma. e. Close-up of peridium. f. Arrangement of asci and pseudoparaphyses in hamathecium. g. Broad, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing mostly above the asci. h–k. Cylindrical asci with an indistinct ocular chamber. l–o. Ascospores with distinct spinulose ornamentation. Scale bars: c = 100 µm, d–g = 10 µm, h–k = 20 µm, l–0 = 5 µm.
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Didymosphaeriaceae is a ubiquitous fungal family that is reported to include saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. The family is characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci. In recent treatments Appendispora, Didymosphaeria, Roussoella...
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The genus Apiospora includes endophytes, pathogens and saprobes, with a wide host range and geographic distribution. In this paper, six Apiospora strains isolated from diseased and healthy tissues of bamboo leaves from Hainan and Shandong provinces in China were classified using a multi-locus phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1...
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... There are 33 genera accepted in this family based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses [2,3]. Species belonging to Didymosphaeriaceae have a wide geographical and host distribution and have different modes of nutrition, such as saprobic on plant litter, herbaceous stems, or in soil; endophytic on healthy leaves or twigs; and pathogenic on plants, animals, or humans [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. ...
... These species have various hosts, such as Agave sp., Pandanus sp., and Ilex sp. [5,21]. However, rarely have studies focused on fungi associated with H. himalaica (Helwingiaceae). ...
Four stains were isolated from two fresh twigs of Helwingia himalaica and two dead woods during investigations of micro-fungi in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of four gene regions LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1-α revealed the placement of these species in Montagnula. Based on the morphological examination and molecular data, two new species, M. aquatica and M. guiyangensis, and a known species M. donacina are described. Descriptions and illustrations of the new collections and a key to the Montagnula species are provided. Montagnula chromolaenicola, M. puerensis, M. saikhuensis, and M. thailandica are discussed and synonymized under M. donacina.
... Notes: Berlese (1896) established this genus to include M. infernalis as the generic type. Montagnula members mostly have globose, spherical, immersed, or semi-immersed ascomata, clavate to cylindrical asci, and multi-septate, fusoid, or ellipsoid ascospores (Ariyawansa et al., 2014a;Pitt et al., 2014). Montagnula species serves a crucial role in the environment as saprobes, which generally grow on the wood and bark of dead plants but also rarely on dead leaves (Hongsanan et al., 2020;Mapook et al., 2020). ...
... Aptroot (1995) assigned this as a separate family within Pleosporales, and Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2007) treated Didymosphaeriaceae members to the Montagnulaceae in their outline of Ascomycota. However, the confusion surrounding the genera of Didymosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae was debated by Ariyawansa et al. (2014a), and they pointed out Didymosphaeriaceae as a distinct family in Pleosporales upon morphology, but phylogenetically, it fits well with Montagnulaceae. Thus, Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) synonymized Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae and accepted 16 genera in this family. ...
... However, morphology-based species identification suffered various issues, including phenotypic plasticity, which may lead to countless misinterpretations. However, by using molecular techniques for species delineation, identification, and taxonomic classifications, this fungal taxonomy undergone a revolution (Ariyawansa et al., 2014a;Das et al., 2014;Chethana et al., 2020). Therefore, most of recent studies have integrated morphology and phylogeny data for Didymosphaeriaceae species identification, taxonomic classification, and phylogenetic inferences (Ariyawansa et al., 2014a,b;Wanasinghe et al., 2016;Mapook et al., 2020;Htet et al., 2021;Suwannarach et al., 2021). ...
Fungal taxonomy has a long history and changed significantly in the last few decades. Most recent studies have witnessed morphology combined with DNA-based molecular analyses as the main research tool for fungal species identification. During field surveys, some interesting Didymosphaeriaceae species were found from plant litter in China and Thailand. Morphology combined with phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian and maximum likelihood) of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and tub2 loci was used to identify fungal taxa. In this article, three new species and six new host records are described. The new species, Montagnula acaciae, Paraconiothyrium zingiberacearum, and Paraphaeosphaeria brachiariae, can be distinguished from other species of the respective genera based on their distinct size differences (ascomata, asci, and ascospores) and DNA sequence data. The new host records, Montagnula jonesii, Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, Spegazzinia deightonii, and S. tessarthra are reported from Ficus benjamina, Dimocarpus longan, Hedychium coronarium, and Acacia auriculiformis respectively, for the first time. Also, Paraconiothyrium archidendri and P. brasiliense are reported for the first time from Magnolia sp. in China. Moreover, Paraconiothyrium rosae is synonymized under P. fuckelii based on close phylogeny affinities and morphological characteristics. In-depth morphological descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided to show the placement of new taxa.
... [67,68]. The sexual morph of the genus is characterized by globose or spherical and immersed ascomata with clypeus, claviform asci, fusoid, or ellipsoid ascospores, as well as with transverse septa and one or more longitudinal septa [55,69], while the asexual morph remains undetermined [70]. According to the multi-gene phylogeny inferred from the combined dataset, Didymosphaeriaceae incorporates members of Montagnulaceae, so the genus Montagnula was moved to Didymosphaeriaceae [70]. ...
... The sexual morph of the genus is characterized by globose or spherical and immersed ascomata with clypeus, claviform asci, fusoid, or ellipsoid ascospores, as well as with transverse septa and one or more longitudinal septa [55,69], while the asexual morph remains undetermined [70]. According to the multi-gene phylogeny inferred from the combined dataset, Didymosphaeriaceae incorporates members of Montagnulaceae, so the genus Montagnula was moved to Didymosphaeriaceae [70]. The genus comprises saprotrophic fungi growing on dead wood, branches, stems, bark, and leaves, which play an important role [70][71][72][73]. ...
... According to the multi-gene phylogeny inferred from the combined dataset, Didymosphaeriaceae incorporates members of Montagnulaceae, so the genus Montagnula was moved to Didymosphaeriaceae [70]. The genus comprises saprotrophic fungi growing on dead wood, branches, stems, bark, and leaves, which play an important role [70][71][72][73]. A total of 47 epithets (43 species) are listed in Index Fungorum (2022). ...
In Yunnan Province, the coffee-growing regions are mainly distributed in Pu’er and Xishuangbanna. During the surveys of microfungi associated with coffee in Yunnan Province, seven taxa were isolated from coffee samples. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2, and tef1-α sequence data and morphological characteristics, four new species viz. Deniquelata yunnanensis, Paraconiothyrium yunnanensis, Pseudocoleophoma puerensis, and Pse. Yunnanensis, and three new records viz. Austropleospora keteleeriae, Montagnula thailandica, and Xenocamarosporium acaciae in Pleosporales are introduced. In addition, Paracamarosporium fungicola was transferred back to Paraconiothyrium based on taxonomy and DNA sequences. Full descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of new and known taxa are provided. In addition, the morphological comparisons of new taxa with closely related taxa are given.
... In fungi, N2 significantly increased the relative abundance of Didymosphaeriaceae, which is consistent with previous studies (Zeng et al., 2016). Other studies have found that Didymosphaeriaceae comprise saprotrophs, endophytes, or pathogens associated with various plant substrates, such as woody plant debris and rotten leaves, and herbivore feces (Ariyawansa et al., 2014;Tennakoon et al., 2016). ...
Although a large number of studies have reported the importance of microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems and their response to nitrogen (N) application, it is not clear in arid alpine wetlands, and the mechanisms involved need to be clarified. Therefore, the response of the soil microbial community in a swamp meadow to short-term (1 year) N application (CK: 0, N1: 8, N2: 16 kg⋅N⋅hm–2⋅a–1) was studied using 16S/ITS rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that N application had no significant effect on soil microbial community diversity, but significantly changed soil bacterial community structure. N1 and N2 treatments significantly reduced the relative abundance of Chloroflexi (18.11 and 32.99% lower than CK, respectively). N2 treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of Nitrospirae (24.94% lower than CK). Meanwhile, N application reduced the potential function of partial nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycling in bacterial community. For example, compared with CK, nitrate respiration and nitrogen respiration decreased by 35.78–69.06%, and dark sulfide oxidation decreased by 76.36–94.29%. N application had little effect on fungal community structure and function. In general, short-term N application directly affected bacterial community structure and indirectly affected bacterial community structure and function through available potassium, while soil organic carbon was an important factor affecting fungal community structure and function.
... Notes: Didymosphaeriaceae was introduced by Munk (1953) and typified by Didymosphaeria, with D. epidermidis as the type species. Ariyawansa et al. (2014a) discussed the confusion surrounding genera of Didymosphaeriaceae and (MFLU 19-2718): a Dead leaf of Macaranga tanarius. b-d Sporodochia on PDA. ...
This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan. These host species are native to the island and Celtis formosana is an endemic tree species. The study revealed 95 species, consisting of two new families (Cylindrohyalosporaceae and Oblongohyalosporaceae), three new genera (Cylindrohyalospora, Neodictyosporium and Oblongohyalospora), 41 new species and 54 new host records. The newly described species are Acrocalymma ampeli (Acrocalymmaceae), Arthrinium mori (Apiosporaceae), Arxiella celtidis (Muyocopronaceae), Bertiella fici (Melanommataceae), Cercophora fici (Lasiosphaeriaceae), Colletotrichum celtidis, C. fici, C. fici-septicae (Glomerellaceae), Conidiocarpus fici-septicae (Capnodiaceae), Coniella fici (Schizoparmaceae), Cylindrohyalospora fici (Cylindrohyalosporaceae), Diaporthe celtidis, D. fici-septicae (Diaporthaceae), Diaporthosporella macarangae (Diaporthosporellaceae), Diplodia fici-septicae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia celtidis, D. fici (Sporocadaceae), Leptodiscella sexualis (Muyocopronaceae), Leptospora macarangae (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella alishanensis, M. celtidis, M. mori (Stachybotryaceae), Micropeltis fici, M. ficina (Micropeltidaceae), Microthyrium fici-septicae (Microthyriaceae), Muyocopron celtidis, M. ficinum, Mycoleptodiscus alishanensis (Muyocopronaceae), Neoanthostomella fici (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Neodictyosporium macarangae (Sordariales genera incertae sedis), Neofusicoccum moracearum (Botryosphaeriaceae), Neophyllachora fici (Phyllachoraceae), Nigrospora macarangae (Apiosporaceae), Oblongohyalospora macarangae (Oblongohyalosporaceae), Ophioceras ficinum (Ophioceraceae), Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis (Wiesneriomycetaceae), Periconia alishanica, P. celtidis (Periconiaceae), Pseudocercospora fici-septicae (Mycosphaerellaceae), Pseudoneottiospora cannabacearum (Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Pseudopithomyces mori (Didymosphaeriaceae). The new host records are Alternaria burnsii, A. pseudoeichhorniae (Pleosporaceae), Arthrinium hydei, A. malaysianum, A. paraphaeospermum, A. rasikravindrae, A. sacchari (Apiosporaceae), Bartalinia robillardoides (Sporocadaceae), Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae), Cladosporium tenuissimum (Cladosporiaceae), Coniella quercicola (Schizoparmaceae), Dematiocladium celtidicola (Nectriaceae), Diaporthe limonicola, D. millettiae, D. pseudophoenicicola (Diaporthaceae), Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii (Dictyosporiaceae), Dimorphiseta acuta (Stachybotryaceae), Dinemasporium parastrigosum (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (Stictidaceae), Gilmaniella bambusae (Ascomycota genera incertae sedis), Hermatomyces biconisporus (Hermatomycetaceae), Lasiodiplodia thailandica, L. theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella echinata (Stachybotryaceae), Muyocopron dipterocarpi, M. lithocarpi (Muyocopronaceae), Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, N. phangngaensis (Sporocadaceae), Ophioceras chiangdaoense (Ophioceraceae), Periconia byssoides (Periconiaceae), Pestalotiopsis dracaenea, P. formosana, P. neolitseae, P. papuana, P. parva, P. portugallica, P. trachycarpicola (Sporocadaceae), Phragmocapnias betle (Capnodiaceae), Phyllosticta capitalensis (Phyllostictaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudopithomyces chartarum, P. sacchari (Didymosphaeriaceae), Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Pseudorobillardaceae), Robillarda roystoneae (Sporocadaceae), Sirastachys castanedae, S. pandanicola (Stachybotryaceae), Spegazzinia musae (Didymosphaeriaceae), Stachybotrys aloeticola, S. microspora (Stachybotryaceae), Strigula multiformis (Strigulaceae), Torula fici (Torulaceae), Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Wiesneriomycetaceae) and Yunnanomyces pandanicola (Sympoventuriaceae). The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on morphological observation of specimens, coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. In addition, this study provides a host-fungus database for future studies and increases knowledge of fungal diversity, as well as new fungal discoveries from the island.
... The asexual morph can be fusicladium-like and phoma-like . Didymosphaeriaceae species have been recorded in terrestrial and aquatic habitats as endophytes, pathogens or saprobes on twigs, leaves, pods, herbaceous stems and occasionally human (Morin et al. 2010, Ariyawansa et al. 2014a, Thambugala et al. 2017, Jayasiri et al. 2019, Phookamsak et al. 2019, Tennakoon et al. 2020, Hongsanan et al. 2020a. ...
Austropleospora is a genus of Didymosphaeriaceae with only three extant species. A survey of saprobic ascomycetes in Guizhou Province, China, discovered a new Austropleospora species on dead twigs in a terrestrial habitat. The molecular phylogeny based on a combined SSU-LSU-tef1-ITS DNA sequence dataset confirmed the new species’ taxonomic position in Austropleospora. Austropleospora ochracea sp. nov. is characterized by globose to subglobose and uni-loculate ascoma with a centric short papilla, brown to dark brown peridium with cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica and conical, comparatively smaller ascospores with narrowly rounded polar ends. The new taxon is compared with similar species in Austropleospora, and its taxonomic status is briefly discussed.
... Several studies have been conducted on the family. In particular, Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) discussed the confusion surrounding genera of Didymosphaeriaceae and mentioned that the family appears to be a distinct family of Pleosporales based on morphological characteristics. However, the molecular data could not resolve its phylogenetic placement as a distinct family from Montagnulaceae. ...
... However, the molecular data could not resolve its phylogenetic placement as a distinct family from Montagnulaceae. Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) synonymized Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae based on well-resolved phylogenetic data and morphological comparisons. Sixteen genera were accepted in Didymosphaeriaceae by Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) and Wijayawardene et al. (2014c) introduced another two asexual genera Paracamarosporium and Pseudocamarosporium. Crous et al. (2015b, d) introduced Verrucoconiothyrium and Xenocamarosporium and Ariyawansa et al. (2015a) transferred Austropleospora and Pseudopithomyces to Didymosphaeriaceae. ...
... Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) synonymized Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae based on well-resolved phylogenetic data and morphological comparisons. Sixteen genera were accepted in Didymosphaeriaceae by Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) and Wijayawardene et al. (2014c) introduced another two asexual genera Paracamarosporium and Pseudocamarosporium. Crous et al. (2015b, d) introduced Verrucoconiothyrium and Xenocamarosporium and Ariyawansa et al. (2015a) transferred Austropleospora and Pseudopithomyces to Didymosphaeriaceae. Laburnicola and Paramassariosphaeria were introduced by Wanasinghe et al. (2016b) and Kalmusibambusa by Thambugala et al. (2017b). ...
... The latest treatment of Didymosphaeriaceae was by Ariyawansa et al. (2014a). The family is typified with Didymosphaeria. ...
... The asexual morph of Didymosphaeria has been suggested to be Ascochyta, fusicladiella-like, Periconia, and phoma-like species but a holomorphic connection has not been proven (Sivanesan 1984;Kirk et al. 2008;Ariyawansa et al. 2014b). Didymosphaeria is typified by D. futilis, however, fresh collections are needed to confirm its phylogenetic placement (Ariyawansa et al. 2014a;Wijayawardene et al. 2018). More than 500 epithets are listed under Didymosphaeria (Index Fungorum 2020), but only seven species were accepted by Aptroot (1995). ...
... Saprobic on dead stem of Clematis heracleifolia. Sexual morph: Ariyawansa et al. (2014a). Asexual morph: Conidiomata 78-160 × 75-244 μm ( x= 110 × 120 μm, n = 5), pycnidial, solitary, unilocular or multilocular, scattered, immersed or erumpent, under host epidermis, globose to compressed, brown to dark brown, without ostioles. ...
The cosmopolitan plant genus Clematis contains many climbing species that can be found worldwide. The genus occurs in the wild and is grown commercially for horticulture. Microfungi on Clematis were collected from Belgium, China, Italy, Thailand and the UK. They are characterized by morphology and analyses of gene sequence data using an integrated species concept to validate identifications. The study revealed two new families, 12 new genera, 50 new species, 26 new host records with one dimorphic character report, and ten species are transferred to other genera. The new families revealed by multigene phylogeny are Longiostiolaceae and Pseudomassarinaceae in Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes). New genera are Anthodidymella (Didymellaceae), Anthosulcatispora and Parasulcatispora (Sulcatisporaceae), Fusiformispora (Amniculicolaceae), Longispora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Neobyssosphaeria (Melanommataceae), Neoleptosporella (Chaetosphaeriales, genera incertae sedis), Neostictis (Stictidaceae), Pseudohelminthosporium (Neomassarinaceae), Pseudomassarina (Pseudomassarinaceae), Sclerenchymomyces (Leptosphaeriaceae) and Xenoplectosphaerella (Plectosphaerellaceae). The newly described species are Alloleptosphaeria clematidis, Anthodidymella ranunculacearum, Anthosulcatispora subglobosa, Aquadictyospora clematidis, Brunneofusispora clematidis, Chaetosphaeronema clematidicola, C. clematidis, Chromolaenicola clematidis, Diaporthe clematidina, Dictyocheirospora clematidis, Distoseptispora clematidis, Floricola clematidis, Fusiformispora clematidis, Hermatomyces clematidis, Leptospora clematidis, Longispora clematidis, Massariosphaeria clematidis, Melomastia clematidis, M. fulvicomae, Neobyssosphaeria clematidis, Neoleptosporella clematidis, Neoroussoella clematidis, N. fulvicomae, Neostictis nigricans, Neovaginatispora clematidis, Parasulcatispora clematidis, Parathyridaria clematidis, P. serratifoliae, P. virginianae, Periconia verrucose, Phomatospora uniseriata, Pleopunctum clematidis, Pseudocapulatispora clematidis, Pseudocoleophoma clematidis, Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis, Pseudolophiostoma chiangraiense, P. clematidis, Pseudomassarina clematidis, Ramusculicola clematidis, Sarocladium clematidis, Sclerenchymomyces clematidis, Sigarispora clematidicola, S. clematidis, S. montanae, Sordaria clematidis, Stemphylium clematidis, Wojnowiciella clematidis, Xenodidymella clematidis, Xenomassariosphaeria clematidis and Xenoplectosphaerella clematidis. The following fungi are recorded on Clematis species for the first time: Angustimassarina rosarum, Dendryphion europaeum, Dermatiopleospora mariae, Diaporthe ravennica, D. rudis, Dichotomopilus ramosissimum, Dictyocheirospora xishuangbannaensis, Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii, Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum, Fusarium celtidicola, Leptospora thailandica, Memnoniella oblongispora, Neodidymelliopsis longicolla, Neoeutypella baoshanensis, Neoroussoella heveae, Nigrograna chromolaenae, N. obliqua, Pestalotiopsis verruculosa, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pseudoophiobolus rosae, Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae, P. elaeicola, Ramusculicola thailandica, Stemphylium vesicarium and Torula chromolaenae. The new combinations are Anthodidymella clematidis (≡ Didymella clematidis), A. vitalbina (≡ Didymella vitalbina), Anthosulcatispora brunnea (≡ Neobambusicola brunnea), Fuscohypha kunmingensis (≡ Plectosphaerella kunmingensis), Magnibotryascoma rubriostiolata (≡ Teichospora rubriostiolata), Pararoussoella mangrovei (≡ Roussoella mangrovei), Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi (≡ Roussoella euonymi), Sclerenchymomyces jonesii (≡ Neoleptosphaeria jonesii), Stemphylium rosae (≡ Pleospora rosae), and S. rosae-caninae (≡ Pleospora rosae-caninae). The microfungi on Clematis is distributed in several classes of Ascomycota. The analyses are based on morphological examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data. To the best of our knowledge, the consolidated species concept approach is recommended in validating species.
... Generally, species in family Didymosphaeriaceae are characterized by uni-septate ascospores with trabeculate pseudoparaphyses (Aptroot 1995, Liew et al. 2000, Ariyawansa et al. 2014a, b, Wanasinghe et al. 2016. They occur as saprobes, endophytes or pathogens associated with various plant substrates worldwide (Ariyawansa et al. 2014b, Liu et al. 2015, Tennakoon et al. 2016 and are rarely parasitic on other fungi (Hyde et al. 2013, Ariyawansa et al. 2014b. In previous classifications, the placement of Didymosphaeriaceae was doubtful. ...
... Generally, species in family Didymosphaeriaceae are characterized by uni-septate ascospores with trabeculate pseudoparaphyses (Aptroot 1995, Liew et al. 2000, Ariyawansa et al. 2014a, b, Wanasinghe et al. 2016. They occur as saprobes, endophytes or pathogens associated with various plant substrates worldwide (Ariyawansa et al. 2014b, Liu et al. 2015, Tennakoon et al. 2016 and are rarely parasitic on other fungi (Hyde et al. 2013, Ariyawansa et al. 2014b. In previous classifications, the placement of Didymosphaeriaceae was doubtful. ...
... von Arx & Müller (1975) considered the family as a synonym of Pleosporaceae while Lumbsch & Huhndorf (2007) assigned Didymosphaeriaceae to Montagnulaceae. However, Ariyawansa et al. (2014b) provided a well-resolved phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparison for Didymosphaeriaceae. Therefore, Montagnulaceae was synonymized under Didymosphaeriaceae (Ariyawansa et al. 2014a, Feng et al. 2019. ...
Bimuria is a monotypic genus in Didymosphaeriaceae, typified by B. novae-zelandiae collected in terrestrial habitats from New Zealand soil. In our study, Bimuria omanensis, a novel species was isolated from unidentified decaying leaves in Oman. The phylogenetic placement of B. omanensis is resolved based on maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data of Didymosphaeriaceae. The placement of Bimuria omanensis as a distinct species, is confirmed based on phylogeny. This is the first record of an asexual morph in Bimuria and first record of a Bimuria species from Oman. The relationship of this taxon with other phylogenetically closely related Didymosphaeriaceae species is shown.
... Therefore, application of molecular detection procedures, such as PCR and sequencing analysis, is critical for an accurate determination of the identity of Paraconiothyrium species. In recent years, several studies have focused on Didymosphaeriaceae with the objective of providing a robust classification of this family, which have made it possible to clearly define the main species (Verkley et al. 2004, Ariyawansa et al. 2014, Verkley et al. 2014, Crous et al. 2015, Tennakoon et al. 2016. In most studies, ITS rDNA sequence data has been used for delimitation of the species. ...
