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Dictyothyrina atrocyanea (S F9937) a, b The specimen and descriptions. c Ascomata on leaf surface. d Squash mount of ascoma. e The upper wall. f Paraphyses. g Paraphyses mounted in Melzer reagent. h, i Asci. j, k Unicellular ascospores. l Ascospores in Melzer reagent. Scale bars c = 500 lm, d = 100 lm, e = 50 lm, h, i = 20 lm, f, g, j-l = 10 lm
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Micropeltidaceae species are flyspeck fungi which have been subjected to few systematic studies. We re-examined 27 genera which were accepted in the Micropeltidaceae and re-described them based on herbaria materials and protologues. Based on morphology and phylogenetic investigations, we transfer Micropeltidaceae to a new order, Micropeltidales (Le...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 469 (1914) : Muyocopron fecundum Sacc., Bolm Soc. broteriana, Coimbra, sér. 1 11: 62 (1893) Dictyothyrina atrocyanea (Starbäck) Theiss., Annls mycol. 11(5): 469 (1914) : Muyocopron fecundum var. atrocyaneum Starbäck, Bih. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Afd. 3 25(no. 1): 24 (1899) Index Fungorum number: IF 215102; Facesoffungi number: FoF 05133, Fig. 9 ...
Citations
... In MrBayes on XSEDE (3.2.7a), four simultaneous Markov chains were run for 2,000,000 generations; trees were sampled and printed every 2,000 generations. The first 25% of all trees were submitted to the burn-in phase and discarded, while the remaining trees were used to compute posterior probabilities in the majority rule consensus tree (Cai et al. 2006(Cai et al. , 2008Wu et al. 2011;Zeng et al. 2019). ...
The genus Ciliochorella is a group of pestalotioid fungi, which typically occurs in subtropical and tropical areas. Species from the Ciliochorella genus play important roles in the decomposition of litter. In this study, we introduce two new species ( Ciliochorella chinensis sp. nov. and C. savannica sp. nov. ) that were found on leaf litter collected from savanna-like vegetation in hot dry valleys of southwestern China. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and tub2 sequence datasets indicated that C. chinensis and C. savannica respectively form a distinct clade within the Ciliochorella genus. The comparison of the morphological characteristics indicated that the two new species are well differentiated within this genus species. Analysis of the evolutionary history suggests that Ciliochorella originated from the Eurasian continent during the Paleogene (38 Mya). Further, we find that both new species can produce cellulase and laccase, playing a decomposer role.
... (Ajitomi et al., 2017;Batzer et al., 2022). An updated taxonomic treatment of Stomiopeltis was carried out by Zeng et al. (2019) who treated the genus in Capnodiales incertae sedis, and this was followed by Hongsanan et al. (2020b) and Wijayawardene et al. (2022). Whereas Renard et al. (2020) demonstrated that Stomiopeltis is polyphyletic, forming clades within the orders Microthyriales and Venturiales. ...
Yunnan, located in southwestern China, is known for its high fungal diversity, and many of which are endemic to the region. As part of our ongoing studies on fungi in Yunnan, we introduce two new genera in Phaeothecoidiellaceae (Mycosphaerellales), to accommodate one Repetophragma-like and another Stomiopeltis-like taxa. Pseudorepetophragma gen. nov. is introduced herein as a monotypic genus to accommodate P. zygopetali comb. nov.(≡ Repetophragma zygopetali), whereas Pseudostomiopeltis gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate Ps. xishuangbannaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Ps. phyllanthi comb. nov.(≡ Stomiopeltis phyllanthi), based on a new collection from Yunnan. In addition, Stomiopeltis sinensis is transferred to Exopassalora as E. sinensis comb. nov. due to its phylogenetic affinity and grouped with E. zambiae, the generic type of Exopassalora. This study provides new insights into the biodiversity of fungal species in this region and adds to our understanding of their ecological roles, as well as the resolution to ambiguous taxa in Phaeothecoidiellaceae.
... Herbarium inventories and field studies beyond the scope of this paper are needed to resolve living analogs, and relevant reports are scarce in the literature. Micropeltidaceae (e.g., Zeng et al., 2019), a group of flyspeck fungi, is one possibility based on lesion position, large and variable size, and size variation in the central openings (possibly ostioles; L. Le Renard, Eversio Labs, personal communication, 2023). We note an herbarium specimen of Macaranga bicolor with near-circular lichen growths that superficially resemble the fossil lesions ( Figure 1D). ...
Premise
The spurge family Euphorbiaceae is prominent in tropical rainforests worldwide, particularly in Asia. There is little consensus on the biogeographic origins of the family or its principal lineages. No confirmed spurge macrofossils have come from Gondwana.
Methods
We describe the first Gondwanan macrofossils of Euphorbiaceae, represented by two infructescences and associated peltate leaves from the early Eocene (52 Myr ago [Ma]) Laguna del Hunco site in Chubut, Argentina.
Results
The infructescences are panicles bearing tiny, pedicellate, spineless capsular fruits with two locules, two axile lenticular seeds, and two unbranched, plumose stigmas. The fossils' character combination only occurs today in some species of the Macaranga-Mallotus clade (MMC; Euphorbiaceae), a widespread Old-World understory group often thought to have tropical Asian origins. The associated leaves are consistent with extant Macaranga.
Conclusions
The new fossils are the oldest known for the MMC, demonstrating its Gondwanan history and marking its divergence by at least 52 Ma. This discovery makes an Asian origin of the MMC unlikely because immense oceanic distances separated Asia and South America 52 Ma. The only other MMC reproductive fossils so far known are also from the southern hemisphere (early Miocene, southern New Zealand), far from the Asian tropics. The MMC, along with many other Gondwanan survivors, most likely entered Asia during the Neogene Sahul-Sunda collision. Our discovery adds to a substantial series of well-dated, well-preserved fossils from one undersampled region, Patagonia, that have changed our understanding of plant biogeographic history.
... R8 were observed (Ajitomi et al. 2017). It is unclear whether the SBFS Stomiopeltis-like fungi belong in the Micropeltidaceae (Zeng et al. 2019) or Phaeothecoidiellaceae (Zeng et al. 2018) and whether Stomiopeltis is polyphyletic (Hongsanan et al. 2017;Wijayawardene et al. 2018;Wu et al. 2011). Reproductive structures of these fungi on apple and, perhaps, additional regions of the DNA are required to clarify the taxonomic placement of this widely distributed and important member of the SBFS assemblage. ...
Fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex blemish fruit and reduce the market value of fresh-market apples. In 2010, apples were collected from 16 orchards in northern Spain that had received few to no fungicide sprays. SBFS colonies with the subtending cuticle were excised, pressed, and shipped to Ames, Iowa, United States, for isolation. A total of 213 sequences were aligned after a portion of the rRNA was amplified with primer pair VG9/LR5, and two regions were sequenced with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 and LROR/LR5. Distance and parsimony analyses of the 28S gene sequences were used to compare the collection with previously isolated SBFS species. Most isolates (89%) were within the subclass Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales. Within this order, the predominant genus was Schizothyrium (anamorph Zygophiala) (86 isolates), including S. pomi, Z. cryptogama, Z. cylindrica, and two previously undescribed putative species. Also widely prevalent were Microcyclosporella mali (45 isolates), four Microcyclospora spp. (36 isolates), and four Stomiopeltis-like putative species (34 isolates). Seven isolates were within the Eurotiomycetes. Twenty-five putative species were delineated using the ITS sequences and morphological characterization. These included 11 species previously named and reported as members of the SBFS complex, two putative SBFS species that were previously reported but have not yet been described, and 12 newly detected putative SBFS species. The findings add substantially to knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of this ectophytic fungal assemblage in Europe.
[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
... Species of Micropeltidaceae are the only epifoliar fungal group placed in Lecanoromycetes. Zeng et al. (2019) observed that these species have a relationship with Cyanobacteria sp. This study provided evidence for the nutrition mode of Micropeltidaceae and its evolutionary position in Lecanoromycetes. ...
... Lecanoromycetes species have different types of nutrition modes which have evolved from time to time. Zeng et al. (2019) concluded that this family co-evolved with the diversification of Angiospermae in the Cretaceous period (Zeng et al. 2019). Therefore, we suggest that the ecological factors and their relationship with other environmental factors are important in the evolution of epifoliar fungal taxa. ...
... Lecanoromycetes species have different types of nutrition modes which have evolved from time to time. Zeng et al. (2019) concluded that this family co-evolved with the diversification of Angiospermae in the Cretaceous period (Zeng et al. 2019). Therefore, we suggest that the ecological factors and their relationship with other environmental factors are important in the evolution of epifoliar fungal taxa. ...
... Divergence estimates using MCC trees have also been used to arrange taxa at the higher levels (Hongsanan et al. 2017;Liu et al. 2017;Samarakoon et al. 2020). In addition, several studies have used molecular phylogenies to study character evolution (Divakar et al. 2013;Zeng et al. 2019;Thiyagaraja et al. 2020). Indeed, ancestral character state reconstruction approaches provide powerful tools to assess trait evolution in fungi (Divakar et al. 2013;Zeng et al. 2019;Thiyagaraja et al. 2020). ...
... In addition, several studies have used molecular phylogenies to study character evolution (Divakar et al. 2013;Zeng et al. 2019;Thiyagaraja et al. 2020). Indeed, ancestral character state reconstruction approaches provide powerful tools to assess trait evolution in fungi (Divakar et al. 2013;Zeng et al. 2019;Thiyagaraja et al. 2020). In this current review, we discuss one such important trait, the appressorium, a character that facilitates all kinds of interactions between fungi and their hosts. ...
Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes, saprobes, symbionts, or pathogens. Appressoria have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host surface. These specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types: proto-appressoria, hyaline appressoria, melanized (dark) appressoria, and compound appressoria. In this review, we discuss the differences in the formation, differentiation, and function of appressoria among fungi with diverse life strategies. Using DNA sequence information, LSU, 5.8S, SSU and rpb2 gene fragments, we reconstructed the ancestral states for appressorial types in the main phyla of fungi and fungus-like organisms and found that the hyaline appressoria was the most ancestral form. Our analysis estimated proto-appressoria diversification during the Mesozoic period (92–239 million years ago), however, its origin remains inconclusive. Our data suggest that these hyaline appressoria diversified into melanized or compound appressoria, with evidence of adaptive radiation.
... Twentyeight species of Calopadia are listed in Index Fungorum. 1 However, molecular sequence data are available for only five species. 2 Calopadia is a poorly studied genus in China, and only three species have been recorded (Santesson, 1952;Wei et al., 1991;Aptroot et al., 2003). During our surveys of the diversity of microfungi in Southwest China (Wu et al., 2014;Zeng et al., 2019), an interesting species of foliicolous lichenized fungi was collected from Ruili Botanical Garden in the Ruili region of Yunnan province. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that it represents a new species, which is formally introduced here. ...
... The spots consist of flattened thyriothecia with various ostiole forms, while the basal wall is usually poorly developed. Asci are bitunicate, fissitunicate, saccate to subglobose, obclavate to fusiform, or rarely cylindro-clavate, and ascospores are uni-to multi-septate, and hyaline or brown (Kirk et al. 2008;Wu et al. 2011;Hongsanan et al. 2014b;Zeng et al. 2019). Microthyriales contains only Microthyriaceae ). ...
... Nine genera accepted in Microthyriaceae, namely Arnaudiella, Calothyriopsis, Caribaeomyces, Chaetothyriothecium, Hansfordiella, Microthyrium, Palawania, Seynesiella and Tumidispora . For the latest treatments of this family, we follow Zeng et al. (2019). ...
... Notes: Microthyrium was formally established by Desmazières (1841), to accommodate Microthyrium microscopicum as the type species, based on its ascomata with a radiating structure, called thyriothecia. Microthyrium taxa are widely distributed on various hosts (Ellis 1976a;Ramaley 1999;Wu et al. 2011;Hongsanan et al. 2014b;Zeng et al. 2019). There are 93 accepted species in Species Fungorum (2021). ...
This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan. These host species are native to the island and Celtis formosana is an endemic tree species. The study revealed 95 species, consisting of two new families (Cylindrohyalosporaceae and Oblongohyalosporaceae), three new genera (Cylindrohyalospora, Neodictyosporium and Oblongohyalospora), 41 new species and 54 new host records. The newly described species are Acrocalymma ampeli (Acrocalymmaceae), Arthrinium mori (Apiosporaceae), Arxiella celtidis (Muyocopronaceae), Bertiella fici (Melanommataceae), Cercophora fici (Lasiosphaeriaceae), Colletotrichum celtidis, C. fici, C. fici-septicae (Glomerellaceae), Conidiocarpus fici-septicae (Capnodiaceae), Coniella fici (Schizoparmaceae), Cylindrohyalospora fici (Cylindrohyalosporaceae), Diaporthe celtidis, D. fici-septicae (Diaporthaceae), Diaporthosporella macarangae (Diaporthosporellaceae), Diplodia fici-septicae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia celtidis, D. fici (Sporocadaceae), Leptodiscella sexualis (Muyocopronaceae), Leptospora macarangae (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella alishanensis, M. celtidis, M. mori (Stachybotryaceae), Micropeltis fici, M. ficina (Micropeltidaceae), Microthyrium fici-septicae (Microthyriaceae), Muyocopron celtidis, M. ficinum, Mycoleptodiscus alishanensis (Muyocopronaceae), Neoanthostomella fici (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Neodictyosporium macarangae (Sordariales genera incertae sedis), Neofusicoccum moracearum (Botryosphaeriaceae), Neophyllachora fici (Phyllachoraceae), Nigrospora macarangae (Apiosporaceae), Oblongohyalospora macarangae (Oblongohyalosporaceae), Ophioceras ficinum (Ophioceraceae), Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis (Wiesneriomycetaceae), Periconia alishanica, P. celtidis (Periconiaceae), Pseudocercospora fici-septicae (Mycosphaerellaceae), Pseudoneottiospora cannabacearum (Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Pseudopithomyces mori (Didymosphaeriaceae). The new host records are Alternaria burnsii, A. pseudoeichhorniae (Pleosporaceae), Arthrinium hydei, A. malaysianum, A. paraphaeospermum, A. rasikravindrae, A. sacchari (Apiosporaceae), Bartalinia robillardoides (Sporocadaceae), Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae), Cladosporium tenuissimum (Cladosporiaceae), Coniella quercicola (Schizoparmaceae), Dematiocladium celtidicola (Nectriaceae), Diaporthe limonicola, D. millettiae, D. pseudophoenicicola (Diaporthaceae), Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii (Dictyosporiaceae), Dimorphiseta acuta (Stachybotryaceae), Dinemasporium parastrigosum (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (Stictidaceae), Gilmaniella bambusae (Ascomycota genera incertae sedis), Hermatomyces biconisporus (Hermatomycetaceae), Lasiodiplodia thailandica, L. theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella echinata (Stachybotryaceae), Muyocopron dipterocarpi, M. lithocarpi (Muyocopronaceae), Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, N. phangngaensis (Sporocadaceae), Ophioceras chiangdaoense (Ophioceraceae), Periconia byssoides (Periconiaceae), Pestalotiopsis dracaenea, P. formosana, P. neolitseae, P. papuana, P. parva, P. portugallica, P. trachycarpicola (Sporocadaceae), Phragmocapnias betle (Capnodiaceae), Phyllosticta capitalensis (Phyllostictaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudopithomyces chartarum, P. sacchari (Didymosphaeriaceae), Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Pseudorobillardaceae), Robillarda roystoneae (Sporocadaceae), Sirastachys castanedae, S. pandanicola (Stachybotryaceae), Spegazzinia musae (Didymosphaeriaceae), Stachybotrys aloeticola, S. microspora (Stachybotryaceae), Strigula multiformis (Strigulaceae), Torula fici (Torulaceae), Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Wiesneriomycetaceae) and Yunnanomyces pandanicola (Sympoventuriaceae). The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on morphological observation of specimens, coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. In addition, this study provides a host-fungus database for future studies and increases knowledge of fungal diversity, as well as new fungal discoveries from the island.
... Micropeltidaceae was established by Clements & Shear (1931) and formally accepted after the monograph by Batista (1959). The family includes 29 genera and 186 species (Zeng et al. 2019). Species of Micropeltidaceae are different from Microthyriaceae in having greenish or bluish upper walls comprising with meandering cells and multi-septate ascospores, however, Microthyriaceae have brownish upper walls formed by radially arranged cells and ascospores with 1 septum. ...
... Species of Micropeltidaceae are different from Microthyriaceae in having greenish or bluish upper walls comprising with meandering cells and multi-septate ascospores, however, Microthyriaceae have brownish upper walls formed by radially arranged cells and ascospores with 1 septum. The family comprises 'flyspeck' fungi characterized by shining, circular to ovoid, black, sclerotiumlike bodies lacking a visible mycelial mat , Zeng et al. 2019. The asexual morph of Micropeltidaceae has not been determined. ...
... Montagne (1842) established Micropeltis, the type genus of Micropeltidaceae (Wu et al. 2011(Wu et al. , 2014 using the type species of M. applanata Mont. Micropeltis is characterized by dark blue to greenish thyriothecia, consisting of irregularly arranged meandering compacted hyphae and ascospores with 4-6 septa (Zeng et al. 2019). Micropeltis comprises 155 species listed in Species , 65 species were identified based on only morphology and only 15 species have molecular data (Wijayawardane et al. 2020). ...
A novel species, Micropeltis goniothalamicola and a new record Scolecopeltidium menglaense were collected from Mae Fah Luang Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Our new taxon is different from other species in Micropeltis in having relatively smaller ascomata, 6-8-spored asci and 4-5-septate ascospores covering with mucilaginous sheath. Our new record, S. menglaense is the first host recorded from Jasmine grandiflorum (Oleaceae). Morphological comparison coupled with phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data provide evidence for the new species and new host record.
... Currently, it includes eight genera: Chaetothyrina, Exopassalora, Houjia, Nowamyces, Phaeothecoidiella, Rivilata, Sporidesmajora and Translucidithyrium . Members of Phaeothecoidiellaceae are related to sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi and characterised by thyriothecia with setae, bitunicate asci and 1-septate ascospores (Singtripop et al. 2016;Hongsanan et al. 2017;Zeng et al. 2019;Hongsanan et al. 2020). Chaetothyrina is morphologically similar to the family Micropeltidaceae (Reynolds and Gilbert 2005), but is distinguishable by its brown upper wall of ascomata Zeng et al. 2019). ...
... Members of Phaeothecoidiellaceae are related to sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi and characterised by thyriothecia with setae, bitunicate asci and 1-septate ascospores (Singtripop et al. 2016;Hongsanan et al. 2017;Zeng et al. 2019;Hongsanan et al. 2020). Chaetothyrina is morphologically similar to the family Micropeltidaceae (Reynolds and Gilbert 2005), but is distinguishable by its brown upper wall of ascomata Zeng et al. 2019). The genus Rivilata is placed in this family on the basis of morphological characters by Doilom et al. (2018). ...
... Liu et al. (2017) used the molecular clock approach to estimate the divergence time of the order Capnodiales crown age at 151-283 Mya (million years ago). Zeng et al. (2019) estimated the divergence time of the family Phaeothecoidiellaceae crown age at 40-60 Mya. The molecular clock approach for estimating divergence time might be used to predict speciation, historical climate change or other environmental events (Hélène and Arne 2014;Louca and Pennell 2020). ...
During the field studies, a Translucidithyrium-like taxon was collected in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, during an investigation into the diversity of microfungi in the southwest of China. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequences revealed that the new taxon is a member of the genus Translucidithyrium and it is distinct from other species. Therefore, Translucidithyrium chinensesp. nov. is introduced here. The Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) tree from LSU rDNA of Translucidithyrium and related species indicated the divergence time of existing and new species of Translucidithyrium was crown age at 16 (4-33) Mya. Combining the estimated divergence time, paleoecology and plate tectonic movements with the corresponding geological time scale, we proposed a hypothesis that the speciation (estimated divergence time) of T. chinense was earlier than T. thailandicum. Our findings provided new insights into the species of Translucidithyrium about ecological adaptation and speciation in two separate areas.
