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Diaporthe celeris (CBS 143349). a-c. Colonies on MEA, PDA and OA, respectively; d. conidiomata sporulating on OA; e. conidiophores; f. conidiogenous cells; g. alpha conidia; h. beta conidia.-Scale bars = 10 μm.
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Species of Diaporthe are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, di...
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... Positive effects of S on soil microbiota have been shown in other studies (Lee et al., 2021;Liu et al., 2020a;Xia et al., 2019;Zhao et al., 2016), even though its endogenous microbiota has not been characterized yet. On the other hand, pruning debris, which is a fantastic candidate to be used as mulch or fertilizer (Karimi et al., 2020), may contain a diversity of fungi, many of them potentially pathogenic (Guarnaccia et al., 2018). However, we observed that both GPD and S have a very similar bacterial community composition. ...
The interest in sustainable and ecologic agricultural practices in grapevine has grown significantly in recent years in the context of ecological transition. Organic mulches are alternative practices influencing soil moisture, erosion, structure and weed control. However, their effects on the soil and must microbiota remain unknown. Understanding the relationship between vineyard management and microbiota may help to choose the optimal practices, reducing environmental impact and improving wine quality. We aimed to evaluate the effects of five soil management practices on soil and must bacterial communities along three consecutive years in two vineyards of La Rioja, Spain using a metataxonomic approach. Two conventional practices (Herbicide use and Under-row Tillage) were compared with three organic mulches applied on the vine row (Grapevine Pruning Debris, Spent Mushrooms Compost and Straw). The main factors shaping the soil bacterial community were year followed by location. The treatment effect on soil microbiota was weak and could only be found when analyzing each year and location individually. In particular, the bacterial communities of the conventional practices clustered in all years and locations. However, organic mulches were only grouped in the third year of study at both locations. Besides, the practices did not affect the must bacterial communities and were driven by year and location. These results show that the practices have a weak effect compared to year or location and that their impact is detected in the soil but not in the must. Therefore, organic mulches could be a sustainable viticulture alternative and should use it in the long term.
... Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Sordariomycetes) was established by Nitschke (1870) The asexual morph of these species is known as Phomopsis Guarnaccia et al. 2018). Following the one fungus-one name, Rossman et al. (2014) recommended adopting the older sexual typified name Diaporthe over the younger asexual typified name Phomopsis. ...
... Correct species identification is crucial for disease diagnosis and control. Combing morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses have been used for Diaporthe taxonomic studies and species identification (Gomes et al. 2013;Udayanga et al. 2015;Guarnaccia et al. 2018;Monkai et al. 2023). Phylogenetic analyses played an important role in species recognition. ...
... These diseases evolved into one of the most destructive disorders affecting grapevines in recent years. According to information gathered globally, about US$1.5 billion is spent each year to replace dead grapevines caused by various trunk diseases (Guarnaccia et al. 2018). This is of major concern to nations that produce grapes since the disease affects perennial vine components and shortens vines' productive lifespans by several years (Bruez et al. 2020). ...
... Diaporthe dieback was reported in grape-producing countries worldwide (Dissanayake et al. 2015;Guarnaccia et al. 2018;Lesuthu et al. 2019). Diaporthe ampelina (= Phomopsis viticola) was identified infecting green shoots of grapevines (Pscheidt and Pearson 1989). ...
... Baumgartner et al. (2013) identified D. ampelina and D. eres in eastern North America. Diaporthe ampelina is historically the most common species known to cause this disease, which, together with D. amygdali, has been confirmed as a severe pathogen of grapevines (Mostert et al. 2001;Guarnaccia et al. 2018;Manawasinghe et al. 2019;León et al. 2020). Diaporthe was historically considered as monophyletic based on its typical sexual morph and Phomopsis's asexual morph (Gomes et al. 2013). ...
For decades, the grapevine has been produced as a commercial fruit crop in Morocco. From 2004 to 2022, the area dedicated to cultivating and producing grapes has increased across the country. Despite the implementation of adequate agricultural practices, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) lead to significant yield losses and a remarkable reduction in viticultural quality. Many grape growers encounter this issue in their vines each year and seek strategies to cope with it. In the most significant grapegrowing regions globally, including Morocco, grapevine decline is a common and significant disease that is brought on by a multitude of latent fungal plant diseases. Due to the use of poorly informative markers in phylogenetic analyses and the lack of relevant morphological characteristics, the classification of these pathogens has proven to be challenging. Numerous genera and families have not yet been extensively studied, especially in Morocco. To identify the dieback-causing agents, surveys were carried out in 152 Moroccan vineyards in Marrakech-Safi, Casablanca-Settat, RabatSale-Kenitra, and Fez- Meknes regions between 2019-2021. Samples of symptomatic trunks were collected and processed for mycological analysis. Afterward, fungal identification of representative isolates was performed combining morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and protein-coding gene (β-TUB). Pathogenicity tests were fulfilled under greenhouse conditions for 15 days. Among the fungi collected in the current study, 54 fungal isolates were obtained belonging to different genera and families namely: Botryosphaeria (11 species), Fusarium (10 species), Pestialiotiopsis (4 species), Clonostachys (3 species), Entoleuca mammata, Phaeoacremonium hungaricum, Trichothecium roseum, Diaporthe ampelina, Epicoccum nigrum, Alternaria alternata, and Rosellinia convexa. Pathogenicity test revealed that Diplodia mutila, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Neopestalotiopsis vitis, and Trichothecium roseum isolates are the most pathogenic. This is the first detailed report of species associated with GTDs in Morocco where new records of species worldwide are highlighted.
... Reveglia,et al. [100] demonstrated that a D. eres strain isolated from symptomatic grapevine wood produced phytotoxic secondary metabolites; one phytotoxin, nectriapyrone, was identified in several of our Diaporthe strains. Guarnaccia, Groenewald, Woodhall, Armengol, Cinelli, Eichmeier, Ezra, Fontaine, Gramaje and Gutierrez-Aguirregabiria [39] reported that D. eres was the Diaporthe species most commonly isolated in grapevines sampled in eight countries. Taken together, the fact that Diaporthe represents the majority of endophytes isolated in this study is not unexpected. ...
Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides, and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, which can protect hosts from pathogens, pests, and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes’ ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines’ survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
... Reveglia,et al. [52] demonstrated that a D. eres strain isolated from symptomatic grapevine wood produced phytotoxic secondary metabolites; one phytotoxin, nectriapyrone, was identified in several of our Diaporthe strains. Guarnaccia, et al. [53] reported that D. eres was the Diaporthe species most commonly isolated in grapevines sampled in eight countries. Taken together, the fact that Diaporthe represents the majority of endophytes isolated in this study is not unexpected. ...
Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, can protect hosts from pathogens, pests and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes’ ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines’ survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
... B. dothidea was recorded first on giant sequoia (Vajna and Schwarczinger, 1998), and reported from walnut (Zabiák et al., 2023a) in Hungary. D. eres was isolated from grapevine (Kovács et al., 2014;Guarnaccia et al., 2018) and walnut (Zabiák et al., 2023a(Zabiák et al., , 2023b in Hungary. ...
The acreage of English walnut ( Juglans regia L.) is constantly expanding in Hungary, due to the favorable climatic conditions and economic importance. Last years, serious damage was reported from several orchards with high percentage of rotted, moldy kernels. The aim of this research was to identify the pathogens at different growth stages. Fungi were cultured from the spotty, shriveled and rotted kernels, and monosporic isolates were identified based on morphological characters and molecular markers (ITS region and tef1 locus sequences). Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe eres were identified in high proportion from symptomatic kernels. These species were also isolated from different parts of walnut trees in different seasons. D. eres was detected in a high proportion from asymptomatic buds in March, while the presence of both species was observed in symptomatic husks with Overnight Freezing-Incubation Technique (ONFIT) in June. Their optimal growth temperature defined to be between 20–25 °C, and the growth of D. eres isolates was completely inhibited at 35 °C.
... The isolate was grown for 15 days on MEA (HiMedia, Mumbai, India), OA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), and PDA at 21°C in darkness for the cultural characteriza tion (39). Color notations in parentheses are taken from the color chart of The Royal Horticultural Society London (40). ...
Plants of the genus Otoba have been the basis for the treatment of tropical diseases in indigenous communities of countries like Colombia. Despite the lack of knowledge about their bioactive principles, endophytic fungi derived from medicinal plants are a prolific source of innovative chemistry. We systematically investigated the secondary metabolite production of a previously undescribed species of Diaporthe , herein introduced as Diaporthe caliensis sp. nov., using different metabolomics approaches together with classical chemical screening. To get an outline of the chemical space produced by this fungus, an exploratory molecular networking (MN) analysis was undertaken. A major molecular family was found to contain the known 10-membered lactone phomol ( 1 ), together with other putative congeners as compound 3 . After isolation by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, we confirmed phomol ( 1 ) as the main reason for the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract. The unknown absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the synthesis of α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl (MTPA)-esters and chemical degradation experiments. Moreover, caliensolides A ( 2 ) and B ( 3 ) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated as novel butenolides structurally unrelated to 1 . Overall, the initial MN analysis incorrectly clustered compounds 1 and 3 within a single molecular family, despite evident differences in chemical structures and biosynthetic origin. Contrariwise, the unsupervised substructure discovery algorithm MS2LDA provided a deeper understanding of the fragmentation patterns and correctly clustered the polyketide-lactones produced by D. caliensis sp. nov. Our findings encourage the exploration of Colombian fungal diversity, which as demonstrated here could result in the discovery of new natural products.
IMPORTANCE
The integration of metabolomics-based approaches into the discovery pipeline has enabled improved mining and prioritization of prolific secondary metabolite producers such as endophytic fungi. However, relying on automated untargeted analysis tools might lead to misestimation of the chemical complexity harbored in these organisms. Our study emphasizes the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of the respective metabolites in addition to deep metabolome analysis for the correct interpretation of untargeted metabolomics approaches such as molecular networking. Additionally, it encourages the further exploration of endophytic fungi from traditional medicinal plants for the discovery of natural products.
... In contrast, it was more complex when construct-ing the phylogenetic trees. Despite the fact that Guarnaccia et al. [34] used only three genes (ITS, tub2, and tef-1a), other authors used up to five loci in previous papers [15,[35][36][37][38]. Santos et al. [39] proposed that tef-1a was a superior phylogenetic marker in Diaporthe compared to ITS, while Gomes et al. [15] considered tub2 and his to have higher resolutions than tef-1a and cal. ...
... In addition, it is also associated with other Diaporthe species causes kiwifruit rot during cold storage in Chile [47] and soybean seed decay in Serbia [48]. It also contributes to grape rot in Italy [49] and was found in Vitis vinifera samples in Portugal, Italy, France, Spain, the UK, and the Czech Republic [36]; however, its pathogenicity has not been tested. Dissanayake et al. [16] described its presence in Cornus sp., Anthoxanthum odoratum, Carlina vulgaris, and Dioscorea communis in Italy. ...
A cane disease of a non-commercial thornless blackberry cultivar (genus Rubus, subgenus Rubus Watson) obtained in a breeding program was observed in May 2021 in northern Spain during a field evaluation. Symptoms of the disease appeared in spring and firstly consisted of dark-brown lesions in the petioles, tips, and intermediate zones of the canes, finally causing the leaves, canes, and lateral shoots to die. Two strains were recovered from infected canes and identified by morphological characteristics and multigene analysis as Gnomoniopsis idaeicola (LPPAF-977) and Diaporthe rudis (LPPAF-981). Pathogenicity tests showed that both fungi caused shoot dieback when artificially inoculated, reproducing the symptoms originally observed. Moreover, tissue necrosis was enhanced when Diaporthe rudis and Gnomoniopsis idaeicola were co-inoculated. This is the first report of Diaporthe rudis and Gnomoniopsis idaeicola causing a potentially serious disease to blackberries in Spain.
... Most of the previous studies regarding Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi on English walnut have focused on the etiology of the disease. Because most of the fungal species belonging to these two families are commonly considered saprophytes or endophytes with opportunistic behavior (Agust ı-Brisach et al. 2019; Gomes et al. 2013;Guarnaccia et al. 2018;Phillips et al. 2008), the pathogenicity of all the fungal species associated with branch dieback and shoot blight of English walnut has had to be demonstrated prior to describing them as causal agents of the disease. In general, members of Botryosphaeriaceae are significantly more aggressive than those of Diaporthe. ...
Shoot blight and branch dieback of English walnut has been associated with a broad diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi worldwide. These pathogens affect both wood and fruit tissues, infecting the tree through mechanical or natural wounds. Fruit infections can play an important role in the life cycle of the disease. Thus, the effects of cultivar, and fruit maturity on English walnut fruit infection by Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and N. parvum) and Diaporthe (Diaporthe neotheicola and Dia. rhusicola) fungi were evaluated. The infection and disease progress from inoculated attached fruits or by inoculating fruit abscission wounds was evaluated both under laboratory and field conditions. An initial experiment evaluating two inoculation methods was conducted, but there were not significant differences in disease severity between inoculations with mycelial plugs or conidial suspensions. A total of eight cultivars were selected to evaluate their susceptibility to fruit infection, with ‘Chandler’ being the most susceptible for all the pathogens tested compared to the other cultivars. Botryosphaeriaceae showed higher aggressiveness on fruit collected at beginning- or middle summer, while Diaporthe showed similar aggressiveness regardless of fruit maturity stage. Botryosphaeriaceae fungi were able to colonize the entire surface of the inoculated fruit, reaching the peduncle and infecting the attached shoot; while Diaporthaceae fungi were not able to colonize the surface of the inoculated fruit quickly enough to infect the attached shoot before the peduncle was naturally separated from the shoot. Finally, we demonstrated that both Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi can infect shoots by inoculating the natural fruit abscission wounds in the field. This study generates new insights into the influence of fruit infection leading to shoot blight and branch dieback of English walnut caused by Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe fungi.
... Intensive pest and disease management programs account for a substantial portion of these costs, involving cultural practices, chemical and/or biological control product prices, and their application. Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most harmful diseases affecting this industry (Torcato et al., 2020;Guarnaccia et al., 2018). GTD fungi make up the largest group of pathogens known to infect grapes (Guarnaccia et al., 2018;Gramaje and Di Marco, 2015). ...
... Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most harmful diseases affecting this industry (Torcato et al., 2020;Guarnaccia et al., 2018). GTD fungi make up the largest group of pathogens known to infect grapes (Guarnaccia et al., 2018;Gramaje and Di Marco, 2015). GTDs are caused by wood-inhabiting fungi that cause spurs, canes, and/or cordons in mature and young plants' death, affecting the economic sustainability of viticulture in the future. ...
