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Diagrams of proposed relationships between working memory consolidation and long-term memory consolidation. a The serial relationship hypothesis. b The parallel relationship hypothesis
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An emerging area of research is focused on the relationship between working memory and long-term memory and the likely overlap between these processes. Of particular interest is how some information first maintained in working memory is retained for longer periods and eventually preserved in long-term memory. The process of stabilizing transient me...
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... are initiated simultaneously. Working memory consolidation may be an early step (perhaps even long-term memory encoding) in a single consolidation process that eventually leads to systems consolidation. Conversely, these may be separate processes that occur in parallel, at least in the early stages. This could occur in two ways, as illustrated in Fig. 1: first, a short-term consolidation process creates a stable working memory representation, which may be further strengthened during the long-term memory consolidation process or else forgotten. Second, a working memory representation is created via working memory consolidation and a long-term memory representation is created via a ...
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... The score of the AVLT delayed recall (AVLT-delayed) was also calculated based on the number of correctly recalled words, with a maximum score of 15. AVLT-delayed score is particularly critical for evaluating the consolidation and retention aspects of verbal memory (Alpherts et al., 2006;Cotton & Ricker, 2022). This includes remembering important information after a lapse in time, which measures the practical memory challenge that patients may face in daily experiences. ...
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Background
Cognition has long been regarded as a significant factor influencing individuals’ lives. Prior studies have underscored that self-esteem is associated with cognition, and there exists a knowledge gap regarding whether self-esteem remains associated with subsequent cognitive performance during adolescence, a crucial period for neurological development and influencing adult outcomes.
Methods
We conducted this population-based study using longitudinal data stretching three waves (2014, 2016, and 2018) of surveys from the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to explore the association between adolescents’ self-esteem in 2014 and cognitive performance in 2014, 2016, and 2018.
Results
The results of the present study showed that self-esteem during adolescence in 2014 was significantly associated with cognitive performance in 2014, 2016, and 2018. This association remained robust after an extensive range of covariate adjustments (e.g., adolescents, parental, and family characteristics).
Conclusion
The findings in this study provide further insight into the understanding of the related factors for cognitive development across the life course and highlight the importance of improving individual self-esteem during adolescence.
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While holding items in working memory has been shown to improve delayed long-term recall, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. One potential mechanism is working memory consolidation, which may facilitate the formation of novel associations between items during learning and lead to improved memory search at delayed retrieval. Forming novel associations via consolidation may share mechanisms with creative ability. The present research aims to explore how an individual’s creativity relates to the relationship between working memory consolidation and long-term memory. In Experiment 1, participants completed a stimulus identification task that manipulated the need for consolidation followed by a surprise delayed recognition task and measures of objective and self-reported creativity. While creativity scores were correlated with general performance on memory tasks, this effect was not related to working memory consolidation. In Experiment 2, participants were induced into either a creative or a non-creative state prior to completing the stimulus identification and delayed recognition tasks. Performance on these tasks was not significantly different between the groups and was again unrelated to working memory consolidation. The results of these two experiments suggest that creativity is not related to the mechanism underlying the effect of working memory consolidation on delayed recognition.
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