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Losses during transmission and high demand of high data rate by the end users have become the biggest challenges facing the telecommunication industries worldwide with Nigeria inclusive. Fiber optic cable as a channel of communication has been adapted worldwide in solving these problems but there is a little limitation in the place of multimode fib...
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... 1966 Kao & Hockham suggested the use of optical fiber, Corning Glass optical fiber with 20dB/km near 1 μm was invented in 1970 following by semiconductor laser with CW operation at room temperature also in 1970. It was later in 1980 onwards wide spread use of optical fiber communication using SMF and MMF started while in 1990, optical amplification (for increase repeater spacing) was first used and later in 2001 wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) for increase data rate was used [8]. Fiber optics cable are used for communication system in place of electrical cables because of the following; Electrical communication systems are affected by EMI, Electrical communication systems are associated with low bandwidth (4kHZ -telephone, 100-500MHz per km -Coaxial cable), Electrical communication systems are known for high attenuation (20Db/km -typically), [9] Electrical communication systems are known for high cost, this high cost is due to high cost of too many repeaters for a given bandwidth/data rate. For example, 32 channels (2.048Mbps) PCM link will require one repeater every 2km, Electrical communication systems are prone to tapping, and Electrical communication systems are bulky in nature [10], [11]. Reference [12]- [14], stated that fiber optics communication have brought about high speed communication which has directly affected the growth of industries directly. Figure 1, show the diagrammatical representation of optical fiber communication system which consist of the following component or system Transmitter: fiber optic communicate signal via LED (light communication) Optical fiber: Fiber optic is divided into two namely; single mode fiber and multimode fiber. These will be explained later in this paper. Receiver: it uses the process of photo detector to receive signal. 3. RESEARCH METHOD 3.1. Stages for the design of backhaul link (point to point) using fiber optic Before designing a long-distance fiber optic network, the following must be put into consideration. a. Survey must be done in order to know what is needed for carrying out the project, some of the parameters to be noted during survey include; the distance between the client end and the base station (BTS), where the network room or data centre will be located, the number of persons intended to use the network when completed and if there will be any other value-added services required by the client. b. Submission of quotation and network diagram by the fiber team, this is to enable the project team analyze the design and quotations to know the most suitable one for the project. c. Awarding of project d. Monitoring of the project from starting to finish e. ...
Context 2
... [12]- [14], stated that fiber optics communication have brought about high speed communication which has directly affected the growth of industries directly. Figure 1, show the diagrammatical representation of optical fiber communication system which consist of the following component or system Transmitter: fiber optic communicate signal via LED (light communication) Optical fiber: Fiber optic is divided into two namely; single mode fiber and multimode fiber. These will be explained later in this paper. ...
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Losses during transmission and high demand of high data rate by the end users have become the biggest challenges facing the telecommunication industries worldwide with Nigeria inclusive. Fiber optic cable as a channel of communication has been adapted worldwide in solving these problems but there is a little limitation in...
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Citations
... The simplest way to increase the change in magnetic flux is to use a strong magnet. Another way to achieve the same is to use two different magnets that are attached side-by-side with different dimensions [16,17]. ...
p>Biosensors depend on cantilevers have developed a promising tool for detecting biomedical, optical laser communication and many fields of interactions with high accuracy. We modeled the operation of cantilevers with two magnetic and coil using Ansys program. This simulation technique can capably be used to select the appropriate design and dimensions of cantilever with the geometry of system. The primary main of the magnetic design is to improve the geometry of the coil and shape to yield a highly uniform for 3D of optical fiber includes Silica Glass and Nickel cantilever, two magnets and one coil that apply to force on the cantilever cylinder is using as a cantilever in the designing of this case.In conclusion,resonant frequency( tuning applying cantilivier presented in the resracher have larger variable range by using 2-magnets with the coil.However,the adjusting of the system and changing the deminsions.Resolutions to this problematic contain tuning the modes of resonant frequency to produce by cantilivier with 2-magnets and coil when the signal pass from laser source. Based on these simulations and characterization results, the proposed assembly can be a good applicant for evolving a low price, high material platform for many biological, laser optical fiber, communication, machine learning, biosensors and biomedical applications.</p
Abstract The telecommunication industry in Ghana has undergone various stages of transformation. The industry has experienced exponential growth over the last decades. Sustaining this growth hinges on efficient infrastructural deployment and management. Fiber optics technology has become the primary network infrastructure and a communication medium, which provides higher bandwidth capacity high speed for current and emerging technologies. As the demand for new technology and services increases, fiber optics technology brings the promise of a flexible, scalability, full‐service network platform with potentially unlimited capacity. Although mobile network operators have invested significantly and strategically in fiber optic infrastructure, there has been an increase in the number of network outages caused by frequent failures in fiber optics networks such as fiber cable cuts. Fiber cable cuts have become the single most significant cause of transmission failure or disruption to telecommunication services in Ghana with an enormous impact on the subscriber's experience. This research seeks to investigate the challenges in fiber cable deployment in Ghana, with emphasis on the technical, regulatory, managerial challenges and recommend the appropriate solutions. The challenges of frequent fiber cuts can be attributed to external factors such as dig‐ups during road construction. Lack of regulatory guidelines and policies on fiber deployment and management poses a major threat to the fiber management in Ghana.
