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Diagrammatic explanation for the time constant (τ) of input of an EKG amplifier. A, τ = 5 s, B, τ = 0.1 s. arrows indicate noise abruptly induced by the body movement. Square area data is not registered due to scaling out.
Source publication
This study provides evidence that a time series analysis (modified detrended fluctuation analysis, mDFA) is practically distinguish happy- and stressed hearts. This endures that the scaling exponent (scaling index, SI, or alpha, α) can characterize the state of heartbeats. We learned from various challenges of case studies; for example, the Wolff–P...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... a neuronal cell, the minimum fluctuation ranges 1-10 ms (e.g., Figure 2A shown in Ref. [13]). In a myocardial cell, the fluctuation ranges up to 50 ms (e.g., Figure 4 of Widemann's paper [14]). ...
Context 2
... to this "slow" time constant, we can easily recognize the appearance of abnormal traces (relatively slowly changing voltage traces) in EKG, such as Figure 1A blue and black lines. However, if a patient moves during EKG recording, strong movement generates a large noise (see white arrows in Figure 2) that induces scaling out from the screen of PC (see Figure 2A). In such occasions, a part of EKG's voltage traces are not recorded. ...
Context 3
... to this "slow" time constant, we can easily recognize the appearance of abnormal traces (relatively slowly changing voltage traces) in EKG, such as Figure 1A blue and black lines. However, if a patient moves during EKG recording, strong movement generates a large noise (see white arrows in Figure 2) that induces scaling out from the screen of PC (see Figure 2A). In such occasions, a part of EKG's voltage traces are not recorded. ...
Context 4
... such occasions, a part of EKG's voltage traces are not recorded. In short, a few heartbeats are not registered (see Figure 2A, heartbeats numbered 3, 4, 5, and 6, shown in black). Thus, slow time constant machines lead to imperfect data acquisition if individuals move. ...
Context 5
... that reason, we determined our EKG amplifier has a small time constant (0.1 s), as shown in Figure 2B. Here, a large movement noise does not induce a large scaling out phenomenon (white arrow in Figure 2B). ...
Context 6
... that reason, we determined our EKG amplifier has a small time constant (0.1 s), as shown in Figure 2B. Here, a large movement noise does not induce a large scaling out phenomenon (white arrow in Figure 2B). Figure 3 shows our EKG amplifier's electric circuit, no other fancy circuit such as a hum-filter was added. ...
