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Volcanic soils which comprise a minor portion worldwide are generally characterized by their high natural fertility yet susceptible to soil erosion due to their fragility. Regardless of which, the success in soil management to maintain its quality depends on the understanding of how the soil properties respond to its disturbance through tillage pra...
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Context 1
... design was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments and four replications ( Figure 2). Tillage treatments were; conventional tillage (T1) in which we dug the soil with a hoe up to more than 30 cm and the residues were fully incorporated, no residue was left at the surface and this technique is what is generally adapted for seed preparation by many farmers countrywide. ...
Context 2
... design was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments and four replications ( Figure 2). Tillage treatments were; conventional tillage (T1) in which we dug the soil with a hoe up to more than 30 cm and the residues were fully incorporated, no residue was left at the surface and this technique is what is generally adapted for seed preparation by many farmers countrywide. ...
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Core Ideas
Manure improved soil hydrological properties in comparison with those of inorganic fertilizer and control.
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Citations
... Light dry season from end-December to mid-February, heavy rainy season from mid-February to June, heavy dry season from June to end-August, and light rainy season from end-August to end-December are the four seasons in Busogo Sector. The majority of people in Busogo Sector live in rural areas and work in agriculture; potatoes, maize, wheat, beans, and vegetables are the main crops grown there (Uwiringiyimana, 2019). The second field experiment took place in the field of COFAR (Cooperative defacilitateurs de Rubavu) which is located in Rugerero Sector, Muhira Cell, Rubavu District, Western Province. ...
A study on"Influence of mulching materials on yield and economic returns of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Gisesero and Muhira sites of Rwanda" was conducted from 20 th February to 10 th July, 2022 with the main objective of investigating the influence of different mulches yield of Irish potato and to identify the effective mulching materials for potato producers recommendation. Water shortage, lack of irrigation facilities, high cost of weeding as well as high weed infestation were the problem found in the potato production at farm level. To find out the efficiency of different mulching materials, a field experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments: Control (T1), Dead mulch made of bean stalk (T2), Live/Mucuna pruriens(T3), Live/ Desmodium uncinatum(T4) and Live/ Lablab purpureus (T5) replicated four times. The data on different physical growth and yield parameters were taken over agricultural season before and at harvesting. Data entry and analysis was done using MS-Excel and OPSTAT software. The ANOVA was performed followed by the Duncan's multiple range tests for separation of means into homogenous groups using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at various levels of significance. From the experiment it was found that the highest tuber yield was obtained in bean stalk mulch for both Gisesero and Muhira sites, 31.92 tha-1 and 30.5 tha-1 respectively, which was followed by live/Desmodium uncinatun (27.31 tha-1) for Gisesero site and live/Lablab purpureus (27.31 tha-1) for Muhira site, Live Mucuna pruriens for both Gisesero and Muhira sites, 21.63 tha-1 and 19.96 tha-1 respectively, Live Lablab purpureus (18.28 tha-1) at Gisesero site and Desmodium uncinatum (18.13 tha-1) at Muhira site, and lowest tuber yield was obtained in control condition for both Gisesero and Muhira sites,15.59 tha-1 and 15.88 tha-1 respectively. In case of economics, the highest benefit cost ratio was found in bean stalk mulch (3.49) for Muhira site and 3.57 for Gisesero site. Thus, this practice is the most effective mulching material for the high production of potato at Gisesero and Muhira sites of Rwanda.
... However, their vulnerability to contamination has never been studied. The karst areas in the northwest parts of Rwanda are typically vulnerable regions because of high population growth estimated at 445 to 900 inhabitants per square kilometer (Munanura et al. 2016;Uwiringiyimana et al. 2019) and that increases pressure on water resources. In this high rainfall area and sloppy landscape, the Volcanoes Nation Park (VNP) forest, which covers 160 square kilometers, facilitates infiltration, decreases runoff, and releases steady streams to downstream lands (Munanura et al. 2016). ...
... Unfortunately, since the 1960s to 1970s the park was highly degraded, where about 50% of its total area has been transformed into agricultural land (Derhé et al. 2020). The volcanic terrain of Rwanda is the main producer of Irish potatoes among the agriculture regions of Rwanda and ranks first in the use of NPK-based fertilizers in the country (Uwitonze 2016;Uwiringiyimana et al. 2019). The area receives abundant rainfall, and has many springs and lakes; however, this is not a guarantee for water security because water quality and quantity may be affected by the heterogeneous nature of karst aquifers which makes it difficult to predict groundwater flow, residence time, contamination, and transport (Bonacci et al. 2009). ...
The groundwater of karst environments is vulnerable to pollution due to its heterogeneous nature and can be completely depleted due to its strong connection to surface water when predominantly driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. This particular landscape is the main source of drinking water in different parts of the world. Karst Hydrological of Rwanda hosts surface and groundwater resources. Moreover, groundwater is the main source of domestic water use in that area. The surface water is threatened by drying of crater lakes, changes of other lakes, and obstruction of sinkholes swallowing water from streams and runoff. Those problems may have direct and long-term impacts on groundwater recharge. The information on the hydrogeological characteristics of surface and groundwater, groundwater-surface water interaction, was limited. This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics, similarities, and interactions of surface groundwater. To understand long-term impacts of surface water challenges on groundwater when are connected, statistical analyses and Piper diagram were used to achieve the objectives. The results showed a strong correlation among spring waters, reflecting similarity in the water origins. The Piper diagram classified the water as bicarbonate water (\({\mathrm{HCO}}_{3}^{-}\), Ca2+, Mg2+). The analysis of variance between surface water and groundwater did not show significant differences at the 0.05 level, which explains a relationship. The results showed a strong similarity and interaction between surface and groundwater. The findings of this study are important for water managers in consideration of future management since current problems on surface water may affect groundwater and community depending on that resource.
... The site is characterized by 2300m of altitude, latitude of 1 o 33'26'S and the longitude of 29 o 32'39'E and the precipitations ranging between 1400 and 1800mm. The soils are classified into the andisol or andosol type, also known as volcanic soils, with the pH ranging between 5.7 and 5.8 (Uwiringiyimana et al., 2019). Five determinate tomato varieties: Roma VF, Cal-J, Rionex, Sifa F1 and Assila F1 were used in the experiment. ...
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) remains an important horticultural crop in Rwanda and its domestic demand is increasing with the population growth. However, the knowledge of Rwandan farmers on the variety that can increase yield in different production circumstances stays also unidentified. For this reason, the performance of five determinate tomato varieties (Assila F1, Sifa F1, Roma VF, Rionex and Cal-J) was evaluated at College's farm. They were cultivated under low temperatures (11-12.5 o C minimum and 20-23 o C maximum). All varieties showed differences in height, number of leaves and stem diameter. The varieties that supported a high number of leaves limited the light distribution along the whole plant and therefore resulted in low chlorophyll content. The nutritional value characteristics were significantly different for all varieties. A positive relationship between number of clusters per plant and fruits yield was observed. The highest yield was obtained on Assila F1 (35.8tha-1) and Roma VF (27.4tha-1). Therefore, Assila F1 could be chosen as the best hybrid that can be grown by farmers under low temperature areas due to the yield and fruits' quality observed. Roma VF could also be selected as the best performer among the evaluated homozygous genotypes for their acceptable characters.
