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Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were almost chosen as the first option for biological and biosensor applications due to their enhancement and their outstanding properties. The combining of optical fiber with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for forming a biosensor is widely used in diagnosis. In this work, we report a fiber optical biosensor...
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... Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are preferred for chemical and biosensor applications due to their exceptional features, including excellent compatibility, intense light scattering/absorption, high surface area to volume ratios, selective interoperability through electrostatic interaction, stable structure, and non-toxicity. Additionally, AuNPs are harnessed for the excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, extensively explored in recent sensing platforms owing to its significant advantages [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. This phenomenon in metallic nanostructures is linked to the resonance of free-electron waves in metal, where incident light resonates with the oscillations of surface electrons at an excitation frequency, resulting in the collective oscillation of surface plasmons, known as an LSPR mode. ...
This article introduces an innovative sensor designed to explore the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect using optical fiber technology for the detection of pesticide Thiram. The proposed configuration consists of an etched silica multimode optical fiber coated with gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layers able to modulate the reflected signal. What sets this sensor apart is its ability to stimulate LSPR modes for single AuNPs, i.e. single layer, and aggregation states of nanoparticles or multilayer. This capability has been demonstrated through both numerical simulations and experimental results. Furthermore, the device has been applied to detect a specific pesticide, Thiram, serving as an illustrative example of chemical sensing, for concentrations within 0.1–100 µM, and achieving a low limit of detection (LOD) below 5 nM.
... Amine silanization is based on the principle of positive and negative adsorption effects. It entails the use of solutions like (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane [62] (APTES) or (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane [63] (APTMS) to aminofunctionalize the surface of the optical fiber through an amination reaction, thus imparting a positive charge. Consequently, the negatively charged nanoparticles can be bound to the positively charged optical fiber surface through electrostatic forces, particularly the interaction of ionic bonds. ...
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, which enable nanoscale confinement and manipulation of light, offer the enhanced sensitivity and electromagnetic energy localization. The integration of LSPR with the fiber-optic technology has led to the development of compact and versatile sensors for miniaturization and remote sensing. This comprehensive review explores various sensor configurations, fiber types, and geometric shapes, highlighting their benefits in terms of sensitivity, integration, and performance improvement. Fabrication techniques such as focused non-chemical bonding strategies and self-assembly of nanoparticles are discussed, providing control over nanostructure morphology and enhancing sensor performance. Bio-applications of fiber-optic LSPR (FOLSPR) sensors are detailed, specifically in biomolecular interactions and analysis of proteins, pathogens and cells, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and other small molecules (organic compounds and heavy metal ions). Surface modification and detection schemes are emphasized for their potential for label-free and real-time biosensing. The challenges and prospects of FOLSPR sensors are addressed, including the developments in sensitivity, fabrication techniques, and measurement reliability. Integration with emerging technologies such as nanomaterials is highlighted as a promising direction for future research. Overall, this review provides insights into the advancements and potential applications of FOLSPR sensors, paving the way for sensitive and versatile optical biosensing platforms in various fields.
... Sau biến tính amin, mẫu được làm khô tự nhiên và ngâm trong dung dịch Ag-NPs có thể tích cố định là 2 mL cho 1 mẫu (1 × 1) cm trong 2 giờ. Tất cả các nhóm liên kết hình thành trong qui trình đã được chứng minh trong nghiên cứu trước đó của tác giả [5]. MB đã được sử dụng làm chất thử nghiệm trong nghiên cứu này từ nồng độ (10 −4 -10 −8 ) M. Phương pháp phổ Raman được sử dụng để phát hiện các dao động đặc trưng của MB như là biến dạng của khung C−N−C, dao động uốn của nhóm C−H cùng mặt phẳng, biến dạng vòng cùng mặt phẳng của C−H, dao động đối xứng của nhóm C−N, dao động của liên kết C−C trong vòng thơm 6C. ...
Tán xạ Raman tăng cường bề mặt là một trong những phương pháp đang thu hút được rất nhiều sự quan tâm trong lĩnh vực cảm biến. Việc sử dụng có hiệu quả trường điện từ trên bề mặt của các hạt nano kim loại quý sinh ra từ hiệu ứng cộng hưởng plasmon bề mặt cục bộ là một trong những giải pháp hàng đầu giúp cải thiện độ nhạy của phương pháp này. Các hạt nano bạc hình đa giác với hình dạng và kích thước được kiểm soát đạt độ đồng nhất tương đối tốt bằng phương pháp khử hóa học. Dựa trên khả năng liên kết tốt giữa bạc với các nhóm amin, phương pháp chế tạo lớp phủ đơn lớp tự sắp xếp trên đế thủy tinh đã được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này với mục đích ứng dụng trong tán xạ Raman tăng cường bề mặt và cải thiện độ ổn định của lớp phủ. Xanh methylene được sử dụng như một chất cần phân tích. Giới hạn phát hiện của lớp phủ Ag trên thủy tinh đối với xanh methylene đạt khoảng 10−8 M tương ứng với hệ số tăng cường là khoảng 108 lần; xác nhận tính khả thi của việc ứng dụng tán xạ Raman tăng cường bề mặt trong cảm biến để phát hiện nhanh và đơn giản các chất hữu cơ gây độc trong các lĩnh vực thực phẩm, môi trường. ® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
... Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are favored for chemical and biosensor applications due to their distinct features, including excellent compatibility, intense light scattering/absorption, high surface area to volume ratios, selective interoperability through electrostatic interaction, stable structure, and nontoxicity (Huong et al., 2021;Jain et al., 2006;Saha et al., 2012;Zeng et al., 2011). Additionally, AuNPs are employed for the excitation of a unique phenomenon known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), extensively explored in recent sensing platforms due to its significant advantages (Chau et al., 2006;Do et al., 2020;Guerreiro et al., 2014). ...
This study describes the basic principles of a fiber optic probe that exploits the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect achieved by depositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the fiber optic transducer. The idea is to read the absorbance spectra of AuNPs and its dependence on the environmental parameter, i.e. the surrounding refractive index, using optical fiber. Basically, we selected a thin optical fiber to encourage the presence of evanescent waves in the surrounding medium; furthermore, the fiber surface has been functionalized allowing the grafting of AuNPs while a silver mirror on the fiber tip allows readout for reflection configuration. The reflected spectra show absorbance characteristics related to single and aggregated AuNPs. In this article, the peaks absorbance, i.e. the depths of the reflected signal, were studied as a function of the surrounding refractive index for application in chemical sensing.
... Sau biến tính amin, mẫu được làm khô tự nhiên và ngâm trong dung dịch Ag-NPs có thể tích cố định là 2 mL cho 1 mẫu (1 × 1) cm trong 2 giờ. Tất cả các nhóm liên kết hình thành trong qui trình đã được chứng minh trong nghiên cứu trước đó của tác giả [5]. MB đã được sử dụng làm chất thử nghiệm trong nghiên cứu này từ nồng độ (10 −4 -10 −8 ) M. Phương pháp phổ Raman được sử dụng để phát hiện các dao động đặc trưng của MB như là biến dạng của khung C−N−C, dao động uốn của nhóm C−H cùng mặt phẳng, biến dạng vòng cùng mặt phẳng của C−H, dao động đối xứng của nhóm C−N, dao động của liên kết C−C trong vòng thơm 6C. ...
Tán xạ Raman tăng cường bề mặt là một trong những phương pháp đang thu hút được rất nhiều sự quan tâm trong lĩnh vực cảm biến. Việc sử dụng có hiệu quả trường điện từ trên bề mặt của các hạt nano kim loại quý sinh ra từ hiệu ứng cộng hưởng plasmon bề mặt cục bộ là một trong những giải pháp hàng đầu giúp cải thiện độ nhạy của phương pháp này. Các hạt nano bạc hình đa giác với hình dạng và kích thước được kiểm soát đạt độ đồng nhất tương đối tốt bằng phương pháp khử hóa học. Dựa trên khả năng liên kết tốt giữa bạc với các nhóm amin, phương pháp chế tạo lớp phủ đơn lớp tự sắp xếp trên đế thủy tinh đã được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này với mục đích ứng dụng trong tán xạ Raman tăng cường bề mặt và cải thiện độ ổn định của lớp phủ. Xanh methylene được sử dụng như một chất cần phân tích. Giới hạn phát hiện của lớp phủ Ag trên thủy tinh đối với xanh methylene đạt khoảng 10−8 M tương ứng với hệ số tăng cường là khoảng 108 lần; xác nhận tính khả thi của việc ứng dụng tán xạ Raman tăng cường bề mặt trong cảm biến để phát hiện nhanh và đơn giản các chất hữu cơ gây độc trong các lĩnh vực thực phẩm, môi trường. ® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
... So far, some designs have been introduced to sense the concentration of BSA protein. In [17], an LSPR sensor has been presented based on an optical fiber. A microfluidic structure with a 1 cm long sensing region has been applied for this device. ...
... Also, the use of lenses and reflectors in this design substantially increases the dimensions of the sensing region. Finally, it seems that using optical fibers to sense the concentration of BSA protein is very common in technologies other than integrated optics [1,[17][18][19][20]. ...
This paper presents the design and full-wave analysis of a label free biosensor based on a plasmonic nanodisk resonator with a radius of 350 nm to sense the concentration of water-soluble Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein. The finite element method (FEM) has been used to analyze its optical characteristics and sensing performance. The designed biosensor has a compact structure with a higher quality factor, narrower FWHM, higher sensitivity, and larger FOM compared to similar plasmonic refractive-index sensors.
... [26,27]. The capability of DNA immobilization is enhanced by including metal nanoparticles which exhibit great congruence with bio-molecules [28,29,30]. However, the covalent immobilization of Au nanoparticles with GO acknowledges better resilience and strengthens the electronic competency of one another, and results in increased sensitivity. ...
The gold nanoparticles-graphene oxide (AuNs-GO) nanocomposite customized screen-printed paper electrode (AuNs-GO/SPPE) immobilized the Lipl-41gene-specific 5'NH2 labeled single-stranded DNA probe for early diagnosis of leptospirosis using the electrochemical approach. GO nanoparticle was synthesized using the modified hummer's method and reduced chloroauric tetra acid to form gold nanoparticles stabilized graphene oxide (AuNs-GO) nanocomposite. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measured the sensor response after hybridization with ssGDNA of L. interrogans. The sensitivity of the developed DNA sensor was calculated as 1487.4 µA/cm 2 /ng for ssGDNA of L. interrogans using CV studies with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.002 ng/µl. The nanocomposite was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrode surface modification was also monitored by EIS using potassium-ferricyanide (PBS buffer, 1 mM of pH7.2) as a redox indicator dye. The promising results show that the developed biosensor can become a point-of-need (PON) detection method for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis as it has better sensitivity and specificity, low cost, and rapid response time.
... The principle of aminosilanization is positive and negative binding. The most common aminosilanization is to use a solution such as (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) [38] or (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) [39] for amination. The aminated fibers are positively charged, and the gold nanoparticles are negatively charged [35]. ...
Fiber-optic biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have the advantages of great biocompatibility, label-free, strong stability, and real-time monitoring of various analytes. LSPR fiber-optic biosensors have attracted extensive research attention in the fields of environmental science, clinical medicine, disease diagnosis, and food safety. The latest development of LSPR fiber-optic biosensors in recent years has focused on the detection of clinical disease markers and the detection of various toxic substances in the environment and the progress of new sensitization mechanisms in LSPR fiber-optic sensors. Therefore, this paper reviews the LSPR fiber-optic sensors from the aspects of working principle, structure, and application fields in biosensors. According to the structure, the sensor can be divided into three categories: traditional ordinary optical fiber, special shape optical fiber, and specialty optical fiber. The advantages and disadvantages of existing and future LSPR fiber-optic biosensors are discussed in detail. Additionally, the prospect of future development of fiber-optic biosensors based on LSPR is addressed.
... The gold nanocrystals showed three unique peaks at 2θ = 38.08°, 44.62°, and 75.14°, which corresponded to conventional (111), (200), and (311) planes of the FCC lattice [29,30]. For the PDMS substrate, a sharp diffraction peak and an enormously broad diffraction peak appeared at 2θ = 12.08° and 23°, respectively [31]. ...
Wearable biosensors have the potential for developing individualized health evaluation and detection systems owing to their ability to provide continuous real-time physiological data. Among various wearable biosensors, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based wearable sensors can be versatile in various practical applications owing to their sensitive interactions with specific analytes. Understanding and analyzing endocrine responses to stress is particularly crucial for evaluating human performance, diagnosing stress-related diseases, and monitoring mental health, as stress takes a serious toll on physiological health and psychological well-being. Cortisol is an essential biomarker of stress because of the close relationship between cortisol concentration in the human body and stress level. In this study, a flexible LSPR biosensor was manufactured to detect cortisol levels in the human body by depositing gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layers on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate. Subsequently, an aptamer was immobilized on the surface of the LSPR substrate, enabling highly sensitive and selective cortisol capture owing to its specific cortisol recognition. The biosensor exhibited excellent detection ability in cortisol solutions of various concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000 nM with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. The flexible LSPR biosensor also demonstrated good stability under various mechanical deformations. Furthermore, the cortisol levels of the flexible LSPR biosensor were also measured in the human epidermis before and after exercise as well as in the morning and afternoon. Our biosensors, which combine easily manufactured flexible sensors with sensitive cortisol-detecting molecules to measure human stress levels, could be versatile candidates for human-friendly products.
... In recent years, the optical fiber has emerged as a feasible option for sensing applications because of its small size, precision, remote sensing, and high sensitivity [1]. There are numerous versions of optical fibers, including single-mode fibers [2], multimode fibers [3], and micro-and nanostructured fibers [4]. Different types of sensing approaches are used in an optical fiber, including Bragg gratings, long-period gratings, interferometers, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence [5]. ...
The hollow-core fiber-based sensor has garnered high interest due to its simple structure and low transmission loss. A new hollow-core negative-curvature fiber (HC-NCF) sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is proposed in this work. The cladding region is composed of six circular silica tubes and two elliptical silica tubes to reduce fabrication complexity. Chemically stable gold is used as a plasmonic material on the inner wall of the sensor structure to induce the SPR effect. The proposed sensor detects a minor variation in the refractive indices (RIs) of the analyte placed in the hollow core. Numerical investigations are carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Through the optimization of structural parameters, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU and the highest resolution of 2.5 × 10 −5 RIU are achieved in the RI range of 1.31 to 1.36. In addition, an improved figure of merit (FOM) of 2000 RIU −1 for Y-polarization and 857.1 RIU −1 for X-polarization is obtained. Because of its simple structure, high sensitivity, high FOM, and low transmission loss, the proposed sensor can be used as a temperature sensor, a chemical sensor, and a biosensor.
