Figure 2 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The promising power-to-gas (P2G) technology makes it possible for wind farms to absorb carbon and trade in multiple energy markets. Considering the remoteness of wind farms equipped with P2G systems and the isolation of different energy markets, the scheduling process may suffer from inefficient coordination and unstable information. An automated s...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... P2G technology generally include two main steps of electrolysis (2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2 ) and methanation (CO 2 + 4H 2 → CH 4 + 2H 2 O). Typical energy conversion process of a P2G system is shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the first and crucial step is electrolysis, which consumes wind power to electrolyze water. ...
Context 2
... P2G technology generally include two main steps of electrolysis (2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2 ) and methanation (CO 2 + 4H 2 → CH 4 + 2H 2 O). Typical energy conversion process of a P2G system is shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the first and crucial step is electrolysis, which consumes wind power to electrolyze water. The produced hydrogen can be pumped into hydrogen tanks for storage and to supply hydrogen loads-e.g., hydrogen powered vehicles. ...
Context 3
... day-ahead wind power output curve in the wind farm for real-time scheduling is shown in Figure A1 in Appendix A, which is adapted from [34] with some scaling according to their rated powers. Several typical day-ahead predicted curves of wind power output as the potential contract items are shown in Figure A2 in Appendix A, which are from [35] and some modifications have been made on this basis. Day-ahead scheduling results of the remote wind farm with a P2G system in multiple energy markets including electricity, gas, and carbon are solved off-chain by the wind farm owner. ...
Citations
... The study of Ji et al. [56] address issues related to the efficient coordination of wind farms equipped with power-to-gas (P2G) systems across multiple energy markets. The challenges posed include handling the remote locations of wind farms, ensuring secure and reliable coordination, and managing complex smart contracts with limited logic complexity. ...
The energy sector is undergoing a period of technological transformation, driven by the emergence of blockchain and smart contracts. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize energy markets and significantly reduce transaction costs, improve efficiency, and increase transparency. The rising energy prices in recent years have been a cause for global concern. As the EU recorded historically high energy prices in 2022, according to the EU Council, this price rise is linked to increased energy demand following the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the acceleration of climate change. This paper aims to critically examine the current state of blockchain and smart contracts technology in the energy sector, focusing on use cases, key challenges, and potential solutions. It further explores the impact of these technologies on energy markets and their potential to contribute to a sustainable, low-carbon energy future. Finally, it examines the prospects of blockchain and smart contract technologies to transform the energy industry and the policy implications for governments and regulators.
... The same mechanism was also proposed for peer-to-peer transaction in virtual power plant [77]. The power-to-gas technology provides to wind farms the ability to absorb carbon for further trade in multiple energy markets [78]. By an automated scheduling framework enabled by smart contracts, it becomes possible to establish reliable coordination between wind farms and multiple energy markets [79]. ...
Carbon markets, particularly emission trading schemes (ETS) and carbon offset projects, are significant mechanisms in climate change mitigation. However, there are still a number of unresolved issues regarding their attractiveness and efficient functioning. Blockchain, as the core of "3D's concept" (including decentralization, decarbonization and digitalization), could be considered as a candidate solution for carbon markets' improvement. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the role of blockchain in ETS and carbon offset projects, its key features, implementation challenges and proposed applications, by analyzing and discussing the content of relevant studies, and grouping the results into domains. This study's findings show that blockchain has great potential to be adopted in carbon markets. However, there is no data on blockchain use cases in energy efficiency, chemical processes and industrial manufacturing, waste disposal, and agriculture. Blockchain-based household and transportation carbon offset projects are linked to renewables through energy trading. Renewables and forestry are the most appropriate domains for blockchain adoption, considering various criteria of quality for carbon offset projects. Blockchain is currently immature in carbon markets because of its own drawbacks and challenges. This study also highlights research gaps and offers research directions to inspire researchers for conducting related investigations.
... Cai et al. [35], in their study, created a smart contract to control the availability of sensitive data in the information management system. Ji et al. [36] proposed a smart contract framework for automated scheduling for remote wind farms. The wind farm and many energy markets trust each other to transfer a certain set of real-time buy/sell volumes as agreed in the smart contract. ...
Today, enterprises are multitasking, with branches set up all over the world. Virtual enterprises are created to make better use of existing resources, improve the quality of manufactured products and agilely respond to customer requirements. In order to fully meet the requirements of enterprises, a decentralized structure of data registration and transmission and authentication of network users is needed. The information collected via the Internet of Things and flowing based on the properties of the Blockchain (BC) network facilitates enterprise resource planning and enables the integration of internal processes, especially when planning, changing the current or introducing new production. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of using a common data register in BC technology, which enables a number of applications related to the automation of the process of selecting human resources for production tasks. The paper presents an analysis of the problem related to the integration of production scheduling and human resource management with blockchain technology. Also presented is a literature analysis on scheduling, blockchain technology and data storage in the blockchain network. The analysis presents how the blockchain network works and how exactly it fits into production engineering with its advantages and disadvantages. An employee evaluation method based on the resource work history and determination of its current value within individual competencies is presented. The integration of production scheduling and human resource management with the use of BC technology is simulated. The most important advantage is faster and more effective planning thanks to the elimination of all intermediary channels in the flow of production transactions. Production tasks are balanced with production capacity in entities belonging to the virtual enterprise in parallel. For future research, different online planning algorithms will be developed and compared to achieve consortium members’ consensus on production and human resources planning.
... Considering the remoteness of wind farms equipped with P2G systems and the isolation of different energy markets, the scheduling process may suffer from inefficient coordination and unstable information. An automated scheduling approach is proposed in the work of Ji et al. [4]. Firstly, an automated scheduling framework enabled by smart contract is established for reliable coordination between wind farms and multiple energy markets. ...
The Paris Agreement establishes a process to combine Nationally Determined Contributions with the long-term goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 °C and even to 1 [...]
