FIGURE 8 - uploaded by Alessandro Oliveira de Souza
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Diagnostic morphological characters of the species of the Paniculatae series: A: shrubby erect habit in Ch. claussenii. B: shrubby decumbent habit in Ch. ustulata. C: arboreal habit in Ch. orbiculata. D: longitudinally fissured bark in Ch. celiae. E: waxy bark in Ch. claussenii. F: alternate spiral leaves in Ch. claussenii. G: long and divaricate leaflets in Ch. claussenii. H: prominent veins on both sides and coriaceous in Ch. claussenii. I: inflorescence axes viscous in Ch. celiae. J: paniculate inflorescences in Ch. claussenii. K: racemous inflorescences in Ch. tocantinensis. l. asymmetric flowers with adaxial petal similar to a standard in Ch. orbiculata.
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Chamaecrista is a monophyletic genus, comprises approximately 330 tropical species classified into six sections of which
Chamaecrista sect. Absus is the largest of them with 190 species, four subsections, and 31 series. Series Paniculatae comprises
seven species (13 taxa) mainly distributed in the Brazilian Savanna and has been pointed as a paraphy...
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... racemes, as in Ch. tocantinensis; asymmetric flowers, with pale yellow or dark petals, the adaxial petal similar to a standard and larger than the others or sometimes similar in size and shape to one of the adaxial petals, and one of the anterior petals interposed to the stamens (10), with laterally pubescent anthers with or without mucron (Fig. 8). Among the typical characters of Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae, the adaxial petal like a standard and the divaricate leaflets also occur in other series of the genus such as Rigidulae, as reported by Irwin & Barneby (1982) and Souza et al. (2019) for members of Ch. sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Ochnaceae (e.g., Ch. ...
Citations
... With more than 360 species and being one of the largest Caesalpinioideae genera in the Leguminosae (Lewis 2005;LPWG 2021), Chamaecrista (L.) Moench comprises groups of taxa with hazy delimitation, particularly at the infraspecific level. Over the past decade, close inspection of such taxonomic issues using anatomical and other morphological data led to synonymization (Rando et al. 2013Cota et al. 2020;Oliveira et al. 2021) or up-ranking of varieties to species level (Rando et al. 2013;Mendes et al. 2020). Despite these improvements, taxonomic complexes still abound in Chamaecrista, especially in its largest infrageneric assembly. ...
Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Traditionally, it has been divided into six
sections, of which Chamaecrista sect. Absus is the largest, with 31 series. Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae comprises nine species. Chamaecrista
setosa is the most widely distributed species, comprising four varieties, distinguished by the type and distribution of glandular trichomes, and
the leaflet venation. Given the importance of leaflet venation in the delimitation of the taxa, here we performed a study of leaflet architecture of
all species of the series and a more detailed morphological study for the Chamaecrista setosa complex. For the study of leaf architecture, 2D
images of the leaflets were made using the Faxitron x-ray technique. The morphological studies were based on herbarium specimens. We present
the details of the leaflet architecture for the species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae, and we propose nomenclatural changes for a variety
of Chamaecrista setosa and some corrections to typifications. During our studies we also found a new species, Chamaecrista forzzae, which is
morphologically similar to Chamaecrista setosa and Chamaecrista multiseta. It is here described and illustrated
... Paniculatae (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Souza et al. 2019;Mendes et al. 2020). The ITS/5.8S and ETS trees were better resolved than those from the trnL-F analysis. ...
... However, the sister groups of C. ericifolia and C. strictifolia were not clear because their relationships were not well supported. Clades D, E and F (PP $ 0.97, Fig. 1 (Souza et al. 2019;Mendes et al. 2020). Together with Clades B and C these are subclades of Clade A (Fig. 1), which is composed of species mostly with ascending leaves and incrassate (Supplemental Table S1) and glabrous leaflets (except species of Clades D and E, Fig. 1), many of them treated in C. series Rigidulae (Bentham 1870). ...
... Together with Clades B and C these are subclades of Clade A (Fig. 1), which is composed of species mostly with ascending leaves and incrassate (Supplemental Table S1) and glabrous leaflets (except species of Clades D and E, Fig. 1), many of them treated in C. series Rigidulae (Bentham 1870). Mendes et al. (2020) and our analyses increased the sampling of the Souza et al. (2019) study by adding additional species of C. series Rigidulae sensu Bentham (1870) and they recovered a similar polytomy in Clade A (Fig. 1), showing the unresolved relationships within Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. ...
Plants from Brazilian campos rupestres usually present morphological strategies that allow them to survive in extreme environments. However, in Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), one of the most diverse genera in the campos rupestres, needle-like leaflets are rare. Reviewing the species that present such leaf morphology, we describe Chamaecrista acicularis, a new species from the Canastra Range, in the southwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. acicularis is not closely related to other quite similar needle-like leafleted species and that this trait evolved convergently. We also present comments on the phylogenetic relationships of needle-like leafleted species as well as the evolution of the leaflet amplitude, and a detailed description of C. acicularis alongside illustrations, photos, geographical distribution, a key to the needle-like leafleted species and taxonomic notes on similar species. Additionally, we expand the description of Chamaecrista strictifolia and present an informal conservation status for all needle-like leafleted species.
... Their study supported the monophyly of section Xerocalyx and suggested that it would better be considered a subcategory of section Chamaecrista. More recently, Rando et al. (2016), Souza et al. (2019a) and Mendes, Souza & Silva (2020) These three studies demonstrated new species-level relationships and indicated that the classification of Chamaecrista proposed by Irwin & Barneby (1982) at section and series level did not reflect our current phylogenetic knowledge of the genus. ...
... Our sampling covers > 67% of all Chamaecrista spp., all sections and subsections and 34 out of 39 of the traditionally recognized series (sensu Irwin & Barneby, 1982), covering the pantropical distribution of the genus, sampling 95% American species and 5% extra-American species. In this broad approach, we used the two most commonly used markers in previously published phylogenetic analyses of Chamaecrista, namely ITS (nrDNA) and trnL-F (plastid DNA) (Conceição et al., 2009;Rando et al., 2016;Souza et al., 2019a;Mendes et al., 2020). We sampled 232 species (286 accessions), 217 species belong to Chamaecrista (270 accessions) and the other 15 species (16 accessions) belong to selected outgroup taxa including Cassia (three species), Senna (seven species), Melanoxylon Schott in K.Sprengel (one species), Recordoxylon Ducke (one species), Vouacapoua Aubl. ...
... The complete list of accessions, sequences generated in this study and those obtained from GenBank from previous studies of the genus (e.g. Conceição et al., 2009;Torres et al., 2011;Rando et al., 2016;Souza et al., 2019a;Mendes et al., 2020), and vouchers are presented in Table 1. ...
Chamaecrista with > 330 species, six sections, three subsections and 39 series has had a long and complex taxonomic history. The genus is monophyletic, but most of its traditional infrageneric categories are not. To test the monophyly of sections, subsections and series of Chamaecrista, we used two molecular phylogenetic approaches. The first (Broad) based on two DNA regions (ITS and trnL-F) includes a comprehensive sampling of Chamaecrista spp. and infrageneric taxa. The second (Multilocus) is based on four molecular regions (ITS, ETS, trnL-F and trnE-T) for a smaller but representative sampling. We performed ancestral character reconstructions to identify morphological characters that could serve as synapomorphies for major clades. Both molecular approaches support Chamaecrista and sections Apoucouita, Grimaldia and Xerocalyx as monophyletic, but sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Absus and most of the series are not monophyletic. The four main clades recovered are all characterized by a combination of morphological characters: a clade of tree species with cauliflorous inflorescences (including species of section Apoucouita); a mostly Brazilian campo rupestre clade (including all species of subsections Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum and Otophyllum); a clade of mostly herbaceous/shrubby species with solitary flowers or fascicles (including sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx and extra-American species) and a clade (with three main subclades) of species with viscous indumentum (including section Grimaldia and section Absus subsection Absus). We propose a new infrageneric classification for Chamaecrista supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphology, recognizing the four main clades as sections Apoucouita, Baseophyllum, Chamaecrista and Absus, the last with three subsections (Absus, Viscosa and Zygophyllum), but we do not recognize any previously circumscribed series. Our taxonomic treatment includes descriptions of and a key to the newly defined infrageneric taxa and an updated species list for the genus under the new classification.
... Absus ser. Paniculatae according to the circumscription admitted by Mendes et al. 2020, and corroborated here, has 13 species all present in Brazil, where 12 are endemic and one, Ch. Rigidifolia, also reaches Bolivia. ...
... Subsequently, Irwin & Barneby (1982) transferred it to the genus Chamaecrista since it had flowers the pedicels with two bracteoles, androecium actinomorphic with anthers of apical pores, in addition to elastically dehiscent fruits, making the following new combination Ch. celiae, which is maintained here. Mendes et al. (2020) in a molecular phylogeny of Ch. ser. Paniculatae discussed the relationships between its species and presented Ch. celilae as a valid species. ...
... Cota et al. (2020) subordinate Ch. celiae as a synonym for Ch. orbiculata arguing that both species are tenuously differentiated and reported that Mendes et al. (2020) presented both species in a clade weakly support. However, verifying the work of Mendes et al. (2020) we found both species in a clade with maximum Posterior Probability (PP 1) conventional Bayesian Inference statistics presented by them, which is why we decided to keep both species as dictated, also associated with the discontinuous diagnostic morphology presented by both as below. ...
Chamaecrista (L.) Moench is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae, with about 330 species, 258 of which are present in Brazil, mainly in Savanna areas in the central portion of the country. The genus is monophyletic and comprises six sections, including Ch. cect. Absus, the biggest one with ca. 180 species divided into four subsections and 31 series. Paniculatae series, as traditionally recognized, included 6 species (12 taxa). However, it recently had its circumscription changed from a phylogenetic study that made it a monophyletic group and subordinated 13 species recognized mainly by the generally large leaflets (1.5–9.3 × 1.2–9.5 cm long), orbicular, coriaceous and divaricate, young branches and axis of inflorescences viscous and flowers with posterior petal similar to a standard. Despite this, and considering the recent changes, its species remain scarcely known taxonomically, with typification problems, poorly illustrated and mapped, and without conservation status. A taxonomic review of Ch. ser. Paniculatae, which resulted from monthly collections since 2010, consult the literature and herbaria collections from 26 herbaria, including all types. Thirteen species were recognized, described, and illustrated, represented by images, contrasted by means of a key and commented on morphological relationships, geographic distribution, state of conservation and times of flowering and fruiting. In addition, the updated typification of the group is proposed, including four lectotypifications.
... Phenology:-It flowers from April to November, and fruits in April and from June to October. Notes:-Chamaecrista claussenii and C. rigidifolia were treated as distinct species , 1982Mendes et al. 2020) due to the size of the inflorescences, which are more compact in some individuals of C. rigidifolia, and by their distribution. Both species occur in the Central-West Brazil, but C. claussenii is also found in the highlands of Minas Gerais state, while C. rigidifolia occurs in Rondônia state and Bolivia , 1982. ...
... The species, C. claussenii and C. rigidifolia, shows leaves with 2-7 pairs of ovate to ovate-elliptic leaflets, rarely widely elliptic and compound racemes. In Mendes et al. (2020), these species were not compared to each other, accepting the traditional circumscription. However here, based on this evidence, we propose to treat C. rigidifolia as a synonym of C. claussenii. ...
Floras are still important for modern biodiversity studies, as they generate basic information, as well as improve understanding on the diversity of an area. This study aimed to the taxonomic study of the species of Chamaecrista from the Diamantina Plateau in Minas Gerais, Brazil, discussing morphological characteristics of the species and presenting taxonomic novelties. The work was based on the survey of herbaria collections, literature review and field expeditions. Descriptions, an identification key, illustrations of diagnostic features, photographic plates, and commentaries are presented for the 64 species of Chamaecrista from the Diamantina Plateau. Six new species are described, two lectotypifications (C. aurivilla and C. brachystachya) and one neotypification are made (C. echinocarpa), 11 new synonyms and taxonomic changes are proposed for C. astrochiton, C. claussenii, C. echinocarpa, C. exsudans, C. multipennis, and C. orbiculata. Chamaecrista sect. Xerocalyx is treated as a species complex with four taxa although more studies are needed to better understand this group.
All non-mimosoid nodulated genera in the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae confine their rhizobial symbionts within cell wall-bound “fixation threads” (FTs). The exception is the large genus Chamaecrista in which shrubs and subshrubs house their rhizobial bacteroids more intimately within symbiosomes, whereas large trees have FTs. This study aimed to unravel the evolutionary relationships between Chamaecrista growth habit, habitat, nodule bacteroid type, and rhizobial genotype. The growth habit, bacteroid anatomy, and rhizobial symbionts of 30 nodulated Chamaecrista species native to different biomes in the Brazilian state of Bahia, a major centre of diversity for the genus, was plotted onto an ITS-TrnL-F-derived phylogeny of Chamaecrista. The bacteroids from most of the Chamaecrista species examined were enclosed in symbiosomes (SYM-type nodules), but those in arborescent species in the section Apoucouita, at the base of the genus, were enclosed in cell wall material containing homogalacturonan (HG) and cellulose (FT-type nodules). Most symbionts were Bradyrhizobium genotypes grouped according to the growth habits of their hosts, but the tree, C. eitenorum, was nodulated by Paraburkholderia. Chamaecrista has a range of growth habits that allow it to occupy several different biomes and to co-evolve with a wide range of (mainly) bradyrhizobial symbionts. FTs represent a less intimate symbiosis linked with nodulation losses, so the evolution of SYM-type nodules by most Chamaecrista species may have (a) aided the genus-wide retention of nodulation, and (b) assisted in its rapid speciation and radiation out of the rainforest into more diverse and challenging habitats.
Este tratamento é composto pelos seguintes táxons: Chamaecrista, Chamaecrista absus, Chamaecrista acosmifolia, Chamaecrista adenophylla, Chamaecrista adiantifolia, Chamaecrista aiarana, Chamaecrista altoana, Chamaecrista amabilis, Chamaecrista amiciella, Chamaecrista amorimii, Chamaecrista amphibola, Chamaecrista anamariae, Chamaecrista anceps, Chamaecrista andersonii, Chamaecrista andromedea, Chamaecrista anfracta, Chamaecrista arboae, Chamaecrista aristata, Chamaecrista arrojadoana, Chamaecrista aspidiifolia, Chamaecrista aspleniifolia, Chamaecrista astrochiton, Chamaecrista atroglandulosa, Chamaecrista auris-zerdae, Chamaecrista aurivilla, Chamaecrista axilliflora, Chamaecrista azulana, Chamaecrista bahiae, Chamaecrista barbata, Chamaecrista barnebyana, Chamaecrista basifolia, Chamaecrista belemii, Chamaecrista belladonna, Chamaecrista benthamiana, Chamaecrista benthamii, Chamaecrista bifoliola, Chamaecrista blanchetii, Chamaecrista botryoides, Chamaecrista boyanii, Chamaecrista brachyblepharis, Chamaecrista brachyrachis, Chamaecrista brachystachya, Chamaecrista bracteolata, Chamaecrista brevicalyx, Chamaecrista burchellii, Chamaecrista caespitosa, Chamaecrista caiapo, Chamaecrista calixtana, Chamaecrista calycioides, Chamaecrista campestris, Chamaecrista campicola, Chamaecrista caracensis, Chamaecrista cardiostegia, Chamaecrista carobinha, Chamaecrista caspariifolia, Chamaecrista catapodia, Chamaecrista cathartica, Chamaecrista catharticoides, Chamaecrista catiarae, Chamaecrista catolesensis, Chamaecrista cavalcantina, Chamaecrista chaetostegia, Chamaecrista chapadae, Chamaecrista choriophylla, Chamaecrista chrysosepala, Chamaecrista ciliolata, Chamaecrista cinerascens, Chamaecrista claussenii, Chamaecrista compitalis, Chamaecrista conferta, Chamaecrista confertiformis, Chamaecrista coradinii, Chamaecrista cordistipula, Chamaecrista coriacea, Chamaecrista cotinifolia, Chamaecrista crenulata, Chamaecrista cristalinae, Chamaecrista crommyotricha, Chamaecrista cultrifolia, Chamaecrista cuprea, Chamaecrista curvifolia, Chamaecrista cyclophylla, Chamaecrista cytisoides, Chamaecrista dalbergiifolia, Chamaecrista dawsonii, Chamaecrista debilis, Chamaecrista decora, Chamaecrista decrescens, Chamaecrista decumbens, Chamaecrista deltoidea, Chamaecrista densifolia, Chamaecrista dentata, Chamaecrista depauperata, Chamaecrista desertorum, Chamaecrista desvauxii, Chamaecrista didyma, Chamaecrista diphylla, Chamaecrista distichoclada, Chamaecrista duartei, Chamaecrista duckeana, Chamaecrista dumalis, Chamaecrista echinocarpa, Chamaecrista egleri, Chamaecrista eitenorum, Chamaecrista elachistophylla, Chamaecrista elata, Chamaecrista ensiformis, Chamaecrista ericifolia, Chamaecrista exsudans, Chamaecrista fagonioides, Chamaecrista feliciana, Chamaecrista filicifolia, Chamaecrista flammata, Chamaecrista flexuosa, Chamaecrista floribunda, Chamaecrista fodinarum, Chamaecrista foederalis, Chamaecrista fragilis, Chamaecrista frondosa, Chamaecrista fulgida, Chamaecrista fuscescens, Chamaecrista geminata, Chamaecrista geraldoi, Chamaecrista gilliesii, Chamaecrista glandulosa, Chamaecrista glaucofilix, Chamaecrista glaziovii, Chamaecrista gonoclada, Chamaecrista gumminans, Chamaecrista gymnothyrsa, Chamaecrista harmsiana, Chamaecrista hassleri, Chamaecrista hatschbachii, Chamaecrista hedysaroides, Chamaecrista herpestia, Chamaecrista hispidula, Chamaecrista howardii, Chamaecrista huntii, Chamaecrista hymenaeifolia, Chamaecrista imbricans, Chamaecrista incana, Chamaecrista incurvata, Chamaecrista ipanorensis, Chamaecrista irwiniana, Chamaecrista isidorea, Chamaecrista itabiritoana, Chamaecrista itambana, Chamaecrista jacobinea, Chamaecrista juruenensis, Chamaecrista kunthiana, Chamaecrista labouriaeae, Chamaecrista lagotois, Chamaecrista lamprosperma, Chamaecrista latifolia, Chamaecrista latistipula, Chamaecrista lavradiiflora, Chamaecrista lavradioides, Chamaecrista lentiscifolia, Chamaecrista leucopilis, Chamaecrista linearifolia, Chamaecrista linearis, Chamaecrista lomatopoda, Chamaecrista longicuspis, Chamaecrista longistyla, Chamaecrista lundii, Chamaecrista macedoi, Chamaecrista machaeriifolia, Chamaecrista microsenna, Chamaecrista mollicaulis, Chamaecrista monticola, Chamaecrista mucronata, Chamaecrista multinervia, Chamaecrista multipennis, Chamaecrista multiseta, Chamaecrista myrophenges, Chamaecrista nanodes, Chamaecrista neesiana, Chamaecrista negrensis, Chamaecrista nictitans, Chamaecrista nuda, Chamaecrista nummulariifolia, Chamaecrista obolaria, Chamaecrista obtecta, Chamaecrista ochnacea, Chamaecrista ochrosperma, Chamaecrista olesiphylla, Chamaecrista oligandra, Chamaecrista oligosperma, Chamaecrista onusta, Chamaecrista oppositifolia, Chamaecrista orbiculata, Chamaecrista pachyclada, Chamaecrista paniculata, Chamaecrista paraunana, Chamaecrista parvistipula, Chamaecrista pascuorum, Chamaecrista pauciflora, Chamaecrista petiolata, Chamaecrista philippi, Chamaecrista phyllostachya, Chamaecrista pilicarpa, Chamaecrista pilosa, Chamaecrista planaltoana, Chamaecrista planifolia, Chamaecrista pohliana, Chamaecrista polita, Chamaecrista polymorpha, Chamaecrista polystachya, Chamaecrista potentilla, Chamaecrista psoraleopsis, Chamaecrista punctata, Chamaecrista punctulifera, Chamaecrista ramosa, Chamaecrista repens, Chamaecrista roncadorensis, Chamaecrista roraimae, Chamaecrista rossicorum, Chamaecrista rotundata, Chamaecrista rotundifolia, Chamaecrista rufa, Chamaecrista rugosula, Chamaecrista rupertiana, Chamaecrista rupestrium, Chamaecrista salvatoris, Chamaecrista scabra, Chamaecrista scleroxylon, Chamaecrista secunda, Chamaecrista semaphora, Chamaecrista serpens, Chamaecrista seticrenata, Chamaecrista setosa, Chamaecrista simplifacta, Chamaecrista sincorana, Chamaecrista sophoroides, Chamaecrista souzana, Chamaecrista sparsifolia, Chamaecrista speciosa, Chamaecrista spinulosa, Chamaecrista spodiotricha, Chamaecrista stillifera, Chamaecrista strictifolia, Chamaecrista strictula, Chamaecrista subdecrescens, Chamaecrista subpeltata, Chamaecrista supplex, Chamaecrista swainsonii, Chamaecrista tenuicaulis, Chamaecrista tenuisepala, Chamaecrista tephrosiifolia, Chamaecrista tocantinensis, Chamaecrista tomentella, Chamaecrista trachycarpa, Chamaecrista tragacanthoides, Chamaecrista transversa, Chamaecrista trichopoda, Chamaecrista truncata, Chamaecrista ulmea, Chamaecrista unijuga, Chamaecrista urophyllidia, Chamaecrista ursina, Chamaecrista vauthieri, Chamaecrista venatoria, Chamaecrista venulosa, Chamaecrista verruculosa, Chamaecrista vestita, Chamaecrista virginis, Chamaecrista viscosa, Chamaecrista xinguensis, Chamaecrista zygophylloides.
