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Diagnostic Key to Genera of Polyporoid and Lentinoid Fungi I. Sclerohyphae unbranched at the maturity (fibrohyphae) -uninflated with collapsed appendages; their abundant terminations in the hymenium are recognized as pseudocystidia. Hymenophore lamellate.
Source publication
Polyporoid and lentinoid fungi contain the important producers of substances having immunomodulatory, antitumoral, antiviral, and antihyperlipidemic effects. The discovery of several phylogenetic lines within the lentinoid-polyporoid continuum will help with target metabolomic analysis of species still not studied in pharmacological respects. The p...
Citations
... Lentinus, Panus and Neolentinus Redhead & Ginns (Hibbett and Vilgalys 1991;Thorn et al. 2000). Meanwhile, the family status of Panus has been changed several times and it has been placed in Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae, Tricholomataceae and Meruliaceae (Fries 1838;Imai 1938;Singer 1961aSinger , 1961bSinger , 1962Miller 1972;Douanla-Meli and Langer 2010;Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016). However, in recent years, the taxonomic status of Panus has been significantly changed again, due to phylogenetic studies and it has been upgraded to a separate family rank, Panaceae (Justo et al. 2017). ...
... The amplification reactions were carried out in a total 25 μl system, which is as follows: dd H 2 O 13.5 μl, 2 × Es Taq MasterMix (Dye) 8 μl, 10 mM of each primer 1 μl and DNA solution 1.5 μl. The PCR reaction procedures were as follows: for ITS, 1) 95 °C for 2 min to initial denaturation, 2) 35 cycles of denaturation for 40 s at 94 °C, annealing for 1 min at 50 °C and extension for 2 min at 75 °C, 3) leave at 75 °C for 10 min (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016); for nLSU, 1) 95 °C for 3 min to initial denaturation, 2) 30 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 94 °C, annealing for 45 s at 47 °C and extension for 1 min and 30 s at 72 °C, 3) leave at 72 °C for 10 min (Hu et al. 2022b); and for tef-1α, 1) 95 °C for 2 min to initial denaturation, 2) 9 cycles of denaturation for 40 s at 95 °C, annealing for 40 s at 60 °C and extension for 2 min at 70 °C, 3) then 36 cycles of denaturation for 45 s at 95 °C, annealing for 1 min and 30 s at 50 °C and extension for 2 min at 70 °C, 4) leave at 70 °C for 10 min (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016). The PCR products were detected by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis, then Comate Bioscience (Jilin) Company Limited was employed to carry out purification and sequencing. ...
... The amplification reactions were carried out in a total 25 μl system, which is as follows: dd H 2 O 13.5 μl, 2 × Es Taq MasterMix (Dye) 8 μl, 10 mM of each primer 1 μl and DNA solution 1.5 μl. The PCR reaction procedures were as follows: for ITS, 1) 95 °C for 2 min to initial denaturation, 2) 35 cycles of denaturation for 40 s at 94 °C, annealing for 1 min at 50 °C and extension for 2 min at 75 °C, 3) leave at 75 °C for 10 min (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016); for nLSU, 1) 95 °C for 3 min to initial denaturation, 2) 30 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 94 °C, annealing for 45 s at 47 °C and extension for 1 min and 30 s at 72 °C, 3) leave at 72 °C for 10 min (Hu et al. 2022b); and for tef-1α, 1) 95 °C for 2 min to initial denaturation, 2) 9 cycles of denaturation for 40 s at 95 °C, annealing for 40 s at 60 °C and extension for 2 min at 70 °C, 3) then 36 cycles of denaturation for 45 s at 95 °C, annealing for 1 min and 30 s at 50 °C and extension for 2 min at 70 °C, 4) leave at 70 °C for 10 min (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016). The PCR products were detected by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis, then Comate Bioscience (Jilin) Company Limited was employed to carry out purification and sequencing. ...
Panus is a typical wood-rotting fungi, which plays considerable roles in ecosystems and has significant economic value. The genus Panus currently consists of more than 100 species; however, only eight species have been reported from China. This study aims to distinguish and describe two novel species from the Panus similis complex, namely Panus minisporus and Panus baishanzuensis, one new record species from Zhejiang Province, Panus similis and three common species, Panus conchatus, Panus neostrigosus and Panus rudis, based on detailed morphological and phylogenetic studies, relying on Chinese specimens. Panus minisporus is characterised by its reddish-brown pileus, decurrent lamellae with cross-veins, slender stipe, smaller basidiospores, wider generative hyphae and absence of sclerocystidia. Panus baishanzuensis is featured by its pileus with concentric and darker ring zone, decurrent lamellae with cross-veins, shorter stipe, longer basidiospores, diverse and shorter cheilocystidia and smaller sclerocystidia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef-1α) were employed to perform a thorough phylogenetic analysis for genus Panus and related genera, using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analysis. The results indicate that Panus minisporus and Panus baishanzuensis form two independent clades within the Panus similis complex themselves. Detailed descriptions, taxonomic notes, illustrations etc. were provided. In addition, a key to the reported species of Panus from China is also provided.
... Previous Panus phylogenetic analyses have recovered three to five main clades (Grand 2004;Douanla-Meli and Langer 2010;Zmitrovich and Malysheva 2013;Vargas-Isla et al. 2015;Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016;Vinjusha and Kumar 2022). In contrast, our analyses revealed the existence of at least 11 well-supported main clades within the genus. ...
The genus Panus and many of its species have a wide geographic distribution, and in-depth up-to-date taxonomic review is needed that includes critical review of type materials within a phylogenetic frame. In order to recover the phylogenetic relationships within Panus species and their morphological boundaries and to critically analyze the diversity recorded for Brazil, we carried out fieldwork in poorly explored areas in the country and morphological and literature revisions of fungarium specimens, including several type materials. We present a comprehensive phylogeny of Panus and discuss several taxonomic and nomenclatural implications in order to achieve stability for species of the genus. Four new species are proposed, P. capelariae, P. pachysporus, P. speciosus, and P. stiptonotatus. Panus campinensis and P. thailandicus (an endophytic species) are proposed as new combinations in the genus, based on a morphological revision and phylogenetic evidence of their types, respectively. Additionally, Endopandanicola is synonymized within Panus, and P. parvus is synonymized within P. strigellus. The occurrence of P. conchatus, P. convivalis, P. fulvus, P. similis, and P. tephroleucus in Brazil is rejected due to morphological and phylogenetic evidences. For P. conchatus and P. similis, we present bases for the recognition of its sensu stricto status. We also discuss nomenclatural issues surrounding the Lentinus velutinus complex that include the basionym elucidation, its sensu stricto delimitation, and an epitypification based on a new sequenced specimen from the type locality. Our comprehensive assessment of Panus in Brazil has led to the confirmation of ten species supported by morphological and/or molecular data, which are critically discussed, and an identification key is presented.
... Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Polyporales are updated continuously by mycologists with the frequent inclusion of data from DNA sequences [4,5]. In recent years, the mycologist revised the species and taxonomic status of the genus Cerioporus using ITS + nLSU + TEF1 datasets, while the research established the new genus Perenniporiopsis using ITS + nLSU + mt-SSU + TEF1 datasets and two new species have also been discovered and grouped in the genus Sarcoporia [6][7][8][9][10]. ...
... are similar to C. yunnanensis by having cylindrical basidiospores. However, C. choseniae differs in its wider generative hyphae (3.3-6.4 µm) and inamyloid basidiospores [53]; C. corylinus is separated from C. yunnanensis by the centrally stipitate basidiomata, cream to ochraceous pileal surface, hexagonal, bigger pores (1-2 per mm), and smaller basidiospores (6-7.5 × 2-3 µm) [8]; C. glabrus differs in its pale brown to corky basidiomata, isodiametric, smaller pores (7-8 per mm), and smaller basidiospores (7-9 × 2-3 µm) [10]; C. leptocephalus differs from C. yunnanensis by the centrally stipitate basidiomata, pale buff pore surface and smaller pores (7-9 per mm) [8]; C. melanocarpus is distinct from C. yunnanensis by having pale yellowish-brown context, cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, ventricose cystidioles, and narrower basidiospores (8.8-11 × 3-4 µm) [25]. Sarcoporia neotropica Ryvarden are similar to S. yunnanensis by having ellipsoid basidiospores. ...
... are similar to C. yunnanensis by having cylindrical basidiospores. However, C. choseniae differs in its wider generative hyphae (3.3-6.4 µm) and inamyloid basidiospores [53]; C. corylinus is separated from C. yunnanensis by the centrally stipitate basidiomata, cream to ochraceous pileal surface, hexagonal, bigger pores (1-2 per mm), and smaller basidiospores (6-7.5 × 2-3 µm) [8]; C. glabrus differs in its pale brown to corky basidiomata, isodiametric, smaller pores (7-8 per mm), and smaller basidiospores (7-9 × 2-3 µm) [10]; C. leptocephalus differs from C. yunnanensis by the centrally stipitate basidiomata, pale buff pore surface and smaller pores (7-9 per mm) [8]; C. melanocarpus is distinct from C. yunnanensis by having pale yellowish-brown context, cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, ventricose cystidioles, and narrower basidiospores (8.8-11 × 3-4 µm) [25]. Sarcoporia neotropica Ryvarden are similar to S. yunnanensis by having ellipsoid basidiospores. ...
Three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Cerioporus yunnanensis, Perenniporiopsis sinensis, and Sarcoporia yunnanensis, are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. Cerioporus yunnanensis is characterized by the pileate basidiomata having a fawn brown to black pileal surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the fusoid cystidioles and cylindrical basidiospores (9–12.5 × 3.5–5 µm). Perenniporiopsis sinensis is distinct from the osseous pileus with verrucose, an orange-yellow to dark reddish-brown pileal surface with a cream margin, a trimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the fusiform cystidioles and ellipsoid basidiospores (9–11 × 5.5–6.5 µm). Sarcoporia yunnanensis is typical of the pileate basidiomata with a salmon to reddish-brown pileal surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the ellipsoid basidiospores (4–5.5 × 2.5–4 µm). Sequences of ITS + nLSU + mt-SSU + TEF1 + RPB1 + RPB2 genes were used for the phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The multiple genes with six loci analysis showed that the three new species nested within the order Polyporales, in which C. yunnanensis and P. sinensis nested into the family Polyporaceae, and S. yunnanensis grouped into the family Sarcoporiaceae.
... Basidia clavate, with 4 sterigmata, clamped at the base, 185-30 × 6-9 μm. Basidiospores cylindric, slightly curved, smooth, thin-walled, colorless, negative in Melzerʼs reagent 8-11 × 2.5-3.5 μm (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1993;Zmitrovich 2016;Bernicchia and Gorjón 2020). ...
... Cerioporus leptocephalus: Growing on dead wood or declining living trees of deciduous, rarely coniferous woody plants (Zmitrovich 2016). Ryvarden and Gilbertson (1994) report 28 host genera. ...
Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél.; Cerioporus leptocephalus (Fr.) Zmitr. & Kovalenko - POLYPORACEAE
Yusufjon Gafforov, Sunil K. Deshmukh, Shilpa A. Verekar, Sylvie Rapior, Michal Tomšovský, Milena Rašeta, Manzura Yarasheva et Lei Cai.
Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél.; Cerioporus leptocephalus (Fr.) Zmitr. & Kovalenko - POLYPORACEAE. Pages 959-972. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23031-8_102 ; hal-04373488v1
... Two of the selected Basidiomycota, V. volvacea and P. florida are widely cultivated as sources of protein and their pharmaceutical potentials are also being explored (Dutta et al. 2011). On the other hand, L. tigrinus is also being studied for its antioxidant properties (Zmitrovic and Kovalenko 2016). These three Basidiomycota were selected since they are rampant during rainy seasons in paddy and on decaying logs and none has explored yet their mycorrhizal potentials which could aid in seed germination and propagation of orchids. ...
Bautista NS, Valentino MJG. 2023. Symbiotic propagation of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. with selected saprophytic Basidiomycota. Biodiversitas 24: 3519-3527. Compatible mycorrhizal association of orchids with fungi is required for the germination and seedling development. In the present study, the mycorrhizal association of Dendrobium bigibbum with three species of saprophytic Basidiomycota, in particular, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus tigrinus, and Pleurotus florida were evaluated. Co-culture technique was carried out during rhizoid and seedling development of D. bigibbum. Results revealed that the growth of D. bigibbum in rhizoid and seedling stages was enhanced when symbiotically grown with V. volvacea and L. tigrinus. D. bigibbum grown with V. volvacea had the highest mean length of the 1st leaf during the rhizoid stage. In seedling stage, V. volvacea and L. tigrinus significantly increased the growth of D. bigibbum in terms of length of 2nd leaf and fresh weight of the seedlings. For the length of root, increase in mean length was observed only in D. bigibbum co-cultured with L. tigrinus. In addition, the presence of peloton colonization was observed both in rhizoid and seedling stages. Thus, both V. volvacea and L. tigrinus formed compatible mycorrhizal association with D. bigibbum.
... The sequences were aligned using MAFFT v. 7 (Katoh et al. 2019) and ClustalX (Thompson et al. 1997), then manual adjusted using BioEdit (Hall 1999). The downloaded sequences were chosen from taxa of Polyporus sensu lato, Megasporoporia sensu lato and some species from Fomitopsidaceae Jülich and Panaceae Miettinen, Justo & Hibbett (Zmitrovich & Kovalenko 2016, Cui et al. 2019, Wang et al. 2021, Ji et al. 2022. Ambiguously regions were deleted, and gaps were manually adjusted to optimize alignment before phylogenetic analyses. ...
Szczepkamyces, typified by Szczepkamyces campestris, was a monotypic genus. Based on distinct morphological characters and phylogeny inferred from the combined 2-locus dataset [ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) + nuclear large subunit RNA (nLSU)], another species of the genus, Szczepkamyces quercicola sp. nov., is confirmed. It is characterized by annual, resupinate, yellowish basidiocarps with big pores, a dimitic hyphal structure, generative hyphae with clamp connections, indextrinoid skeletal hyphae, the absence of hyphal pegs, the presence of dendrohyphidia, cylindrical basidiospores measuring 15–17.5 × 5–6 µm, and growth on Quercus in boreal forests in east Himalayas. Morphologically S. quercicola resembles Megasporoporia sensu lato, but phylogenetically it is closely related to S. campestris. The differences between S. quercicola and its similar or related species are discussed.
... Picipes is a newly segregated genus from Polyporus according to analyses of LSU, ITS and tef datasets and it is typified by P. badius (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016). Polypores are mainly wood rotting fungi on a wide host distribution. ...
... Polypores are mainly wood rotting fungi on a wide host distribution. Polypores has been intensively studied because they can decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in plant cell walls and therefore play a key role in nutrient cycling in most forest ecosystems (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016). ...
... badius, Pi. melanopus and Pi. tubaeformis (Zmitrovich and Kovalenko 2016). Zhou et al. (2016) provided a key to species of Picipes and described four new species and nine new combinations based on ITS, LSU, SSU, mtSSU, tef, rpb1, rpb2 and tub sequence data. ...
Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. The current estimate of fungal diversity is highly
uncertain, ranging from 1.5 to 12 million, but only around 150,000 species have been named and classified to date. Since
the introduction of DNA based methods for species identification, the number of newly described taxa has increased from
approximately 1000 to around 2000 yearly. This demonstrates the importance of DNA based methods to identify and distinguish species, especially cryptic species. Many novel species from recent studies have been found in historically understudied
regions and habitats, but these still represent only a small percentage of the estimated species. In this paper, we examine 16
genera from the top 40 most speciose genera as listed in Species Fungorum as case studies to examine the diversity of taxa in
each genus. The genera treated herein are Cercospora, Diaporthe, Meliola, Passalora, Phyllachora, Phyllosticta, Pseudocercospora, Ramularia (ascomycetes) and Cortinarius, Entoloma, Inocybe, Marasmius, Psathyrella, Puccinia, Russula, Uromyces
(basidiomycetes). We critically evaluate the number of species in these genera and correlate these numbers with the number
of entries in GenBank. We introduce 18 new species Apiospora multiloculata, Candolleomyces thailandensis, Cortinarius
acutoproximus, Cortinarius melleoalbus, Cortinarius pacificus, Cortinarius parvoacetosus, Diaporthe guizhouensis, Entoloma
pseudosubcorvinum, Inocybe meirensongia, Marasmius albulus, Marasmius obscuroaurantiacus, Meliola camporesii, Phyllachora siamensis, Phyllosticta doitungensis, Picipes yuxiensis, Pseudocercospora vignae, Puccinia maureanui and Russula
inornata. We also introduce a new record of Candolleomyces cladii-marisci and Inocybe iringolkavensis. We discuss the
genera Colletotrichum and Pleurotus that are speciose, but do not occur in the top 40. We hypothesize whether there might be
more species in these genera and discuss why these genera have some of the largest number of species.
... Little is known about this species, however, some authors [18,19] have already reported that P. lecomtei has anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Finally, Ganoderma lucidum also called Reishi mushroom, the "immortality mushroom", has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine to prevent hepatitis, nephritis, hypertension, and asthma, and also to stimulate the immune system [20]. ...
Poultry and swine are the major proportion of the livestock industry in terms of output value. To meet the growing need for protein sources in these sectors, the use of biomasses coming from agro-industrial residues can be an interesting option in the future years. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of seven basidiomycetes to grow, detoxicate, increase protein content, and its antioxidant activity when grew in pure Jatropha seed cake (JSC) and cottonseed cake (CSC) biomasses and mixtures containing 50% of lignocellulosic biomasses from coconut husks and Acrocomia aculeata (macauba cake). Results showed that five basidiomycetes were able to grow in these substrates. F. hepatica, P. lecomtei, and P. pulmonarius presented the highest bio-detoxification capacity. All treatments showed a reduction in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, but treatments with coconut husks showed lower reductions. Results also indicated that there were molecules produced by basidiomycetes responsible for antioxidant activity other than phenolic compounds. These results indicated that basidiomycetes could detoxify JCS and CSC biomasses, suggesting their possible use in animal feed and that the addition of coconut husks in JSC and macauba cake in cottonseed cake could promote greater colonization by fungi.
Graphic Abstract
... According to Seelan et al. (2015), five sections of Lentinus sensu Pegler (1983) (Sections Rigidi, Lentodiellum, Lentinus, Dicholamellatae, and Tigrini) (2012: 249). Position of Panus outside the core polyporoid clade was also confirmed in a study by Zmitrovich & Kovalenko (2016). Justo et al. (2017) introduced the family Panaceae Miettinen, Justo & Hibbett for placing the genus Panus, and the closely related genus Cymatoderma Jungh. ...
... The result of our analysis is on conformity. After Grand (2004), only few studies have considered molecular characters of the species of Panus (Moreno et al. 2011;Miettinen et al. 2012;Hussein et al. 2014;Zmitrovich & Kovalenko 2016), however, without discussion on the phylogenetic relationships. According to Justo et al. (2017), Panus has an independent origin of agaricoid habit in the order Polyporales. ...
Panus is a genus of the order Polyporales with a gilled hymenium. Although Panus was earlier considered as a sub genus of the genus Lentinus, molecular phylogenetic studies support the independent status of the genus. As a result, many species were transferred from Lentinus to Panus. Many more species of Lentinus that are more related to Panus, still await critical taxonomic studies and formal transfers. Morphological and molecular data obtained from L. bambusinus and L. roseus reveal that these are Panus species. Two new combinations in the genus Panus are proposed here.
... Initial changes were based on macro and micromorphological observations [34]. The later changes were made with the development of molecular biological techniques that allowed to identify the phylogenetic relationships within the taxa under Polyporus [15][16][17][18]. More taxonomic changes are likely to occur as more sophisticated phylogenetic studies are available. ...
Yasuní National Park in Ecuador is one of the most biodiverse places on earth. The fungi in this tropical rainforest are also diverse but have received little research attention. This research paper focuses on an important group of fungi in the family Polyporaceae and examines the genera Polyporus , Atroporus , and Neodictyopus that form aerial melanized cord-like structures called rhizomorphs. Phylogenetic analyses, macro and micromorphological descriptions of basidiomata and rhizomorphs, as well as cultural characterization were completed to better understand these ecologically important fungi. Here we describe four new species: Atroporus yasuniensis , Atroporus tagaeri , Neodictyopus sylvaticus , and Polyporus taromenane , and a new variety Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis . The information presented in this study adds important new knowledge about the unusual rhizomorph producing fungi found in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador and other tropical rainforests.
