FIGURE 14 - uploaded by Ortiz Galindo Jose Luis
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Development of the dorsal fin in Eugerres lineatus, lateral view. A. 3.6 mm NL. B. 4.9 mm SL. C. 7.3 mm SL. D. 10.0 mm SL. E. 13.9 mm SL. F. 17.3 mm SL. G. 24.1 mm SL. H. 36.5 mm SL, wild-caught. Stippled areas, cartilage ; open areas, bone. D: Distal radial; P+M: Undifferentiated Proximal+Middle radials; Ra: Ray; Sn: Supraneurals; Sp: Spine; Sy: Stay; Pt: Pterygiophore.
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Embryos, larvae, and juveniles of the streaked mojarra Eugerres lineatus are described and illustrated from a series of laboratory specimens. The description was based on morphometry, pigmentation pattern, squamation sequence, and osteological development. The eggs were obtained by stripping ripe adults captured in Bahía de La Paz, Baja California...
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... Las fechas de eclosión se calcularon restando el número de anillos del otolito de la fecha de captura. La información disponible indicó que el periodo de tiempo desde la fertilización hasta la eclosión es corto en Gerreidae (Eugerres lineatus, 3 días [Ortíz-Galindo et al. 2008]; Eugerres mexicanus, 18 h [Hernández et al. 2012]). Se asumió que la reproducción ocurrió aproximadamente 1-5 días antes de la fecha de eclosión. ...
La mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) es un recurso importante de subsistencia
en mercados locales de Ecuador. Sin embargo, poco es sabido sobre la historia de vida
temprana y la biología reproductiva de esta especie. En 2016 y 2017, se recolectaron larvas
de E. currani en 3 playas arenosas en el Golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador, y se identificaron
usando códigos de barras de ADN. La longitud estándar de las larvas osciló entre 4.00
y 15.78 mm. También recolectamos otolitos para comprender mejor la historia de vida
temprana de E. currani. Los otolitos se usaron para estimar la edad, la tasa de crecimiento
de la población (±EE), las fechas de eclosión y la época reproductiva. En promedio, la
edad de los peces fue de 16.5 ± 4.5 días, mientras que la tasa de crecimiento promedio fue
de 0.70 ± 0.05 y 0.22 ± 0.16 mm por día en marzo y mayo, respectivamente. En el Golfo
de Guayaquil, la mayoría de las fechas de eclosión y la actividad reproductiva presunta de
E. currani ocurrió durante la época húmeda (diciembre-abril) cuando aguas más calidas
prevalecieron. Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que estima las
fechas de eclosión y la tasa de crecimiento larval para una especie de la familia Gerreidae
en el Océano Pacífico.
... Las fechas de eclosión se calcularon restando el número de anillos del otolito de la fecha de captura. La información disponible indicó que el periodo de tiempo desde la fertilización hasta la eclosión es corto en Gerreidae (Eugerres lineatus, 3 días [Ortíz-Galindo et al. 2008]; Eugerres mexicanus, 18 h [Hernández et al. 2012]). Se asumió que la reproducción ocurrió aproximadamente 1-5 días antes de la fecha de eclosión. ...
The flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) is an important subsistence fishery resource in local Ecuadorian markets; however, very little is known about the early life history and reproductive biology of this species. In 2016 and 2017, E. currani larvae were collected at 3 sandy beaches in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and identified using DNA barcoding. Standard lengths ranged from 4.00-15.78 mm. We also collected otoliths to better understand the early life history of E. currani. Otoliths were used to estimate the age, population growth rate (±SE), hatch dates, and reproductive period. On average, the fish were 16.5 ± 4.5 days old, while the average growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm per day in March and May, respectively. In the Gulf of Guayaquil, most hatch dates and the presumed reproductive activity of E. currani occurred during the wet season (December-April) when warmer water prevailed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the hatch dates and larval growth rate for a species of the family Gerreidae in the Pacific Ocean.
... Evolutionary biologists have historically focused on studies related to chondrification and ossification sequences of vertebrates, with a special interest in understanding the morphological evolution of these elements (e.g., Bardeen 1905;Khannoon & Evans 2015;Ortíz-Galindo et al., 2008;Starck 1993;Vera Candioti et al. 2020). Since the mechanisms of morphological development of structures are highly conserved amongst vertebrates (e.g., skull [Duellman & Trueb 1994;Paluh et al. 2020;Vidal-García and Scott Keogh, 2017]), subtle changes in the structure size, shape, and/or ornamentation may result in different phenotypic patterns (see Dos Reis et al., 2020). ...
The study of ontogenetic series facilitates understanding developmental and evolutionary patterns and processes amongst vertebrate lineages, being widely explored in this taxon over the last decades. However, developmental data for osseous elements of anurans are mostly focused on pre-hatching stages of lineages with a larval stage, with very little data on post-hatching phenotypic transformations, especially in direct-developing anurans. Previous osteological studies of the miniaturized genus Brachycephalus have considered the taxa as a morphological contradiction, given the existence of both paedomorphic and peramorphic traits on the skull and other post-cranial elements. However, none of them have provided a full post-hatching developmental variation of the skeleton for any species of the genus, and thus the observation of such heterochronic changes has remained underexplored. This study aims to provide a detailed developmental description of the osteology of skull and post-cranium osteology of Brachycephalus garbeanus based on an ontogenetic series of 16 post-hatched individuals. Our results show that several skull and post-cranial elements are not fully developed after hatching, with complete bone ossification and fusion occurring at later developmental stages. The combination of our data with previous studies also reinforces the occurrence of delayed skeletal development — i.e., ossification — in Brachycephalus when compared with other brachycephaloids. We also discuss the emergence of morphological novelties — as the skull and axial plates — and structural simplification — as digit reduction/loss — as possible consequences of the extreme miniaturization of the genus.
... Studies on E. mexicanus have focused on systematic and biogeographic aspects (González 2005), its meristic and morphometric characters, and its taxonomy (Deckert & Greenfield 1987, Gilmore et al. 2002. However, few studies have been carried out on the reproduction of the species from the genus Eugerres, in contrast with the number of studies on E. lineatus and E. brasilianus, as well as on Diapterus peruvianus (Álvarez et al. 1996, Jiménez et al. 2003, Ortíz et al. 2008. The embryonic and larval development of several species of this genus is unknown. ...
... The myomere had a beige coloration going from the posterior cephalic region to the beginning of the tail. During the transition between this stage and the (Ortíz et al. 2008), Diapterus peruvianus (Jiménez et al. 2003), *: Bud. postflexion stage, the larva showed dark pigment and yellowish spots in this same region, while the silver plated coloration remained in the intestines. ...
... Following the classification of pre-flexion, flexion and post-flexion established to determine the development of larvae, the E. mexicanus larvae were bigger than the larvae of the species E. brasilianus and E. lineatus of the same genus and the marine larvae of D. peruvianus (Álvarez et al. 1996, Jiménez et al. 2003, Ortíz et al. 2008. ...
Most studies on Eugerres mexicanus mainly consider biogeographic and systematic aspects and rarely address reproductive characteristics, which are useful for fishery population management plans. This study aimed at evaluating the ontogeny of E. mexicanus, based on 30 embryos and 30 larvae sampled by induced spawning of breeders, taken in February 2009 from the Usumacinta River in Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico. All descriptions of the embryonic development were based on morphometric and meristic data and followed standard methods. Eggs, recovered at the gastrula stage, had an average diameter of 1.17mm (SD=0.08). The bud stage appeared during the first three hours of development, in which the posterior side was adhered to the vitellus; Kupffer's vesicle was visible. Yolk-sac larvae hatched 18 hours after fertilization, exhibiting a light brown color and an average total length of 2.94mm (SD=0.70); the preflexion stage was reached eight days after hatching, with a total average length of 4.67mm (SD=0.50) and a total notochord length of 4.45mm (SD=0.50). The flexion stage was reached on the 16th day, with an average total length of 6.66mm (SD=1.53), while postflexion was reached on the 24th day, with 10.33mm (SD=1.45). The pre-juvenile stage was reached on the 33rd day, with a total length of 14.30mm (SD=0.93), showing IX spines and 10 rays and III spines and eight rays in the dorsal and anal fins, respectively. The juvenile stage was reached by the 45th day, with an average length of 28.16mm (SD=1.93) and average weight of 4.75g (SD=1.49). Prejuveniles showed an initial pigmentation with dark colored dots in the superior and inferior jaw and dispersed on the head, while juveniles presented the same pigmentation pattern, decreasing towards the margin of the caudal peduncle. In conclusion, the embryonic developmental stages of E. mexicanus were typical for the Gerreidae group. However, their morphometric characters were slightly different since the diameter and size of the drop of oil were bigger than those reported for marine species. In addition, regarding pigmentation, the yolk-sac larvae of E. mexicanus were olive and yellow on the margin of the notochord, which differs from those reported for other species. This is the first recorded report on the reproductive biology and early life development of this species.
Larval size is considered as an important variable to understand the changes in larval development and identification of a suitable environment for larval growth and survivor. Larvae of the Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) have a slow growth during the early stages of development (6-8 mm SL); subsequently, the growth rate increases, but the development depends mainly on the temperature and food. The aim of this study was to identify the areas and seasons favorable for larval development of S. japonicus, in relation to the sea surface temperature and the zooplankton biomass, off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (~25°-32°N) from 2006 to 2010. Larvae of the Pacific mackerel showed the greatest amplitude in their spatial distribution during spring, but with greater restricted abundance compared to Punta Eugenia (~28°N) during summer. Changes in its distribution were influenced by geostrophic flow and thermal variability. Linear regression analysis allowed to identify areas favorable for larvae development, with a lower development in spring, related to a narrow range of temperatures and levels of comparatively low zooplankton biomass. In contrast, during summer the largest increase in body height (ß) was related to a wide range of temperatures, while its low variability (standard error) coincided with high levels of zooplankton biomass. It is considered that thermal conditions and food availability, favor an optimum larval development, particularly during the summer season.
Description and interspecific comparisons of the caudal complex in mojarras from the genus Eucinostomus and related species are presented for the first time. The caudal skeleton of Gerreidae species corresponds to the typical structure of the Percoidei suborder. This bony structure consists of five hypurals, three epurals, two uroneural pairs, autogenous hemal spines in the preural centra 3 and 4, and hypurals I+II and III+IV fused in pairs. Other elements and their characteristics are: parhypural with well-developed parhypurapophysis, urostyle formed by fusion of the preural centrum 1 and the ural centra I and II (UcI+UcII), preural centrum 2 with a specialized neural arch not very elevated and fused to the centrum, 17 principal caudal fin rays, a variable number of procurrent or secondary caudal fin rays (Cs), and the presence of a neural spine (Ns) in Pc3 and Pc4. Among gerreids there is an intergeneric and interspecific variation of osteological elements of the caudal skeleton that allows the taxonomic separation of studied taxa, and that can be, potentially useful to establish hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in the family.
