Figure 3 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Climate change and its variability are some of the most critical threats to sustainable agriculture, with potentially severe consequences on Indonesia’s agriculture, such as changes in rainfall patterns, especially the onset of the wet season and the temporal distribution of rainfall. Most Indonesian farmers receive support from agricultural extens...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
The problem of updating the fleet of agricultural machinery and introducing technologies into agricultural production is acute. In the current foreign policy and economic conditions, the issue of ensuring food security has become extremely important, in connection with which there is an urgent need to increase the efficiency of agricultural product...
Citations
... According to the Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture in Hyderabad, the frequency of drought years in India has increased in the past two decades, with significant implications for food security and livelihoods in rural areas. The altered precipitation patterns also impact the scheduling of agricultural operations, from sowing to harvesting, making traditional farming calendars less reliable (Apriyana et al., 2021). This unpredictability requires adaptations in farming practices, including the development of droughtresistant crop varieties, improved irrigation techniques, and better water management practices to sustain agricultural productivity in the face of changing rainfall patterns. ...
It is based on plant nutrients and soil fertility
... Cropland expansion and intensification are the primary options for increasing agricultural productivity in response to the growing demand for biomass. However, they are also significant drivers of biodiversity loss [80]. ...
Belitung Island, situated in the Southeast Asian tin belt, experiences substantial transformations in land use and land cover (LULC) driven by mining activities, impacting both local economic growth and the ecosystem. This study aims to elucidate the dynamic LULC changes on Belitung Island and evaluate deforestation trends. LULC data spanning from 1990 to 2020 were acquired from The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), employing supervised classification of satellite imageries. The dataset demonstrated an overall accuracy ranging from 0.79 to 0.92 and was reclassified into six types based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or IPCC's classes, encompassing forest, cropland, grassland, other land, settlements, and wetlands. Our research unveiled a notable reduction of over 25 % in forest cover within the past 30 years. Notably, 2020 exhibited instances of reforestation, which subsequently transformed into cropland (0.57 %), grassland (0.32 %), and other lands (0.39 %). Belitung Island grapples with challenges related to sustainable development, environmental conservation, and food security. Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) emerges as a potential strategy to address some of the socioeconomic and ecological issues.
... Indonesia is an archipelagic country located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and two oceans (Indian and Pacific Oceans). This condition causes Indonesia to be influenced by various regional and global climates (Apriyana et al., 2021;Lee et al., 2019;Putra et al., 2017;Tang et al., 2020). Regionally, Indonesia is influenced by two seasons, namely the east and west seasons (Kurniadi et al., 2021). ...
Climate change in Indonesia causes changes in the probability of extreme wet and dry rain events. This incident is closely related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomena. Regional climate impacts of ENSO and IOD on rainfall anomalies have resulted in extreme droughts and wet and are related to soil erosion. In this study, we use remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) and adopt the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to predict soil erosion and their relation to climate changes in Unda watershed, Bali, Indonesia. Several remote sensing data are used to calculate the erosivity (R), length slope (LS) factor, vegetation factor (C), and conservation practice (P) factor and combine with erodibility (K) factor from laboratory analysis. The result indicates that there are dynamics of R and C factor values from remote sensing data during El Niño in 2015, La Niña in 2016, and positive IOD in 2019. This study displays the impact of climate change on soil erosion values, especially in tropical areas where the climate is closely related with ENSO and IOD.
... Supported by its climatic cond tions, agricultural activities are very intensive in the country. Apriyana et al. [21] reporte that there are normally three rice-growing seasons in Indonesia including the wet crop ping season, which is the first and primary planting season, accounting for about 45% o total rice production, followed by two dry cropping seasons. Regarding the season for cultivation, Figure 2, from the U.S. Department of Agricu ture (USDA) [22], shows the general rice cropping seasons in Indonesia and indicates th the dry cropping seasons typically begin in February and June. ...
... Depending on when th wet cropping season is planted, the beginning of the dry cropping seasons may vary. Fu thermore, the start of the wet cropping season is typically altered in accordance with th onset of the wet season, and delays at the beginning of the wet season can have a ripp effect on the subsequent two dry cropping seasons [21]. Additionally, Indonesia's agricu tural lands are widely fragmented; they are made up of numerous small areas with varie crop management practices. ...
... Depending on when the wet cropping season is planted, the beginning of the dry cropping seasons may vary. Furthermore, the start of the wet cropping season is typically altered in accordance with the onset of the wet season, and delays at the beginning of the wet season can have a ripple effect on the subsequent two dry cropping seasons [21]. Additionally, Indonesia's agricultural lands are widely fragmented; they are made up of numerous small areas with varied crop management practices. ...
There is valuable information that can be obtained beyond using a fixed crop calendar with coarse spatial resolution. Knowing the dynamics of the timing and location in which a particular crop is planted and harvested, with an annual temporal resolution and a fine spatial resolution, is crucial not only for monitoring crop conditions and production but also for understanding crop management under changing climates. In this study, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was utilized to develop a historical crop calendar for paddy in Indonesia with a 1 km resolution from 2001 to 2021. The result of this study is the first dynamic crop calendar that includes information about the planting, peak, and harvesting dates, as crop growth indicators, derived from the analysis of NDVI value fluctuations. Additionally, this dataset also includes the total number of cropping seasons each year. In Indonesia, there are intensive agricultural activities, including two dry cropping seasons that occur after the wet cropping season. However, this dataset is limited only to crops grown during the dry seasons, which typically begin in February and June. This dataset offers significant information at a finer spatiotemporal resolution to enable studies on agricultural fields undergoing climate change, although it is more country–specific than the other established dataset. The annual crop calendar dataset from 2001 to 2021 underscores the significance of examining the variability in cropping seasons over the years. This exploration aims to deepen our comprehension of the interplay between cropping seasons, climatic indicators, and even the social factors influencing farmers’ decisions. Furthermore, presented at a 1 km resolution, this dynamic crop calendar underscores the need for a more precise representation of diverse cropping intensities and seasons, particularly within small and fragmented agricultural areas.
... In agrarian conflict resolution, accurate understanding and effective information dissemination have a significant impact on reducing tension, building trust, and achieving sustainable resolutions. Through participatory, transparent, and sustainable approaches to information dissemination, the opportunity to achieve peace in the context of agrarian conflicts can be enhanced (Apriyana et al., 2021). ...
Agrarian conflicts in Indramayu between the Indramayu Farmers' Union (STI) and Perum Perhutani are complex issues that involve various parties and different interests related to agricultural land. This research aims to analyze conflict resolution using a communication approach. This study employs a constructive paradigm with a qualitative content analysis method. The research highlights critical strategies, including accurate understanding and effective information dissemination. An in-depth understanding of ownership rights, laws, and regulations is necessary for all parties. Information dissemination through various communication channels, such as open meetings, workshops, and social media, helps reduce misunderstandings and improve transparency. They were second, creating a space for dialogue and active participation of involved parties. Dialogue spaces allow parties to speak openly, listen to perspectives, and seek solutions by involving STI, Perum Perhutani, the government, law enforcement agencies, NGOs, academics, and the community. The creation of dialogue spaces should be inclusive. Furthermore, negotiation and mediation approaches help reach a middle ground. Negotiation allows parties to discuss differences and find mutually beneficial agreements. Mediation, involving a neutral third party, facilitates dialogue and finds solutions acceptable to all parties. This approach focuses on collaboration for sustainable resolution. Finally, a holistic approach involves legal clarification, community empowerment, livelihood diversification, and improved communication. Conflict resolution considers social, cultural, and economic aspects. A combination of conflict resolution strategies can address agrarian conflicts in Indramayu, leading to harmonious agricultural land management and promoting the parties' well-being.
... In the Sawah Sampan rice-growing area in Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia, an interactive, web-based GIS delivers information for precision farming and mapping [10,11]. Farmers can use the system to get information about rice cultivation in their area. ...
... This dataset consists of monthly time series data spanning January 2014 to December 2020. Prior to 2014, the El-Nino tragedy limited rice output; hence it was anticipated that price fluctuations in that year would not be able to explain price transmission factors (Apriyana et al., 2021). The categories and origins of the data are detailed in Table 1 below. ...
This study aims to analyze the short and long-term transmission of rice prices at the farmer and consumer levels in West Java Province. This study uses monthly data on rice prices at the producer (farmer) and consumer levels from 2014–2020 in West Java Province, Indonesia. Meanwhile, the method used in this study is Error Correction Model regression. The results show the existence of market integration and asymmetry in the vertical transmission of rice prices between farmers and consumers, both in the short and long term. The causes of asymmetric price transmission are the presence of uncompetitive behavior or abuse of market power among intermediary traders, especially in concentrated markets, as well as adjustment costs and menu costs. Therefore, the government needs to monitor rice prices regularly to ensure consumer affordability and profitability for farmers. In addition, the government must also have accurate information to identify irregularities or abuse of market power. Furthermore, the government needs to create policies encouraging the involvement of regionally-owned enterprises, the central government, and the private sector in the rice trading sector.
... The current El-Nino event is anticipated to continue through the Northern Hemisphere winter, with a greater than 95% chance through January-March 2024 (NOAA CPC, 2023b). planting time of WSP, but also affect the next two DSP (Apriyana et al. 2021). In Indonesia, El-Nino commonly causes lower rainfall while La Nina increases it. ...
Historically, El-Nino has decreased rice production in Indonesia due to its effect on precipitation patterns. The current El-Nino event is estimated to get stronger, with a greater than 95% chance through January-March 2024.
The government, coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, has
commenced strategies to anticipate the negative impact, including
mapping the El-Nino affected area, disseminating information on
adaptive measures, and increasing the availability of climate-resistant
seeds, fertilizer, water infrastructure, and machinery.
Learning from the implementation gaps, a more substantial focus to
secure agricultural productivity during El-Nino event would be on
improving the capacity of farmers and agricultural stakeholders.
... The learning process on farmers' cultivation illustrates that the first planting follows the start of the rainy season, at October II-III or November I-II [15,16]. The commodity applied in the first growing season is rice, which is grown conventionally using the tiled spacing technique. ...
One of the causes of low agricultural production on rainfed land is cultivation techniques that are highly dependent on rainfall conditions, with a high risk of crop failure in the second planting season. This condition is further exacerbated by farmers’ limited understanding and skills in adapting to rainfall variability. This paper presents an experience applying climate smart agriculture to rainfed agriculture in Lawang Subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Several technics were implemented, including setting a planting schedule according to rainfall conditions, cropping pattern technique with the optimum composition of commodity types on water availability, conducting simple observations of rainfall and soil water content levels, making biopores, and application of biopesticides and organic fertilizers. The learning has some positive impacts, including early planting can be accelerated by 20–30 days from October III–November I to September III–October I, the cropping index increases from 2 times to 4–5 times a year, improving the cropping patterns from rice-paddy or rice-fallow into maize-rice-maize-peanuts-long beans, seedling age is shorter than 20–30 days after sowing to 12–15 days after sowing. Before the implementation of CSA, farmers experienced harvests 1–2 times a year, with a 60% risk of crop failure in the second planting season. After implementing CSA, farmers have harvested 4–5 times with several various commodities. Rice production also increased from 4.0 to 4.2 t/ha to 6.5–7.0 t/ha. However, CSA is a specific location technology; therefore, the application of CSA in rainfed fields still needs to be developed in other areas or regions.
... The ability is related to access to information resources. Several studies show this relationship, such as Apriyana et al. (2021Apriyana et al. ( ) (2021 which shows that the integrated planting calendar information system is a manifestation of a farmer's coping mechanism for climate change for farmers in Indonesia. Fanadzo et al. (2021) even showed that small farmers in the South African region were able to carry out coping and adaptation strategies in dealing with natural disasters (drought). ...
... The ability is related to access to information resources. Several studies show this relationship, such as Apriyana et al. (2021Apriyana et al. ( ) (2021 which shows that the integrated planting calendar information system is a manifestation of a farmer's coping mechanism for climate change for farmers in Indonesia. Fanadzo et al. (2021) even showed that small farmers in the South African region were able to carry out coping and adaptation strategies in dealing with natural disasters (drought). ...
This paper aims to discuss the coping mechanisms of a community in dealing with risks and uncertainties in new situations that have never been part of their local knowledge. The problem is focused on how the subject (farmer) formulates risk and uncertainty, and shows their coping mechanisms to deal with the complexity of the problem. The cultural approach is an important reference for understanding the empirical phenomenon being studied, combined with the concept of dynamic local knowledge and the concept of risk. Data were collected through fieldwork using an emic view approach with observation-participation techniques as well as in-depth interviews and qualitative data analysis processes. This study concludes that farmers have a risk conception which they call “try it out” on 4 sources of risk (air, pest, price, volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung) and develop coping mechanisms through variations in cropping patterns, even the type of 'gambling' as an opportunity for the complexity of the risks that occur. The risk symbols are also classified into 2 types of distribution; individual and communal. The ability to cope with each type proves the innovative capacity of the subjects, which is related to the dynamics of knowledge and the learning process in their community.
