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Details of ascomata surface (SEM). A. Loranitschkia viticola. B. Nitschkia floridana. C. Nitschkia grevillei. D. Nitschkia macrospora. E, F. Nitschkia parasitans. G, H. Nitschkia modesta. I. Tympanopsis confertula. A, C, E–G, I. Surface of lateral walls. B, D, H. Surface of apical walls. Bars: A–C, E, H 5 20 mm, D, G, I 5 50 mm, F 5 2 mm.
Source publication
Ascomata of 10 species assigned to family Nitschkiaceae were examined with a scanning electron microscope to reveal their distinctive features. These observations, along with biogeographical considerations of the 10 species, form the basis for a revised interpretation of the concepts used for those nitschkiaceous taxa in the Russian Far East. Four...
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Two species of Lasallia and 18 of Umbilicaria are reported from the Arctic, North-East Sakha-Yakutia Republic and Magadan Region of Russia. Of these, Umbilicaria cinereorufescens and U. nylanderiana are new for the Russian Arctic, U. aprina is new for Sakha-Yakutia and Krasnoyarsk Territory, U. hirsuta is new for Sakha-Yakutia and U. virginis is ne...
Citations
... 41 These species mimic the cell walls of ascomycetes fungi. 42 Furthermore, the presence of coccoidshaped nostoc-type cyanobacterium cells and the microbial mat ( Figure S2, S3), with unique pores in its sheath (indicated by yellow dotted lines and arrows), indicates microbial interventions in varnish production. 43 Besides morphology, elemental concentrations also support the presence of MCF entities in varnish. ...
Bare rock surfaces in dry to semiarid places of the world often host a black-brown accretion rich in Mn and Fe known as rock varnish. The varnish surface presents an ideal environment for microbial development. A burgeoning interdisciplinary arena of scholarship focuses on the biogeochemical fingerprints of life in severe settings. Given that a large number of researchers hypothesize that varnish formation is a key process by microorganisms, the high altitude Ladakh remains a largely unexplored research setting. Thus, as one of the world’s harshest dry deserts, we selected Ladakh as the focus for this investigation into the nature of organic biomarkers found in subaerial rock varnish in this severe climate. Microbial fingerprinting using organic biomarkers and isotopic analyses in conjunction with electron microscopy reveals the presence of organic metabolites such as fatty acids, alkyl benzenes, oxime, amide, and fatty acids that we interpret as resulting from mineral–microbial interactions. We hypothesize that a newly discovered change in surface wettability characteristics from hydrophilic (in host rock) to hydrophobic (in varnish) might be important in facilitating the development of microbial processes that could be related to varnish formation.
... It seems that the apparently unique area in question is primarily limited by the distribution in northeastern Asia of what are referred to as 'cool-temperate rainforests' (Krestov et al. 2011; Nakamura et al. 2011), whereas the excluded countries are characterized by different types of climate and vegetation. Many pyrenomycetes have been collected exclusively in the Sea of Japan area and assigned to new species or genera (Vasilyeva 1990Vasilyeva , 1993Vasilyeva , 2001Vasilyeva , 2007Vasilyeva , 2010 Ju et al. 1999 Ju et al. , 2009 Stadler et al. 2005; Vasilyeva & Mel'nik 2006; Vasilyeva & Stadler 2008; Vasilyeva et al. 2007 Vasilyeva et al. , 2010 Hirooka et al. 2011). The main purpose of the Vasilyeva & Stephenson (2010b) series (for which this is the third contribution) is to emphasize that by neglecting biogeographical patterns, mycologists often have reached the wrong conclusions regarding application of species names to fungi in northeastern Asia. ...
The peculiar species composition of the assemblage of pyrenomycetous fungi known from the area around the Sea of Japan is discussed. Three new species—Annulohypoxylon orientale, Hypoxylon cyanescens, and Nectria araliae—are described and illustrated.
... In this regard, the fungus from Thailand, which lacks setae on the ascomata, cannot be assigned to Spinulosphaeria. However, when taking into account the logic outlined in a previous paper (Vasilyeva et al. 2010), where the presence or absence of setae was not considered to be the generic difference, we could still keep the genus Spinulosphaeria in mind. In addition, the ascomata of S. nuda without setae did not prevent the placement of the latter species in Spinulosphaeria (Mugambi & Huhndorf 2010). ...
... (cf. Vasilyeva et al. 2010, Fig. 5B). We could also indicate that the ascospores of N. siamensis are not longer than 15 mm, although some of them are very slightly longer. ...
Two new species collected in northern Thailand are herein described and discussed. Tortulomyces thailandicus is the type of a new genus characterized by a combination of such features as a dense subiculum, non-ostiolate ascomata, two kinds of paraphyses (filiform and bead-like), and 1-septate, brown ascospores. Nitschkia siamensis has non-ostiolate, turbinate and stalked ascomata and hyaline, often slightly curved, 1-septate ascospores. © 2012 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
... The coronophoraceous fungi (Coronophorales, Ascomycota ) have received considerable attention recently (Huhndorf et al. 2004; Mugambi and Huhndorf 2010; Vasilyeva et al. 2010), and 16 new species have been described from Costa Rica, Ecuador, Kenya, Puerto Rico and eastern Russia. The two new species from Texas (USA) add to what is known about the biodiversity of these fungi. ...
... This paper also presents micrographs of ascomata obtained with the use of a scanning electron microscope. The first such study was carried out last year (Vasilyeva et al. 2010) and revealed a number of features that are easily overlooked. In addition to the new coronophoraceous fungi from the Big Thicket National Preserve, we also examined the ascomata of a specimen of Scortechinia acanthostroma (Mont.) ...
... Lar.N. Vassiljeva–was also studied with the use of the scanning microscope (Vasilyeva et al. 2010). It differs from T. texensis in having larger ascospores. ...
Ascomata of three species of coronophoraceous fungi collected from the Big Thicket National Preserve and an area immediately
adjacent to the preserve were examined with a scanning electron microscope to reveal the distinctive features of the ascomatal
surface. Based on the results of the examination, two new species (Neochaetosphaerella thaxteriospora and Tympanopsis texensis) are herein described and discussed. Both a description and an illustration of Scortechinia acanthostroma are also provided.
... In species of Cyanonectria and Geejayessia, the cell
walls in all layers have locally and abruptly thinned areas ca. 1
μm diam or less, but which do not become complete pores (Figs
3N;
5N;
7J, K;
8G, H;
10O–P). We propose the
name “Samuels pores” for these structures.They appear to differ
from the so-called “Munk pores” in the Nitschkiaceae and
other related Sordariomycetes
(Carroll & Munk 1964),
which are typically surrounded by a distinctly thickened and morphologically
conspicuous rim (Samuels et al.
1993, figs 6,
12;
Vasilyeva et al.
2010, fig. 7 j, k). ...
A revision of Fusarium-like species associated with the plant genus Buxus led to a reconsideration of generic concepts in the Fusarium clade of the Nectriaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and the larger subunit of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1) gene exons confirm the existence of a clade, here called the terminal Fusarium clade, that includes genera such as Fusariumsensu stricto (including its Gibberella teleomorphs), Albonectria, Cyanonectria, "Haematonectria", the newly described genus Geejayessia, and "Nectria" albida. Geejayessia accommodates five species. Four were previously classified in Nectria sensu lato, namely the black perithecial, KOH-species G. atrofusca and the orange or reddish, KOH+ G. cicatricum, G. desmazieri and G. zealandica.Geejayessia celtidicola is newly described. Following our phylogenetic analyses showing its close relationship with Cyanonectria cyanostoma, the former Gibbera buxi is recombined as the second species of Cyanonectria. A three gene phylogenetic analysis of multiple strains of each morphological species using translation elongation factor 1 α (tef-1), rpb2 and acl1 gene exons and introns confirms their status as distinct phylogenetic species. Internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and nuclear large ribosomal subunit sequences were generated as additional DNA barcodes for selected strains. The connection of Fusarium buxicola, often erroneously reported as the anamorph of G. desmazieri, with the bluish black and KOH+ perithecial species C. buxi is reinstated. Most Cyanonectria and Geejayessia species exhibit restricted host ranges on branches or twigs of Buxus species, Celtisoccidentalis, or Staphyleatrifolia. Their perithecia form caespitose clusters on well-developed, mostly erumpent stromata on the bark or outer cortex of the host and are relatively thin-walled, mostly smooth, and therefore reminiscent of the more or less astromatous, singly occurring perithecia of Cosmospora, Dialonectria, and Microcera. The cell walls in outer- and inner layers of the perithecial walls of Cyanonectria and Geejayessia have inconspicuous pore-like structures, as do representative species of Albonectria, Fusarium sensu stricto, "Haematonectria", and "Nectria" albida. The taxonomic significance of these structures, which we call Samuels' pores, is discussed.
... (Fig. 3), and possibly Nitschkia floridana Fitzp. (Vasilyeva et al. 2010). Graphostroma platystoma occurs on dead branches of many kinds of trees, suggesting a wide distribution, but the fungus displays an affinity for eastern Asia and eastern North America. ...
In this paper the biogeographical pattern known as the Grayan disjunction is discussed with respect to pyrenomycetous fungi. The importance of considering biogeographical data in taxonomy is emphasized. Apiognomonia duschekiae is described as a new species, Biscogniauxia alnophila is proposed as a new name for B. mediterranea var. microspora, and Nemania sphaeriostoma is proposed as a new combination.
Bare rock surfaces in dry to semi-arid places of the world usually have a black-brown, metallic sheen covering known as "rock/desert varnish." Rock varnishes are naturally occurring surface textures rich in Mn and Fe that are deposited on rocks. The varnish surface looks to be an ideal environment for microbial development. The function of bacteria in varnish formation, on the other hand, is currently being debated. Therefore, researchers throughout the world have long been interested in the biogeochemical fingerprints of life in severe settings, and the identification of organic entities is an important aspect of the quest for early life in extreme circumstances. High-altitude Ladakh, one of the world's harshest dry deserts, was chosen as the study's sample location due to its severe climatic circumstances. The current study illustrates significant microbial fingerprinting using organic biomarkers and isotopic analyses in conjunction with electron microscopy, revealing the presence of organic metabolites such as fatty acids, alkyl benzenes, oxime, amide, and fatty acids on the varnish layer as a result of mineral-microbial interactions. We propose for the first time that how change in surface wettability characteristics from hydrophilic (in host rock) to hydrophobic (in varnish) allowed microbial life to thrive in extreme environments. The current work provides evidence for a long-standing question about microbial affinity for the varnish layer and illustrates the significance of hydrophobicity in the varnish layer as a crucial component for understanding biogeochemical processes related to varnish growth.
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
El orden Coronophorales ha sido poco estudiado en México. Incluye seis familias y solo cuatro de ellas están representadas en el país. Se caracteriza por ascomas periteciales turbinados o globosos, con presencia o ausencia de estructuras quellkörper y/o poros de Munk. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer las especies de Coronophorales previamente conocidas del país y describir los nuevos registros.
Métodos:
Se realizaron exploraciones al azar para la recolección de ejemplares, entre 2011 y 2015, en áreas verdes urbanas y periurbanas de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Se revisó material recolectado y previamente herborizado. El estudio de las muestras se hizo de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales en micología y todo el material estudiado está depositado en el herbario XAL.
Resultados clave:
Se describen 11 especies de Coronophorales. Nueve de ellas: Bertia sinensis, B. triseptata, Chaetosphaerella fusca, Fracchiaea callista, Gaillardiella pezizoides, Nitschkia collapsa, N. floridana, Tympanopsis confertula y T. uniseriata son nuevos registros para México; Fracchiaea broomeana se cita por primera vez para Veracruz y Nitschkia grevillii se registra de nuevas localidades. Se presentan dibujos o fotografías del material estudiado, además de una clave para determinar las especies hasta ahora conocidas del orden en el país.
Conclusiones:
El orden Coronophorales está poco representado en México. Previo a esta contribución se conocían diez especies del grupo. Sin embargo, con los nuevos registros que aquí se presentan, ahora suman 19 las especies conocidas de este grupo de hongos en el país.
Co-evolutionary relationships of plants and fungi are of great importance for the phylogeny of both groups. Nyssa was widely distributed in the northern hemisphere during the Cenozoic. Extant species of Nyssa exhibit a disjunct distribution between eastern North America, Central America and East Asia. Here, a new species, Nyssa nanningensis Xu & Jin, is described based on fruit endocarps from the upper Oligocene Yongning Formation of the Nanning Basin, South China. This new fossil record of Nyssa expands the known palaeogeographical distribution of the genus to the low latitudes of East Asia. Associated fossil fungal fruiting bodies on Nyssa endocarps are assigned to the new fossil genus and species, Yongnicta nyssae Tobias & Maslova. This new genus is similar to some members of extant wood destructor taxa Coronophorales and Amphisphaeriales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). About 3% of the Nyssa endocarps studied were affected by Yongnicta nyssae. Low frequency of fruit damage indicates that endocarps could be released from mesocarps by animals eating fleshy parts of fruits, making them potentially available to wood-destroying fungi.
The number of species in Sordariomycetes has increased dramatically. However, some genera discovered earlier are poorly known, documented and thus need to be redescribed. This paper continues the work on 'Taxonomic studies of some often overlooked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae'. We provide descriptions, notes and figures or drawings for 71 overlooked genera belonging to Bertiaceae, Ceratostomataceae, Chaetosphaerellaceae, Coronophoraceae, Niessliaceae, Nitschkiaceae and Scortechiniaceae in Hypocreomycetidae based on observation of type materials, authentic specimens or studying the literature. The taxonomic placements of the genera are redefined based on morphology and/or phylogenetic results. As a result, Gonatobotrys and Neotrotteria, which are often overlooked and have unstable taxonomic placements in previous studies, belong to Ceratostomataceae based on morphology and phylogeny. The lichenicolous genus, Nitschkiopsis, which lacks DNA sequence data, is placed in Niessliaceae based on its setose ascomata and hyaline ellipsoidal ascospores similar to Niesslia species. The type species of Cryptosphaerella lacks molecular data and is morphologically similar to Cryptosphaeria or Coronophora, both of which have ostiolate ascomata. Therefore, it is placed in Sordariomycetes, not in Scortechiniaceae, whose species are characterized by ascomata that lack ostioles. In addition, the taxonomy of species with ascomata lacking ostioles in Cryptosphaerella have been revised and introduced as two new genera; Neocryptosphaerella and Pseudocryptosphaerella based on the phylogenetic result. Seven new combinations proposed are Fracchiaea myricoides (≡ Coronophora myricoides), Neocryptosphaerella celata (≡ Cryptosphaerella celata), N. globosa (≡ Cry. globosa), Pseudocryptosphaerella costaricensis (≡ Cry. costaricensis), P. cylindriformis (≡ Cry. cylindriformis), P. elliptica (≡ Cry. elliptica) and P. malindensis (≡ Cry. malindensis).
