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Detailed ventral view of the rabbit's brain (Obs.25) to highlight the cerebral arterial circle opened rostrally: (a) internal carotid artery; (b) rostral branch of internal carotid artery; (c) internal ophthalmic artery; (d) middle cerebral artery; (e) rostral cerebral artery; (f) caudal branch of internal carotid artery; (ot) olfactory trigonous; (oc) optic chiasm; (pl) pyriform lobe; (tc) tuber cinereum. Bar= 2mm.
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The brains of 30 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were injected with red stained latex. The arteries of the ventral surface of the brain were systematized on the right (R) and on the left (L) side with the respective percentage of appearance: the aortic arch emitted the braquicephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery (83.3%); or the...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 6.7% of the cases, the- re was no formation of the rostral communicating artery and the cerebral arterial circle remained rostrally opened. In one of these cases, each rostral cerebral artery formed a rostral inter-hemispheric artery on its antimere (Fig.5). But, in another finding, the right rostral cerebral artery, after penetrating the cerebral longitudinal fissure, bifurca- ted and formed the right and left rostral inter-hemispheric arteries, while the left rostral cerebral artery was rostrally projected on the ventral surface of the cerebral hemisphe- re, until it reached the olfactory bulb. ...
Context 2
... 93.3% of the cases, the cerebral arterial circle was rostrally closed, generally by the formation of a single me- dian artery, the rostral communicating artery. However, in 6.7%, the rostral communicating artery was absent, leaving the cerebral arterial circle rostrally opened (Fig.5). ...
Citations
... Based on the results of this study, the arterial vascularization of the brain in red kangaroo is classified as type II. The same type was previously described in agoutis, cats, dogs, horses, opossums, rabbits, coatis, and pigs [45,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. ...
The red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) is a member of Macropidideae superfamily. It is one of the four kangaroo species living nowadays, and it is the biggest one. It is native to Australia, where it is an abundant species living across the whole continent in stable populations. Outside its natural habit, the red kangaroo is a common species found in zoos and as patients in wildlife rehabilitation centers. Reports on kangaroo anatomy are scarce. Describing detailed anatomy is a base for establishing diagnostic and treatment protocols for different species of animals. Cardiovascular diseases and pathological changes suggestive of hypertension have been previously described in kangaroos. This creates a necessity for detailed studies on species’ vascular anatomy. New reports in the field of detailed vascular anatomy can bring considerable information that complements numerous studies on the evolution or biology of individual species. In this article, we describe the arterial vascularization of the brain and nearby regions of the cranial cavity using various anatomical techniques. The vascularization of the brain is discussed and compared with different mammalian species.
... This method consisted of injecting a mixture of latex and dye-stuff into a well-cleaned vascular bed beforehand and following the path of the vessels by dissection. Passing through a 10% diluted formaldehyde bath, recommended by the majority of authors (Esteves, 2013;Araùjo, 2005;de Souza, 2013), by inducing rigidity of the vascular wall, allowed a good anatomical analysis. ...
The arterial circle at the base of the skull appears to be supplied only by the vertebrobasilar system. The anatomy of the internal carotid artery is not known. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the anatomy of the arterial system of the aulacode. A total of twelve (12) carotid arteries from six (6) grasscutters were injected with neoprene latex to study the origin, path, termination, collateral branches and brain irrigation areas of the. internal carotid artery. Originating from the common carotid artery, the internal carotid arteries, right and left, flowed forward and out to reach the lateral surfaces of the trachea. In the cervical region, they emitted three collateral branches, the posterior laryngeal artery, the artery of the neck muscles, and the encephalic artery. These different arteries supplied the larynx, neck and brain, respectively. The encephalic arteries were either single or double. The arteries of the neck muscles were dividing at their endings or not. The observation of the latex in the brain reflects the participation of the internal carotid artery in the vascularization of the brain, or at least of anastomoses between its branches and those of the external carotid artery or the vertebro-basilar system.
... The chinchilla's blood supply was described by (12)(13)(14). There are very few studies on brain blood supply in rabbits (15)(16)(17). The lack of studies specialized in the brain blood supply of rabbit especially in the local rabbit, in particular, prompted us to carry out this study, through which we will highlight the blood supply of the nervous system inside the cranium. ...
... Fourteen adult healthy rabbits regardless to sex with weight ranging between 3-3.5 kg were taken from the local markets of the city of Mosul. The rabbits were anesthetized by inhalation of chloroform, then an incision was made in the neck area to check the common carotid artery (CCA), to open it and make the animal bleeding, then, 5000 IU of heparin was mixed with normal saline and injected to remove the leftover blood and thrombus present in blood vessels, After that 10% formalin solution was injected into the blood vessels for fixation and then the CCA was closed by artery forceps and placed in 10% formalin solution for 72 hours (17). ...
... The injection was done by the same method of injection of formalin in the body and through the CCA, and then locking the artery with artery forceps and samples were left for 48 hours to solidify the latex. Then the skin and skull bones were removed and the brain, meninges, and part of the spinal cord were harvested (17). ...
Current work aims to investigate the brain blood supply of the local rabbit, where 14 rabbits of both sexes were used with weights ranging from 3-3.5 kg. This study revealed that the rabbit's brain is supplied by the vertebral and internal carotid artery (ICA). The union of the vertebral arteries creates the basilar artery that runs on the ventral surface of the pons and medulla oblongata, forming at its end the posterior communicating arteries (PCA), as well as at the path of the basilar artery from which the following arteries are formed, which are the anterior cerebellar arteries, pons arteries, 1 st posterior cerebellar artery, 2 nd posterior cerebellar artery, and the medullary arteries. The ICA enters the cranium through the foramen lacerum, forming the anterior carotid network, from which an artery exits anteriorly, called the intracranial part of the ICA, and caudally exits the (PCA). The following arteries are created from the intracranial part of the ICA, which is the accessory anterior communicating artery that connects with the posterior communicating artery and the posterior cerebral artery (PCEA) forming the closed circle of Willis, the middle cerebral artery is also created anteriorly and laterally to distributed on the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain, as well as the anterior cerebral artery which directed forward to gives the marginal artery which represents the first terminal branch of the anterior cerebral artery, and at the marginal artery going toward the olfactory tract and then to the olfactory bulb from which the internal ethmoidal artery is created. The anterior communicating artery originates from the anterior cerebral artery and it is a small artery communicating the left and right anterior cerebral arteries with each other, and the posterior cerebral artery originates from the PCA, as well as the anterior cerebellar arteries arising from the PCA and accessory posterior communicating artery (APCA) and the anterior part of basilar artery, to supply the hemispheres of the cerebellum and the cerebellar vermis.
... A. vertebralis bilaterally enters into cavum cranii through foramen magnum. Two a. vertebralis form a. basilaris by being combined from ventral side of medulla oblongata (Mazensky et al., 2012;Souza & Campos (2013)). ...
... Brudnicki et al., (2012), described the progress of cerebral artery in wild rabbit and compared with variations in wild and domesticated individuals. Souza andCampos (2013) andMazensky et al., (2012), described intracranial arteries of rabbit with macroanatomical details. Brudnicki et al., (2015), reported some morphometric data of intracranial arteries of wild rabbit (Lepus europaeus) by dissection going beyond the scope of classic macroanatomy. ...
... Brudnicki et al., (2012), described the progress of cerebral artery in wild rabbit and compared with variations in wild and domesticated individuals. Souza andCampos (2013) andMazensky et al., (2012), described intracranial arteries of rabbit with macroanatomical details. Brudnicki et al., (2015), reported some morphometric data of intracranial arteries of wild rabbit (Lepus europaeus) by dissection going beyond the scope of classic macroanatomy. ...
The aim of the study was to determine identification, three‐dimensional modelling, and morphometry of intracranial arteries in New Zealand Rabbit by using computed tomography angiography. A total of 20 adult New Zealand Rabbits from both sexes were used in the study. General anaesthesia procedure was followed before computed tomography angiography imaging. Rabbits were placed in a prone position for imaging. Computed tomography angiography imaging was performed by injecting contrast agent into vena auricularis marginalis of rabbits. Morphometric measurements of the specified points were taken by MIMICS program using the computed tomography angiography images acquired. Three‐dimensional intracranial artery model was prepared from the two‐dimensional images on the same program. Measurements were statistically compared in terms of sex and side. It was observed in the study that arteria basilaris was generated by bilateral arteria vertebralis at the basal level of medulla oblongata. In the study, a statistically significant difference was determined only in diameter values of arteria cerebri caudalis dextra et sinistra in both female and male rabbits. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was determined with respect to the side. Consequently, we think that the data of the present study will contribute to further studies on cerebrovascular pathology, clinicians or researchers.
... In the present study, it was observed that paca presents the vertebral artery at the base of the brain in accordance with Bugge (1970) in muroiods, Bugge (1971a) in rats, bamboo rats, mices and jerboas, Bugge (1971c) in mole-rat, Alcântara & Prada (1996) in dogs, Reckziegel et al. (2001) in capybaras, Araújo & Campos (2005) in chinchillas, Aydin et al. (2005) in guinea pigs, Bugge (1971b) and Aydin (2008) in red squirrel, Aydin et al. (2009) in ground squirrels, Barreiro et al. (2012) in coatis, Lima et al. (2013) in anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla), Souza & Campos (2013) in rabbits, Silva et al. (2016) in agouti, Costa et al. (2017a) in gerbils and Costa et al. (2017b) in preá (Cavia aperea). ...
... The sinuous path of the basilar artery has also been described by Lima et al. (2006) in cats. In addition, Souza & Campos (2013) described that in rabbits, the basilar artery may originate solely from the left or right vertebral artery. ...
... The intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery as well as its rostral and caudal branches were found in paca, similarly in castor (Frąckowiak & Śmiełowski 1998), dogs (Alcântara & Prada 1996), chinchillas (Araújo & Campos 2005), swine (Ferreira & Prada 2005), yaks (Ding et al. 2007), coatis (Barreiro et al. 2012), anteater (Lima et al. 2013), rabbits (Souza & Campos 2013), hares , deer (Kieltyka-Kurc et al. 2015), agouti (Silva et al. 2016), gerbil (Costa et al. 2017a) and caves (Costa et al. 2017b). In contrast, it has not been described in guinea pigs (Aydin et al. 2005), adult capybaras (Reckziegel et al. 2001, Steele et al. 2006, nutria (Azambuja 2007) and ground squirrels (Aydin et al. 2009). ...
Paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766), rodent belong to the Cuniculidae family, has encouraged numerous scientific researches and for this reason could be an experimental model in both human and veterinary areas. And recently, the economic exploitation of the meat cuts, has being direct implication in its zootechnical importance. However, no anatomical descriptions regarding the vascularization of the base of the brain in this rodent has being found. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the arteries and the pattern of the vasculature and to compare it with the other species already established in the literature. For this, five pacas, donated by the Unesp Jaboticabal Wildlife Sector, were euthanized followed by the vascular arterial system was injected with red-stained-centrifuged latex by the common carotid artery. After craniectomy, the brains were removed and the arteries were identified and, in addition, compared with those described in other animal species. The presence of the right and left vertebral arteries, close to the medulla oblongata, was detected, originating the basilar artery, which divided into the terminal branches of the right and left basilar artery. Ventral to the optic tract there was the right internal carotid artery and the left, dividing the middle cerebral artery and left rostral and right; dorsal to the optic chiasm, the medial branch of the rostral cerebral arteries was identified. Based on the results, it is concluded that the vascularization of the paca brain base is supplied by the carotid and vertebrobasilar system.
... Alguns estudos clássicos [14,23] mostram uma grande diversidade dos modelos vasculares associados ao desenvolvimento filogenético do encéfalo desde peixes passando por anfíbios, répteis, aves até chegar à grande classe dos mamíferos. Outros estudos mais recentes [1, 4,8,[10][11][12]16,[18][19][20][21][22]24] descreveram a irrigação encefálica de várias espécies, mas somente na nútria, coelho, graxaim do campo e javali foi descrita a vascularização do páleo-palio. Segundo Beccari [9] o páleo-palio reveste trígono olfatório, tubérculo olfatório, fossa lateral do cérebro e lobo piriforme, com quatro à cinco camadas de neurônios, exclusivamente olfativos. ...
... Ao justificar a discussão sobre a sistematização e descrição da vascularização arterial da área paleo-palial do cérebro em chinchila, a mesma foi comparada a outras espécies como javali [17], nutria [8], coelho [22] e graxaim do campo [12,13], pois somente nestes animais foram encontradas referências sobre o assunto. Os ramos centrais das artérias cerebrais foram os principais responsáveis pela irrigação das áreas paleo-paliais do cérebro da chinchila, assim como nas espécies já citadas [8,12,13,17,22]. ...
... Ao justificar a discussão sobre a sistematização e descrição da vascularização arterial da área paleo-palial do cérebro em chinchila, a mesma foi comparada a outras espécies como javali [17], nutria [8], coelho [22] e graxaim do campo [12,13], pois somente nestes animais foram encontradas referências sobre o assunto. Os ramos centrais das artérias cerebrais foram os principais responsáveis pela irrigação das áreas paleo-paliais do cérebro da chinchila, assim como nas espécies já citadas [8,12,13,17,22]. Devido a variação dos tipos de vascularização arterial em cada uma destas espécies foram observadas pequenas diferenças, podendo estes vasos centrais também serem emitidos do ramo rostral da artéria carótida interna como no coelho e graxaim do campo [12,22] ou da artéria carótida do cérebro como em javali [17,19]. ...
Background: Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) is a small rodent that in recent years has been increasingly used as a laboratory animal by different researchers. Brain irrigation is the object of study by several authors, being chinchilla classified as a vertebrobasillary animal, that is, it does not depend on the internal carotid artery to originate its cerebral arterial vascularization. Thus, the objective of this study was to systematize and describe the branches of the rostral, middle and caudal cerebral arteries that vascularized the paleopallia area of the chinchilla. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty Chinchilla lanigera brains were used in this study, 17 females and 13 adult males from farms in the municipalities of Viamão and Santa Maria in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The animals were heparinized, with 5000 IU / animal, and after 30 min were sacrificed with 8 mL / 2.5% sodium thiopental animal, both intraperitoneally. The thoracic cavity was opened, the cardiac apex sectioned and the aortic arch was cannulated through the left ventricle. The arterial system was flushed with 0.9% cooled saline, 100mL / animal and then filled with 603 latex stained red with specific dye. The skin was recessed and a bone window opened in the cranial vault. Thus the pieces were fixed in 20% formaldehyde for seven days and after this period, the brain with a cervical spinal cord segment was removed and ventral schematic drawings of all preparations were prepared. The Veterinary Anatomical Nomina (2017) was used to name the cerebral arteries and their branches and for the statistical analysis of the results, the percentage calculation was applied. Brain irrigation in the chinchilla was supplied by the basilar artery, which was formed by anastomosis of the terminal branches of the right and left vertebral arteries, in the most caudal portion of the oblong medulla. The paleopallia areas corresponded to the olfactory trine, lateral brain fossa, piriform lobe, bulb and olfactory peduncle, and the medial and lateral olfactory tracts. Irrigation of the chinchilla paleopallia area was supplied by central branches from the caudal, middle and rostral cerebral arteries, and by the central branches originating from the terminal branches of the basilar artery.Discussion: Justifying the discussion about the systematization and description of arterial vascularization of the paleopallia area of the chinchilla brain, it was compared to other species such as wild boar, nutria, rabbit and greasy of the field, because only in these animals were found references on the subject. . The central branches of the cerebral arteries were mainly responsible for the irrigation of the paleopallia areas of the chinchilla brain, as well as in the species already mentioned. Due to the variation of the types of arterial vascularization in each of these species, small differences were observed, and these central vessels may also be emitted from the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery, such as in the rabbit and fatty grapefruit, or from the brain carotid artery as in wildboar. Similarities between chinchilla and nutria were also observed, and these central branches may originate from the terminal branches of the basilar artery in both species.
... Nas proposições clássicas [8,13], observa-se que não apenas o encéfalo encontra-se em modificação como, os vasos arteriais. No aspecto filogenético o estudo mostra-se fascinante, graças aos muitos arranjos do círculo arterial cerebral, embora os diferentes aspectos morfológicos não representem parâmetros evolutivos. ...
... Os ramos centrais nestas espécies assim como em javali apresentaram vasos centrais originados da artéria cerebral caudal, da artéria cerebral média, assim como da artéria cerebral rostral e de suas ramificações. Devido a variação do tipo de vascularização em cada uma destas espécies, ocorreram pequenas diferenças podendo estes vasos serem também originados dos ramos terminais da artéria basilar como em chinchila [1][2][3] ou diretamente do ramo rostral da artéria carótida interna como em coelho [13] e da carótida do cérebro como no próprio javali. ...
... A artéria cerebral caudal integrou o final deste sistema e está conectada ao sistema carotídeo através, do ramo caudal da artéria carótida interna (artéria comunicante caudal). O ramo rostral da artéria carótida interna originou a artéria cerebral média e a artéria cerebral rostral [8,13]. ...
Background: The study was performed on wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) wich is a wild ancestor of the domestic pig and is not part of Brazilian fauna. The arterial blood supply of the encephalus has been studied by some researchers, who have systematized the cerebral blood supply from the rostral and caudal epidural rete mirabile and its sources in wild boar until the blood supply of the base of the brain. The objective was to improve the understanding of the arterial blood supply of the brain, particularly the paleopallium, of the wild boar and to provide a reference for comparative anatomy studies. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 30 brains were obtained from an officially authorised slaughterhouse and approved by Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Renowable Resources. The animals were desensitized, followed by bleending of the jugular veins and common carotid arteries near the entrance of the thorax, according to the slaughter procedure. Finally, the animals were decapitated at the level of axis vertebra. The cerebral arterial system of each animal was rinsed (cooled saline containing 2500 IU of heparin) and drained by the jugular veins, and vessels were filled with latex 603 stained with specific red dye. The heads were submerged for one hour in running water immersed in 20% formaldehyde for fixation; the brains were removed along with a cervical segment of the spinal cord. The duramater was removed, and the arteries were dissected. Schematic drawings of the ventral view of the all preparations were made using magnifying glasses and photographic records. The Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria was used to named the cerebral arteries and their branches, and calculation of pecentages was applied in the statistical analysis. The cerebral carotid artery originating from the rostral epidural rete mirabile emitted a rostral branch and a caudal branch on the side of the hypophysis gland. The rostral branch emitted one to three middle cerebral arteries and continued as rostral cerebral artery. The latter emitted the superficial and perforating central arteries, lateral rhinal artery, ethmoidal artery, medial branch and medial rhinal artery. Discussion: Wild boar is a macrosmatic animal, it presents well-developed areas of the paleopallium that are exclusively olfactory. Its extensive paleopallium was nourished by branches of the rostral cerebral artery and its collateral branches, including the lateral rhinal, ethmoidal, and medial branch and the medial rhinal artery. The rostral cerebral arteries and their collateral branches supplied blood to the olfactory bulb, olfactory peduncle, two-thirds of the lateral olfactory tract, medial olfactory tract, and rostral two-thirds of the olfactory trigone. The medial cerebral arteries within the lateral fossa of the brain, emitted superficial rostral central branches to the paleopallium, perforating central branches (striated) to the lateral fossa of the brain and caudal third of the olfactory trigone and caudal central branches to the piriform lobe. The rostral most two-thirds of a small medial band of the piriform lobe was vascularised by central branches originating mainly from the rostral branch of the cerebral cartotid artery. The paleopallium in the wild boar was nourished by branches of the cerebral rostral, middle and caudal arteries and by the central branches of the cerebral carotid artery. The arterial blood supply of the paleopallium in the wild boar was compared to the chinchilla, nutria, rabbit and pampas fox. Three cerebral vessels were mainly responsable for the emission of the central branches that supplied blood to the paleopallium, namely the middle, rostral, and caudal cerebral arteries. The differences or variations among these species were due to the type of cerebral blood supply in the formation of the cerebral arterial circle.Keywords : anatomy, brain, paleopallia, arteries, Artiodactila, wild boar.
... Quanto à artéria basilar, no presente estudo, originou-se da anastomose da artéria vertebral direita e esquerda, seguindo seu trajeto de forma retilínea, semelhantemente ao encontrado na chinchila [1], cutia [21], nutria [6], porco-espinho [3], cão [19], gato [11], quatis [7], coelho [22] e no tamanduá-mirim [16]. ...
... No que se refere à artéria espinhal ventral, observou-se no preá, que a mesma foi originada a partir da artéria vertebral direita, na maioria dos espécimes analisados. Em contrapartida aos estudos realizados em coelhos [22], já que surge mais frequentemente da anastomose da artéria vertebral direita e esquerda, podendo originar-se somente da artéria vertebral esquerda ou da direita. Difere ainda dos trabalhos em gatos [14], onde frequentemente, na transição da medula oblonga com a medula espinhal, a artéria vertebral direita e esquerda emitiam ramos no sentido caudal que se anastomosavam e formavam a artéria espinhal ventral. ...
... e seus gânglios, resultado similar ao relatado no nutria [6]. No entanto, os resultados obtidos para o preá discordam do descrito em coelhos [22], já que esta artéria pode surgir como ramo da artéria cerebelar rostral. ...
Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.
Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with Noprene Latex “650” stained with water-based white or red pigment. The animals were subsequently fixed in 3.7% aqueous formaldehyde solution for 48 h, and soon after the brain skull cap was dissected and removed, which was then analyzed, photographed and sketched. Of the 20 animals evaluated, 100% presented vertebrobasilar system responsible for encephalic irrigation of the rostral and caudal regions, and anastomosis of the left internal carotid artery was found in only one case (female) (5%), irrigating the rostral region of the encephalon together with the
vertebro-basilar system. In the most frequently found arrangement, the unpaired main arteries present at the base of the brain included: ventral spinal, basilar, medial branch of the rostrais cerebral arteries, medial rostral inter-hemisphere; and the pairs: vertebral, cerebellar caudal, middle cerebellar, trigeminal, rostral cerebellar, rostral tectal, caudal cerebral, pituitary, internal ophthalmic, middle cerebral, rostral cerebral, lateral olfactory bulb and internal ethmoid. Arterial circuit formation was observed as being geometrically similar to a complete, closed and elongated hexagon in the caudal-rostral direction, bypassing the mammillary body, the cinereous tuft and the optic chiasm.
Discussion: The study of the nervous system, especially on identification of the arteries responsible for supplying the brain is relevant, especially when it comes to a wild species such as in galea considering that little is known about their morphology, and also because it can be used as a model in clinical and surgical studies related to the nervous system. Based on the analyzed animals, we conclude that the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in galea is type III, similar to the findings in other species of rodents such as in otters and porcupines; and differing from those described for agoutis and mice-moles. The arterial circuit of galea is complete and closed like those described for the agouti and the European beaver, yet differing from that observed for otters and chinchillas which have an open circuit.
Keywords: arterial circuit, vertebro-basilar system, carotid system, rodent, central nervous system.
Descritores: circuito arterioso, sistema vertebro-basilar, sistema carótico, roedor, sistema nervoso central.
... Quanto à artéria basilar, no presente estudo, originou-se da anastomose da artéria vertebral direita e esquerda, seguindo seu trajeto de forma retilínea, semelhantemente ao encontrado na chinchila [1], cutia [21], nutria [6], porco-espinho [3], cão [19], gato [11], quatis [7], coelho [22] e no tamanduá-mirim [16]. ...
... No que se refere à artéria espinhal ventral, observou-se no preá, que a mesma foi originada a partir da artéria vertebral direita, na maioria dos espécimes analisados. Em contrapartida aos estudos realizados em coelhos [22], já que surge mais frequentemente da anastomose da artéria vertebral direita e esquerda, podendo originar-se somente da artéria vertebral esquerda ou da direita. Difere ainda dos trabalhos em gatos [14], onde frequentemente, na transição da medula oblonga com a medula espinhal, a artéria vertebral direita e esquerda emitiam ramos no sentido caudal que se anastomosavam e formavam a artéria espinhal ventral. ...
... e seus gânglios, resultado similar ao relatado no nutria [6]. No entanto, os resultados obtidos para o preá discordam do descrito em coelhos [22], já que esta artéria pode surgir como ramo da artéria cerebelar rostral. ...
Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels. Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with Noprene Latex " 650 " stained with water-based white or red pigment. The animals were subsequently fixed in 3.7% aqueous formaldehyde solution for 48 h, and soon after the brain skull cap was dissected and removed, which was then analyzed, photographed and sketched. Of the 20 animals evaluated, 100% presented vertebro-basilar system responsible for encephalic irrigation of the rostral and caudal regions, and anastomosis of the left internal carotid artery was found in only one case (female) (5%), irrigating the rostral region of the encephalon together with the vertebro-basilar system. In the most frequently found arrangement, the unpaired main arteries present at the base of the brain included: ventral spinal, basilar, medial branch of the rostrais cerebral arteries, medial rostral inter-hemisphere; and the pairs: vertebral, cerebellar caudal, middle cerebellar, trigeminal, rostral cerebellar, rostral tectal, caudal cerebral, pituitary, internal ophthalmic, middle cerebral, rostral cerebral, lateral olfactory bulb and internal ethmoid. Arterial circuit formation was observed as being geometrically similar to a complete, closed and elongated hexagon in the caudal-rostral direction, bypassing the mammillary body, the cinereous tuft and the optic chiasm. Discussion: The study of the nervous system, especially on identification of the arteries responsible for supplying the brain is relevant, especially when it comes to a wild species such as in galea considering that little is known about their morphology, and also because it can be used as a model in clinical and surgical studies related to the nervous system. Based on the analyzed animals, we conclude that the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in galea is type III, similar to the findings in other species of rodents such as in otters and porcupines; and differing from those described for agoutis and mice-moles. The arterial circuit of galea is complete and closed like those described for the agouti and the European beaver, yet differing from that observed for otters and chinchillas which have an open circuit.
... Estudos a cerca da vascularização encefálica e circuito arterioso, já foram descritos em espécies domésticos como equino (SOUZA et al., 2010), suíno (LIMA et al., 2005;MATOS et al., 2013), cão (ALCÂNTARA; PRADA, 1996a; ALCÂNTARA; PRADA, 1996b), gato (LIMA et al., 2006;LIMA et al., 2010;GOMES et al., 2015) e coelho CAMPOS, 2013). Em espécies silvestres citam-se dados de estudos em irara (MACEDO et al., 2014), macaco-prego (FERREIRA;PRADA, 2009), quati (BARREIRO et al., 2012 e tamanduá-mirim (LIMA et al., 2013). ...
