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We describe a building-integrated photovoltaic system, believed to be the first of its kind in Korea. The PV cells are mounted on the south facade and on the roof of the Samsung Institute of Engineering and Construction Technology (SIECT), in the Gihung area. Special care was taken in the building design to have the PV modules shade the building in...
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... The construction Fig. 6 shows the detail drawings of one sun- shade module. The dimensions are 1170 mm long by 2470 mm wide by 14 mm thick. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the detail of the roof-mounted PV modules of types A and B in Fig. 1, respectively, and Fig. 9 shows the detail of the penthouse PV modules. In order to raise their efficiency by public grid. Thus ...
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A building-integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV) has been operated over 1 year in the Samsung Institute of Engineering & Construction Technology (SIECT) in Korea. The PV cells are mounted on the south facade and on the roof of the SIECT in the Giheung area. Special care was taken in the building design to have the PV modules shade the building in t...
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Citations
... In BIPV systems used as shading devices, topics and studies could be summarised as follows. The integration of PV material with the shading element was first proposed in 1998, in Korea (Yoo, Lee, and Lee 1998). One of the topics studied in this field was BIPV shading evaluation with energy criteria (Vincenzo, Kesten, and Infield 2012;Peng et al. 2015; Ekoe A Akata, Njomo, and Agrawal 2017; Dehwah and Asif 2019; Costanzo et al. 2018;Vassiliades et al. 2018;Braun and Rüther 2010;Maghrabie et al. 2021;Yoo, Lee, and Lee 1998;Yoo and Lee 2002). ...
... The integration of PV material with the shading element was first proposed in 1998, in Korea (Yoo, Lee, and Lee 1998). One of the topics studied in this field was BIPV shading evaluation with energy criteria (Vincenzo, Kesten, and Infield 2012;Peng et al. 2015; Ekoe A Akata, Njomo, and Agrawal 2017; Dehwah and Asif 2019; Costanzo et al. 2018;Vassiliades et al. 2018;Braun and Rüther 2010;Maghrabie et al. 2021;Yoo, Lee, and Lee 1998;Yoo and Lee 2002). There were optimisation studies about the BIPV shading . ...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of CIS Building Integrated Photovoltaic as a shading device on building energy performance and PV life cycle. A multi-faceted BIPV energy evaluation approach is created. Energy performance is evaluated in two climate regions, in three scenarios for two transparency ratios of an office building. The case study indicated that when BIPV was used, in mild climates there was 24.82–41.05%, and in hot climates, 35.21–56.18% net energy consumption decreased. The PVs can produce 6.5–9.1 times the amount of energy consumed during manufacturing over the usage period. Finally, it was shown that the CIS technology contributes to sustainable architecture by reducing the integrated design difficulties in front of BIPV.
... Combined with roof integration, PV shadings have been found favorable for a few cities worldwide. The combination was optimized successfully on the SIEST building in Korea shown in Fig. 15 with both sunshade PV modules at a standard position above the windows and roof-mounted PV modules of special architectural design (Experimental PV shading for South Korea [183,184]). ...
Despite the technical maturity and substantial potential cost reduction of BIPV technologies, there are still challenges to overcome for the expansion of BIPV applications and their wider adaptation at global level. Among these, the alignment of PV integration with particular climate and environmental conditions of the local solar architecture is crucial. This will facilitate the transition to sustainable buildings and the mitigation of climate change. In this context, this study proposes for the first time, a novel BIPV climatic design framework for PV buildings positioning and adaptation to local climate towards the minimization of energy expenditure and use of resources. With the review and analysis of a large numbers of BIPV studies globally for seventy parameters grouped in eight main categories of an open-access database, the global horizontal irradiation (GHI) value is selected as an additional index to the Köppen-Geiger classification scheme. The extension accounts for the urban suitability and vulnerability and prioritize the building integration of photovoltaics. Four zones of cold (low GHI), moderate (medium GHI), warm (high GHI) and hot (very high GHI) climatic regions are considered and applied for 127 cities globally. In this framework, the sequence of PV building component integration is proposed according to local climate of each zone and the energy performance of buildings is maximized towards their positive energy contributions and sharing in local, district and city grids. Barriers and limitations of the BIPV implementation at a larger scale are discussed and the emerging research needs are revealed.
... In 1997, the first BIPV system (100 kWp) was implemented in Korea at Samsung Institute of Engineering and Construction Technology (SIECT), Seung et al. [38]. This system was made of polycrystalline and single crystalline modules with efficiencies of 12% and 14%. ...
Saudi Arabia has embarked on diversification of its existing energy
portfolio through rene wables, mainly solar photovoltaic and thermal, and
wind power. This study presents an overview of how different areas around
the world utilized building-integrated solar photovoltaic applications to
recommend appropriate and suitable options for implementation in Saudi
Arabia and the Middle East region. With this objective, the power utility
will have three-fold benefits (i) clean and economic power arability for offgrid remotely located dwellings, (ii) cutting down the emissions of
greenhouse gases, and (iii) conserving the fixed reserves of fossil fuels,
which are being used mainly for power production around the world. The
study shows that building-integrated applications are most common in
Asian and European countries. Moreover, it is observed that
monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic materials are both
technologically and economically suitable for such applications.
... In 1997, the first BIPV system (100 kWp) was implemented in Korea at Samsung Institute of Engineering and Construction Technology (SIECT), Seung et al. [38]. This system was made of polycrystalline and single crystalline modules with efficiencies of 12% and 14%. ...
Saudi Arabia has embarked on diversification of its existing energy portfolio through rene wables, mainly solar photovoltaic and thermal, and wind power. This study presents an overview of how different areas around the world utilized building-integrated solar photovoltaic applications to recommend appropriate and suitable options for implementation in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East region. With this objective, the power utility will have threefold benefits (i) clean and economic power arability for off-grid remotely located dwellings, (ii) cutting down the emissions of greenhouse gases, and (iii) conserving the fixed reserves of fossil fuels, which are being used mainly for power production around the world. The study shows that building-integrated applications are most common in Asian and European countries. Moreover, it is observed that monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic materials are both technologically and economically suitable for such applications.
... As such, the best compromise of cost and efficiency in adaptive solar panel seems to be one axis tracking solar panels, and azimuth tracking in particular (Lorenzo et al., 2002). The integration of solar power generation through PV panels with a shading system has been previously explored by Yoo et al. (1998), in an architectural case study of a Samsung building in Korea. ...
The geometric and material characteristics of heat transfer at the scale of a building tie together the disciplines of architecture, engineering, and physics. However, contemporary practices create knowledge siloes that prevent a full leverage of the many potential trajectories for thermal energy flows in the built environment. Architects have spent the past decades developing multiple tools to describe and construct increasingly complex forms of building surfaces and volumes, yet have largely overlooked the impact of such design decisions on surface radiation and volumetric airflow. At the same time, engineers have developed and employed internal climatic control systems for buildings, but those most commonly reside hidden within mechanical rooms, plenums and shafts, detached from the building’s materiality and form, as well as from the external climatic forces. However, it is not sufficient to simply expose these existing systems to sight. Bridging these fields requires an integrated view of the building itself as a coordinated machine which regulates the transfer of heat from the human body to the external environment.
In order to achieve this goal, several methods to characterize the dependencies of heat transfer on architectural elements are presented. Measurement, analysis, and simulation tools are developed to reveal the quantities and qualities of invisible energy exchanges. A special emphasis is given to radiant heat transfer, which is intrinsically connected to the geometry of architectural surfaces.
Once characterized, it is possible to productively design the paths of energy flows through buildings, thus reducing their reliance on mechanical systems and external energy supply. A series of prototypes is constructed to test the interaction of heat and architectural form in full scale. These prototypes include experimental pavilions magnifying the influence of radiant heat fluxes on human occupants, and various designs for a roof aperture that combines radiant and evaporative cooling for desert climate through kinetic envelopes and adaptive materials. Sensor measurements taken from the prototypes are used to analyze their performance within their intended environments. This work is meant to demonstrate how the design field can contribute to the pressing need for energy conservation, and reciprocally, how the inclusion of thermodynamic interactions within the design process may enrich the pallet of the architect with generative formal and material strategies.
... PV integrated shading strategies (PVIS) provide a creative solution to battle this concern by installing PV at inclined angles on the facade to better receive solar irradiation, whilst also acting as shading strategies to reduce high solar heat gains through building fenestrations. Recent research has focused on maximising the available solar potential in the urban canyon (Compagnon 2004;Esch et al. 2012;Martins et al. 2014; Van Chatzipoulka et al. 2016;Mirkovic and Alawadi 2017;Vulkan et al. 2018), methods of improving PV cells and systems, evaluating BIPV on facades and rooftops (Yoo et al. 1998;Hestnes 1999;Khedari et al. 2004;Fung and Yang 2008;Bizzarri et al. 2011;Urbanetz et al. 2011;Atmaja 2013;Hachem and Elsayed 2016;Ghazali et al. 2017;Mulcué-Nieto and Mora-López 2017;Athienitis et al. 2018), and optimising installation methods for maximum power generation (Yoo and Lee 2002;Yang and Lu 2007;Hwang et al. 2012;Mandalaki et al. 2014a,b;Stamatakis et al. 2016). In addition, shading systems and energy performances of facades have also been analysed extensively, especially in tropical climates (Ibañez-Puy et al. 2017;Al-Masrani et al. 2018;Halawa et al. 2018). ...
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are becoming a viable solution for clean on-site energy production and utilisation to combat the existing energy crisis. In tropical climates, although rooftops are ideal for photovoltaic (PV) module integration, the available area may be insufficient to meet building energy demand due to the recent high-rise nature of urban buildings, causing a requirement for the utilisation of facades. However, the high angle of solar elevation means that facades are unfavourably oriented towards receiving incident solar irradiation. In addition, the issue exists of high solar heat gains into built spaces. This paper proposes a method to utilise horizontally inclined photovoltaic modules integrated on solar shading devices in order to combat these issues of unfavourable inclination and solar heat gains in commercial office buildings in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Various strategies are introduced and evaluated in terms of their inclination angles and the distance between installations. The results are analysed in terms of economic potential in order to determine which strategies are capable of producing the most electricity and reducing building cooling loads for the lowest installation costs. The results show that horizontal inclinations of PV on facades are capable of generating nearly 8% more electricity as a percentage of the building energy consumption when compared with traditional vertical PV facade installations.
... • Efficiently converting the unwanted solar energy to electrical power in-situ (Bahr, 2014;Yoo et al., 1998). ...
... Compared to the information from Table 4, Fig. 4,and Fig. 5, some countries that have significant solar energy resources appear to lack studies on PVSD, for instance, Singapore, Australia, the U.S. and others. S. Hong et al., 2016a;Hwang et al., 2012;Jeong et al., 2017;Kang et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2014;Koo et al., 2017;Oh et al., 2017;Park et al., 2016;Yoo, 2011;Yoo et al., 1998;Yoo and Lee, 2002;Yoo and Manz, 2011 Greece 5 12. 8％ Mandalaki et al., 2014a8％ Mandalaki et al., , 2014b8％ Mandalaki et al., , 2012Saranti et al., 2015;Stamatakis et al., 2016 China ( ...
... Moreover, two other studies tested to the four cardinal directions (south, west, east, north) and the four inter-cardinal ones (southwest, southeast, northwest, and northeast), leading eight repeated calculations (Park et al., 2016;Tongtuam et al., 2011). Hence, the total count presented in Table 9 stands at 63. Koo et al., 2017;Luo et al., 2017b;Mandalaki et al., 2014aMandalaki et al., , 2014bMandalaki et al., , 2012Nagy et al., 2016;Park et al., 2016;Pushkar, 2016;Saranti et al., 2015;Stamatakis et al., 2016;Sun et al., 2012;Sun and Yang, 2010;Taveres-Cachat et al., 2017;Tongtuam et al., 2011;Yoo, 2011;Yoo et al., 1998;Yoo and Lee, 2002;Yoo and Manz, 2011;Zhang et al., 2017 West ( In terms of proportions, more than half of studies on PVSDs (57.1%) examined the south-orientated facades with mounted PVSD systems. Approximately one-tenth of them investigated the west and east orientations with 11.1% and 9.5% respectively. ...
Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) have come to be regarded as a promising technology that reduces the life-cycle costs of building construction and generates energy simultaneously. In this regard, photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSDs) constitute an important part of BIPVs and play a role in generating power by transforming the unwanted radiation and in reducing cooling energy consumption. Despite the expansion of the literature in recent years (2016–2017), a comprehensive review exploring the studies on PVSD is still lacking. To fill this research gap, a systematic review of the literature on PVSD was conducted. The current body of knowledge on PVSD is summarized, including aspects such as PVSD types, PV material, orientations, tilt angles, and research approaches. Several noteworthy conclusions are drawn based on the quantitative analysis of 43 journal papers on PVSD. The majority of the studies are South Korea-based (35.9%), followed by China, Greece, and Switzerland. In addition, the focus of the literature has been on the technical approach (76.5%), office building (73.3%), and equator-facing orientation (57.1%). Only 15 types of PVSD have hitherto been studied, with the emphasis on two types: the inclined single panel and horizontal louvres between double layers. Moreover, 21 architectural cases of PVSD in practice are presented and two obstacles to PVSD development are discussed. Suggestions for future study are made, including intensifying the focus on PVSD in countries with the significant solar source, such as Singapore and Australia; diversifying the exploration of multiple PVSD types (instead of only two types); and emphasizing multi-objective optimization studies on PVSD. The review can serve as a quick reference for future research and may find utility in providing an overview of PVSD to both industry practitioners and academicians.
... The integration of PV materials into shading systems was introduced in 1998 [116]. Integration of renewable energy generation can be applied in a very effective way in the shading devices, combining a dual benefit: shading and production of electricity. ...
Active shading systems in buildings have emerged as a high performing shading solution that selectively and optimally controls daylight and heat gains. Active shading systems are increasingly used in buildings, due to their ability to mainly improve the building environment, reduce energy consumption and in some cases generate energy. They may be categorized into three classes: smart glazing, kinetic shading and integrated renewable energy shading. This paper reviews the current status of the different types in terms of design principle and working mechanism of the systems, performance, control strategies and building applications. Challenges, limitations and future opportunities of the systems are then discussed. The review highlights that despite its high initial cost, the electrochromic (EC) glazing is the most applied smart glazing due to the extensive use of glass in buildings under all climatic conditions. In terms of external shadings, the rotating shading type is the predominantly used one in buildings due to its low initial cost. Algae façades and folding shading systems are still emerging types, with high initial and maintenance costs and requiring specialist installers. The algae façade systems and PV integrated shading systems are a promising solution due to their dual benefits of providing shading and generating electricity. Active shading systems were found to save 12 to 50% of the building cooling electricity consumption.
... A grid-connected system comprises of the modules and an inverter. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by the PV array into alternating current (AC) electricity that is synchronized with the mains electricity .The electric power produced by PV system then can be consumed by the connected load and no power is taken from the main grid unless load connected to the system is less than capacity of PV systems [11]. Roof and facades of existing buildings represents a huge potential area for PV system installation, allowing the possibility to combine energy production with other functions of the building or non-building structure. ...
... Roof and facades of existing buildings represents a huge potential area for PV system installation, allowing the possibility to combine energy production with other functions of the building or non-building structure. BiPV systems seem to offer the most cost and energy effective application of grid connected PV systems [11,[12][13][14] Description of PV power plant. ...
... Figure 2: Reduction in potential from a solar panel due to misalignment (Clarke, 2011) The integration of solar power generation through PV panels with a shading system has been previously explored by Yoo et al. (1998), in an architectural case study of a Samsung building in Korea. In this case study, PV panels were placed on the south facade and the roof of the building to both generate power and shade the interior of the building during the summer months simultaneously and thus reduce its cooling load. ...
We investigate the geometric co-optimization of shading and solar photovoltaic tracking with a single surface. The simulation combines ideal solar tracking with a unique method for continuous shading of a fixed surface area through all sun angles. For photovoltaics, a panel achieves maximum power production by maintaining a normal orientation to the sun vector. This is achieved by tracking the 2-axis solar motion. Shading is also increased with standard tracking, but the area shaded is not effectively controlled by normal tracking alone. By rotating the panel along a path in space that maps the arc the sun makes across the sky, it is possible to also provide constant shading to a fixed position at the centroid of the arc while simultaneously maintaining a normal orientation to solar rays. The simulations were made as part of the development of a solar photovoltaic powered outdoor work table with a continuously shaded work surface. The results show the ability to maintain continuous shading, and to double the potential PV generation as compared to a fixed panel. We built a prototype that achieved this operation, and in that process used a curved panel, which has led to further simulation of curved PV surfaces. This analysis demonstrates the potential leveling of the power curve. Although it decreases total energy produced per area of panel, we show curved surfaces can significantly increase the power per unit area of panel footprint.
