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Detail of exine ornamentation. A-K: SEM analysis. A. Bernardia axillaris; B. B. celastrinea; C. B. crassifolia; D. B. gambosa;
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Bernardia and Tragia are the largest genera of the tribes Bernardieae and Plukenetieae (Euphorbiaceae,), with 68 and 125 species, respectively. Very few palynological studies have focused specifically on these genera in spite of the great pollen diversity observed in the family. The present study analyzed the pollen morphology of the Brazilian spec...
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... margins (B celastrinea, B. gambosa, B. paraguariensis, B. pulchella; Figs. 1F, L, 2F, I); and (4) microreticulateperforate, with wide margins (B. hirsutissima, B. tamanduana; Figs. 2C, 3I). We divided the five species of Tragia into two groups based on exine ornamentation: (1) exine intectate, pilate (T. bahiensis, T. chlorocaulon, T. volubilis; Fig. 5L, N, P); and, (2) exine verrucate (T. cearensis, T. geraniifolia; Fig. 5M, ...
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... 1F, L, 2F, I); and (4) microreticulateperforate, with wide margins (B. hirsutissima, B. tamanduana; Figs. 2C, 3I). We divided the five species of Tragia into two groups based on exine ornamentation: (1) exine intectate, pilate (T. bahiensis, T. chlorocaulon, T. volubilis; Fig. 5L, N, P); and, (2) exine verrucate (T. cearensis, T. geraniifolia; Fig. 5M, ...
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... ornamentation in Bernardia varied from microreticulate (B. axillaris, B. celastrinea, B. crassifolia, B. gambosa, B. paraguariensis, B. pulchella, B. scabra, B. sidoides, B. similis; Fig. 5A-D, F-J) to microreticulate-perforate (B. hirsutissima, B. tamanduana; Fig. 5E, K), the microreticulum with heterobrocate lumens. The species of Tragia analyzed here displayed ornamentation from intectate and pilate (T. bahiensis, T. chlorocaulon, T. volubilis; Fig. 5L, N, P) to verrucate (T. cearensis, T. geraniifolia; Fig. 5M, O). The ...
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... ornamentation in Bernardia varied from microreticulate (B. axillaris, B. celastrinea, B. crassifolia, B. gambosa, B. paraguariensis, B. pulchella, B. scabra, B. sidoides, B. similis; Fig. 5A-D, F-J) to microreticulate-perforate (B. hirsutissima, B. tamanduana; Fig. 5E, K), the microreticulum with heterobrocate lumens. The species of Tragia analyzed here displayed ornamentation from intectate and pilate (T. bahiensis, T. chlorocaulon, T. volubilis; Fig. 5L, N, P) to verrucate (T. cearensis, T. geraniifolia; Fig. 5M, O). The proportions between the nexine and sexine varied only in some specimens of ...
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... gambosa, B. paraguariensis, B. pulchella, B. scabra, B. sidoides, B. similis; Fig. 5A-D, F-J) to microreticulate-perforate (B. hirsutissima, B. tamanduana; Fig. 5E, K), the microreticulum with heterobrocate lumens. The species of Tragia analyzed here displayed ornamentation from intectate and pilate (T. bahiensis, T. chlorocaulon, T. volubilis; Fig. 5L, N, P) to verrucate (T. cearensis, T. geraniifolia; Fig. 5M, O). The proportions between the nexine and sexine varied only in some specimens of Bernardia (B. axillaris, B. crassifolia, B. gambosa, B. pulchella, B. scabra; Tab. 2), where the nexine was slightly thicker than the sexine. The nexines and sexines of the other species of Bernardia, ...
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... B. similis; Fig. 5A-D, F-J) to microreticulate-perforate (B. hirsutissima, B. tamanduana; Fig. 5E, K), the microreticulum with heterobrocate lumens. The species of Tragia analyzed here displayed ornamentation from intectate and pilate (T. bahiensis, T. chlorocaulon, T. volubilis; Fig. 5L, N, P) to verrucate (T. cearensis, T. geraniifolia; Fig. 5M, O). The proportions between the nexine and sexine varied only in some specimens of Bernardia (B. axillaris, B. crassifolia, B. gambosa, B. pulchella, B. scabra; Tab. 2), where the nexine was slightly thicker than the sexine. The nexines and sexines of the other species of Bernardia, and all of the species of Tragia, had equivalent ...
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... grains and exine ornamentation. A study undertaken by Punt (1962), for example, which analyzed one of the same species (B. pulchella), described those grains as prolate spheroids with the exine ornamentation finely reticulate, while in the present study that species displayed prolate grains ( Fig. 2H) with microreticulate exine ornamentation (Fig. ...
Citations
... Morphological terminology follows Hickey (1973), Punt & al. (2007), Gonçalves &Lorenzi (2011), andBeentje (2016). Pollen morphology data were gathered from literature (Punt, 1962;Nowicke & al., 1999;Santos & al., 2019) and complemented with new data collected in this study for ...
After discovering an unknown Euphorbiaceae with an unusual combination of morphological characters, molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate the phylogenetic position of the plant. Results of the analyses support the recognition of a resolved lineage sister to a clade comprising Caryodendron, which is sister to the Adenophaedra + Bernardia clade in subfamily Acalyphoideae. The phylogenetic position of this taxon is also supported by morphology, justifying the description of a new genus and species, Bahiana pyriformis, from the Caatinga seasonally dry forest, in Bahia State, Brazil. We compare morphological characters and discuss the phylogenetic relationships of these four genera, here treated as the Bernardia clade, as well as the possible relationship this clade has with genus Avellanita and tribe Plukenetieae.
... Similarly, based on pollen morphology, six species of this subfamily in Caatinga Brazil have been analyzed to delimit Acalyphoideae from the taxonomically complex and homogeneous Euphorbioideae (De Souza et al., 2017). Most of the representative tribes of the Acalyphoideae have been studied (Santos et al., 2019;Yang et al., 2020) to contribute the palynological knowledge of these groups. The pollen traits are more variable in the Acalyphoideae as compared to the subfamily Euphorbioideae (De Souza et al., 2017). ...
The family Euphorbiaceae is one of the most taxonomically complex and diverse family among the angiosperm. Therefore, this study aims to document the pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae taxa collected from different geographical regions of the Hainan Island South China, to strengthen the taxonomy and support the sub-familial classification. The Euphorbiaceae includes 23 species and 10 genera of the bi-ovulate subfamily Phyllanthoideae and tri-ovulate Crotonoideae, Euphorbioideae, and Acalyphoideae were examined under light and scanning electron microscopy. The principal component analysis was performed by using six variables to show variation and relationships between the species. A significant variation was found in the pollen morphology (exine and colpus sculpturing). The croton-type pattern of the pollen was found the diagnostic trait of the Crotonoideae. The Euhphorboideae taxa were mostly homogenous however, variation was found in the muri pattern. The Acalyphoideae, have fossulate scabrate and verrucate exine sculpturing that can delimit from the rest of sub-families. The Phyllanthoideae, showed reticulate exine, tri to tetra-colporate having various colpus morphology. The maximum pollen size was found in Croton hirtus (59.49 x 60.86 μm) and minimum in Acalypha indica (10.86 x 73 μm). Similarly, the maximum colpus width was observed in Euphorbia pulcherrima (8.3 μm). Hence pollen traits have relevance in the taxonomy and phylo-genetic of the family to define species boundaries at various taxonomic levels. This study can support and strengthen the taxonomy of subfamilies and fill the palynologi-cal gap of these taxa in Hainan Island and will contribute to future systematic studies of the Euphorbiaceae.
Describing the diversity of Brazilian plant species, as well as the wide variety in the associated pollen grains, is crucial to understanding their evolution and ensuring effective conservation. The accurate identification of pollen is key to successful pollen studies and the consistent paleoecological interpretation of past vegetation changes. Pollen analysts usually identify plant taxa from reference collections built from herbaria material. In Brazil, pollen atlases primarily focus on three main vegetation domains, namely, the Amazon Forest, the Atlantic Forest, and the Cerrado, while information about Caatinga pollen taxa is dispersed across multiple studies; this significantly impedes efforts to further develop palynological research. To address this gap, we built a palynological atlas for the state of Piauí which is covered by the biomes Caatinga and Cerrado along with their transitional zones. These domains encompass various vegetation types, including dense shrubland, grassland, palm swamp formation, riverine forest, seasonal deciduous and semi-deciduous forests, as well as valley-side marshes. We collected flower buds from the Herbarium Prisco Bezerra (EAC) at the Federal University of Ceará and extracted the pollen grains for the pollen reference slides. The atlas comprises 398 species from 99 families, with the most represented families being Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Each taxa is presented with a description of the pollen grain, a photo showing polar and equatorial views, and ecological information as life form (liana/scandent/vine, herb, subshrub, shrub or tree), substrate, and vegetation type to support further studies.
