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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the removal of COD (chemical oxygen demand), turbidity and color of wastewater from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant through the electrochemical technique and to optimize the ΔV(electric potential difference) and HRT (hydraulic retention time) variables in an electrocoagulation batch reactor using alum...
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Context 1
... global desirability graphs as a function of the ΔV and the HRT show that any alteration of these factors will cause a rough drop in desirability. Thus, both factors must be kept under more rigid control. Figure 8 presents the response surface for desira- bility and it corroborates the information observed in Figure ...
Context 2
... the best COD removal, the response surface ( Figure 6) shows that the optimum range for the ΔV goes from 18 to 31 V, which corresponds to an electrical Figure 7 shows the application of the Derringer and Suich [14] methodology for the optimization of the elec- troflocculation ...
Context 3
... the best COD removal, the response surface ( Figure 6) shows that the optimum range for the ΔV goes from 18 to 31 V, which corresponds to an electrical Figure 7 shows the application of the Derringer and Suich [14] methodology for the optimization of the electroflocculation process. ...
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Poultry slaughterhouses are generally large consumers of fresh water, which is exhausted as wastewater characterized by a high concentration of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand COD, and fats, oil, and grease (FOG). Cost-effective methods are required for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater, with the aim of attai...
Citations
... Wastewater treatment in a WWTP follows several well-defined processes to remove pollutants (Benneni and Bouarissa, 2020). First, a pre-treatment stage comprising screening, grit removal and oil removal is required to eliminate large components (Orssatto et al., 2017), followed by an initial treatment consisting of extracting suspended solids and easily settleable organic matter using physicochemical processes (Arashiro et al., 2019;Shewa and Dagnew, 2020). Secondary treatments (biological treatments) are then carried out to degrade and break down biodegradable organic matter through the action of a wide range of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria (Neveux-Guilluy, 1993). ...
... Likewise, Orssatto et al. [63] used the experimental design Rotatable Central Composite Design for the optimization of an electrocoagulation process used as a pretreatment step for wastewater from a slaughterhouse and packing plant. The reactor which is composed of aluminum electrodes achieved high removal efficiencies of turbidity and COD with 99% and 81%, respectively. ...
Slaughterhouses produce a large amount of wastewater, therefore, with respect to the increasing water scarcity, slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) recycling seems to be a desirable goal. The emerging challenges and opportunities for recycling and reuse have been examined here. The selection of a suitable process for SWW recycling is dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater, the available technology, and the legal requirements. SWW recycling is not operated at a large scale up to date, due to local legal sanitary requirements as well as challenges in technical implementation. Since SWW recycling with single-stage technologies is unlikely, combined processes are examined and evaluated within the scope of this publication. The process combination of dissolved air flotation (DAF) followed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) and, finally, reverse osmosis (RO) as a polishing step seems to be particularly promising. In this way, wastewater treatment for process water reuse could be achieved in theory, as well as in comparable laboratory experiments. Furthermore, it was calculated via the methane production potential that the entire energy demand of wastewater treatment could be covered if the organic fraction of the wastewater was used for biogas production.
... A bench batch system was set up to carry out the electrocoagulation process as described by Orssatto et al. [10]. For each test, 0.8 L of effluent was added in a glass beaker and kept in constant agitation with the aid of a magnetic stirrer. ...
... According to Orssatto et al. [10], the aluminum that is released in solution due to the dissolution of the electrodes undergoes several chemical reactions as described by Eqs. (2) and (3). ...
... The cost of electrolysis was calculated following the methodology proposed by Orssatto et al. [10]. For this reason, the consumption of the electrodes was considered since due to the oxidoreduction process the dissolution of the metal occurs, and the energy consumption associated with the application of the electric current. ...
The growth of the meat industry increases the generation of liquid effluents, which have a high polluting potential due to their chemical composition and it must be treated properly to minimize environmental impacts. One of the most used techniques is electrocoagulation, which uses the principle of electrochemistry where metallic electrodes are immersed in the effluent and connected to a source of electrical energy. To evaluate this technique, effluent from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant wastewater was treated by electrocoagulation using a bench reactor. Aluminum electrodes were submerged in the effluent using a glass beaker and connected to a direct current source. The tests followed a central composite rotatable design with three independent variables: electric current density, electrolysis time, and distance between the electrodes. The measured color, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand removal were 97.96%, 98.96%, and 67.44%, respectively. The residual aluminum ranged between 14 and 26 mg L-1. The statistical analysis demonstrated that in the operational condition of 20 min, 5.45 cm between the electrodes and electrical current density of 0.019 A cm-2 it was possible to maximize the color removal, reaching 97.12% and at the same time minimize the cost of electrolysis, which is US $1.70 m-3 .
... Most of the published studies/research related to water consumption, wastewater generation and wastewater characteristics in the meat industry (slaughterhouses and meat processing plant) were focused on: (1) minimization of water consumption and minimization of wastewater generation, and (2) applying modern (combined) treatments for wastewater treatment [7][8][9][10][11]. ...
The aim of this paper is to present the current state of slaughterhouses in Serbia regarding water consumption, wastewater flows and their characteristics, their current relationship with the environment and compare them with related plants in terms of wastewater qualities and concentrations of pollutants in them. The survey was conducted on a sample of 41 slaughterhouses. It has been concluded that a large number of slaughterhouses (24 of them) do not perform any wastewater treatment before their discharge into appropriate recipient and it is also concluded that the slaughterhouses that perform wastewater treatment generally do not reach the emission limit values of pollutants, which is confirmed by the results of physical and chemical testing. Slaughterhouses wastewater quality
parameters were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The average value of pH (7.24 ± 0.69) of discharged wastewater is within the allowed range, but the samples have higher chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand content (17 and 12 slaughterhouses exceeded the allowed limit values, respectively). Total suspended solids (TSS) and fat, oil and greases
(FOG) are mainly within allowed ranges, but there are some slaughterhouses that have higher values for TSS (six) and FOG (five) slaughterhouses exceeded the allowed limit values. TSS is extremely
significant parameter because suspended solids can lead to the development of sludge deposits and anaerobic conditions when untreated wastewater is discharged in the aquatic environment.
... While H 2 O 2 was added to improve the removal efficiency, under optimal condition, more than 90% removals of COD, TSS, color and oil and grease were reached. Orssatto et al. (2017) optimized performance of a batch electrochemical cell with Al electrodes in treatment of slaughterhouse and meat-packing unit. Optimum condition was presented as current density of 21.6 mA/cm 2 and retention time of 25 min. ...
... With iron electrodes and under 6.0 mA/cm 2 current density, 97.2% lead and 95.5% zinc removals were achieved. Ceramic manufacturing units generate Den and Huang (2006) Simulated semiconductor wastewater 2.5 L batch Aluminium anode and stainless-steel cathode 0-120 min 320-800 mA 90% fluoride, 85% turbidity Saur et al. (1996) Synthetic oil-field effluent Up to 180 min 1-6 mA/cm 2 60.1% COD, 77.3% phenol removal Bayar et al. 2014 Olive oil factory effluent 7.5 L continuous Al anode and RuO 2 /Ti cathode 5-30 min 5-40 mA/cm 2 > 90% COD, TSS, color and oil and grease removal Esfandyari et al. (2015) Slaughterhouse and meat packing unit effluents 1 L batch Al electrodes 25 min optimal 21.6 mA/cm 2 optimal 81% COD, 99% turbidity, 99% color removal Orssatto et al. (2017) Olive pomace oil refinery wastewater 300 mL batch, Mohtashami et al. (2018) effluents containing clay particles and glazes of heavy metals. Kolesnikov et al. (2015b) studied enhancement of electroflotation system with ruthenium-titanium oxide anode and stainless-steel cathode plates for treatment of ceramic manufacturing wastewater. ...
With the global water demand and environmental concerns, industries need more effective and efficient wastewater treatment methods. Electroflotation is a wastewater treatment process defined as the separation of suspended particles from water using gas bubbles generated during electrolysis of water. The present study intends to provide a comprehensive review of applications of electroflotation process in treatment of industrial wastewaters. It comprises the fundamentals of electroflotation, electrodes materials and arrangements, reactor design, influencing process variables and process kinetics. Subsequently, detailed results of numerous experimental studies in treatment of various industrial effluents are presented and discussed. The modern long-life electrodes along with the recent full-scale installations of electroflotation units, revealed the process advances and potentials, and promising future of electroflotation for treatment of industrial effluents. The objective of this study is to provide scientific and practical guidelines for researchers and engineers working in this field.
... Insufficiencies and deficiencies in slaughterhouses may lower the level of public health. If wastewater resulting from slaughtering associated with high pollution is not treated, it causes serious pollution in the environment [7]. In various stages of slaughtering, large amounts of wastewater containing blood, rumen contents, and materials from washing (equipment and hall) is produced and causes serious pollution of surface water, groundwater, and agricultural lands via discharge into the environment [8]. ...
... One of the methods in high-pollutant wastewater disinfiction is the electrocoagulation process (EC( [7,24]. EC is an electrochemical process using direct current (DC) to remove contaminants from the solution. ...
Insufficiencies and deficiencies in slaughterhouses could adversely affect public health. Wastewater from slaughtering, along with high microbial pollution, results in serious pollution to the surrounding environment if not treated. This study sought to investigate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process using copper electrodes in the disinfection of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater without any initial controlling. The physical and chemical properties of samples of wastewater taken from a poultry slaughterhouse were first analyzed. Then the samples were subjected to the electrocoagulation process using copper electrodes in potential differences of 10, 20, and 30 V over a period of 60 min. Then the removal efficiency of total coliforms was examined in accordance with standard methods found in textbooks. The results obtained from this study indicated that the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process increased by an increase in process time as well as in electric potential difference. The maximum removal efficiency of total coliforms was 100% in potential difference, equal to 30 V in the reaction time of 10 min. Moreover, the results of this study revealed that the electrocoagulation process using a copper electrode was fully able to remove total coliform from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater.
... Orssatto et al. [18], treating wastewater from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant through EC, obtained removal of 99% for turbidity, 98.83% for color, and 81% for COD, using 25 min of electrolysis time and 1.08 A of electrical current. ...
... Orssatto et al. [18], treating wastewater from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant through EC, found aluminum residue varied from 15.254 to 54.291 mg L −1 . However, the study by Orssatto et al. [18] used a range of 10-30 V of electric potential difference and 10-30 min of HRT. ...
... Orssatto et al. [18], treating wastewater from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant through EC, found aluminum residue varied from 15.254 to 54.291 mg L −1 . However, the study by Orssatto et al. [18] used a range of 10-30 V of electric potential difference and 10-30 min of HRT. ...
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, color, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of effluents from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant by the electrocoagulation/organic coagulation combination, and optimize the electrical current, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and concentration of tannin-based coagulant in a batch reactor. The electrocoagulation treatment system consists of a batch reactor with aluminum sacrificial electrodes, organic coagulant, and the effluent to be treated. The electrodes were connected to a direct current source. The adopted experimental design was a rotatable central composite design. For the color, the removal efficiency values ranged from 93.45% to 97.82%; turbidity ranged from 85.53% to 98.37%; COD ranged from 57.89% to 64.73%; and TKN ranged from 11.48% to 65.57%. Mathematical models were obtained for color and turbidity removal. In the calculation of the desirability function, the optimized treatment conditions were 10 min for the HRT and 0.68 A for electrical current, corresponding to a current density of 13.6 mA cm–2 and a concentration of 0.775 mL L–1 for the tannin-based coagulant. The residual aluminum ranged from 0 to 2.11 mg L–1 and the cost of treatment was 1.08 US$ m–3.
... Due to the importance of meat production and save water, there are many advances in terms of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment in the world, such as biological treatment, adsorption, electrocoagulation, biological DAF-UASB, and combined AOP processes [6][7][8][9][10][11]. López-López et al. [12] used a combined anaerobic and aerobic system which was able to remove more than 95% of organic matter as BOD and COD. ...
... Due to the importance of meat production and save water, there are many advances in terms of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment in the world, such as biological treatment, adsorption, electrocoagulation, biological DAF-UASB, and combined AOP processes [6][7][8][9][10][11]. López-López et al. [12] used a combined anaerobic and aerobic system which was able to remove more than 95% of organic matter as BOD and COD. Orssatto et al. [9] reported the COD removal of 81.01% by the application of the electrocoagulation technique for the treatment of effluents from the pig slaughterhouse and packing plant. ...
Slaughterhouse industry produces large volumes of polluted wastewater which
cause negative impacts to the environment. The objective of this study was to
assess the effect of electron beam irradiation on the ecotoxicity of
slaughterhouse effluents with absorbed doses up to 35 kGy. Two acute toxicity
assays were applied to evaluate the efficiency of irradiation onto toxicity of
wastewater. The exposed living organisms were a luminescent bacteria
Vibrio fischeri, and a freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia similis. Also, the total
organic carbon was analysed in order to determine any possible organic carbon
removal after irradiation. The ecotoxicological results evidenced that both living-
organisms were suitable for the measurements. Therefore, the results
demonstrated the toxicity of the effluent and its similarity for both organisms as
well as the potential of radiation to reduce these effects. The 35 kGy dose was
very effective for reducing toxic effects of slaughterhouse wastewater for
daphnids suggesting that ionizing radiation could be used as a tool for removing
toxic charge of such effluent. The type of contamination presented by the effluent
justify the needs for alternatives of treatment.
In this research, electrocoagulation-intensified peroxidation using an aluminum electrode was studied as a post-treatment method for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) with 4 operational variables (pH, current density, contact time, and H2O2 dosage). Optimization was carried out using response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the experimental data, and a second-order model was created to test the effects of process parameters on treatment performance. The optimum conditions were chosen as follows: pH 5.83, 0.18 g/L H2O2 dosage, 58.60 min contact time, and current density of 4.21 mA/cm2. The compatibility of the predicted optimum conditions has been verified by experimental data. As a result of the experiments performed under optimum conditions, COD, TSS, and color removals were found to be 97.89%, 99.31%, and 98.56%, respectively. The difference between experimental and predicted values was found to be less than 0.86%. The final treated effluent met the discharge standards determined by the World Bank, EU, US, and Malaysian Department of Environment. Under optimum conditions, the cost of treating 1 cubic meter of SWW was calculated as 3.02 MYR ($ 0.68).
