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Design of the omnidirectional antenna. (a) Top view. (b) Back view. (c) Side view. (d) Equivalent circuit
Source publication
Abstract Achieving a high‐gain omnidirectional patch antenna with low profile is a challenging task. On the basis of improving antennas by metamaterials, a broadband near‐zero‐index metamaterial (NZIM) is designed to enhance the horizontal gain of the omnidirectional patch antenna. The zero‐index metamaterial is loaded on the substrate of three ant...
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Citations
... Also, by providing a high-refractive-index effect, the metamaterial is intended to replace dielectric lenses for gain enhancement [10]. So, the NZIM units use the same thickness of dielectric material to be introduced within the front of a Vivaldi antenna [11,12]. The NZIM metamaterial is used in essential applications such as producing unwanted impedance mismatch in the desired system and increasing the realized gain [13]. ...
In this paper, a sub-6 beam-steerable antenna array system is introduced. The main radiating element in the proposed array is a gain-enhanced Vivaldi antenna, whose overall realized gain is improved by introducing near-zero-index metamaterial (NZIM) with broadband characteristics at 3.6 GHz. The proposed system is intended to be integrated with fifth-generation automotive applications. The 4 × 4 butler matrix is resonating at 3.6 GHz to feed the designed antenna array elements and steer the radiating beam. When altering the phase of the input signal, the primary beam direction is steered at an angle from 45° to 135°. So, by choosing the butler matrix input port, the phase of each radiating element is changed, which leads to precise beam direction control. All the system components, including antenna elements and the [4 × 4] butler matrix, are designed, simulated, and optimized. In order to verify the proposed design, the system is fabricated using the photolithographic technique. The experimental results show very good agreement with the simulated ones. The NZIM-loaded antenna element achieves a − 10 dB bandwidth of 2.9 GHz, while the overall array system achieves a 600 MHz bandwidth. The steered beam of the proposed system has an overall realized gain of 11.2 dB.
... Also, by providing a high-refractive-index effect, the metamaterial is intended to replace dielectric lenses for gain enhancement [10]. So, the NZIM units use the same thickness of dielectric material to be introduced within the front of a Vivaldi antenna [11,12]. The NZIM metamaterial is used in essential applications such as producing unwanted impedance mismatch in the desired system and increasing the realized gain [13]. ...
in this paper, a sub-6 beam-steerable antenna array system is introduced. The main radiating element in the proposed array is a gain-enhanced Vivaldi antenna, whose overall realized gain is improved by introducing near-zero-index metamaterial [NZIM] with broadband characteristics at 3.6 GHz. The proposed system is intended to be integrated with fifth-generation (5G) automotive applications. The 4x4 butler matrix is resonating at 3.6 GHz to feed the designed antenna array elements and steer the radiating beam, which is suitable for automotive applications. All the system components, including antenna elements and the [4x4] butler matrix, are designed, simulated, and optimized by using CSTMWS 2020 and HFSS. In order to verify the proposed design, the system is fabricated using the photolithographic technique. The experimental results show very good agreement with the simulated ones. The NZIM-loaded antenna element achieves a -10 dB bandwidth of 2.9 GHz, while the overall array system achieves a 600 MHz bandwidth. The steered beam of the proposed system has an overall realized gain of 11.2 dB and covers an angle from 45 o to 135 o .
