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This paper introduces the design of compact microstrip patch antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications at ISM 2.4 GHz. The design consists of a radiating patch on one side of the substrate and a ground plane is located on the other side of the substrate. The antenna is fed through an inset transmission line and then loaded by two t...
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Context 1
... by varying the width and length of the patch antenna, the antenna can be adjusted and optimized for the WBAN. Thus, Figure 1 and Table 2 described the final geometry of the proposed Microstrip Patch antenna. Table 2. Geometrical Parameters of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...
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... this paper, the patch antenna is designed for application of WBAN, which is shown in figure 1. The design antenna is then placed on human sample to check the effect of SAR, which is shown in Figure.6. ...
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... design and optimization are done using CST simulation tool. The patch antenna is positioned on top of the sample with a 0.17mm textile, to take it wearable, which is shown in Fig. 1(c). The design was finally simulated and measured. In figures 2 and 4, simulated and measured S parameters are given for the off and on body, such as all reflection coefficients are lower than the -10 dB. The patch antenna given an acceptable bandwidth (105 to 110 MHz), which is suitable for ISM band applications in both conditions along ...
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This paper presents a low-profile dual-band microstrip patch antenna operated at the 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM bands, targeting wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a jean substrate measuring 74 × 82 mm2. The four corners of the conventional rectangular patch are cut to activate an additional operating freque...
Citations
... The proposed LWTA incorporates a transmission line-fed rectangular area, with one end of the antenna serving as an excitation point and the other end terminated with a 50-ohm load (refer to figure 1, step 1). Initially, fundamental equations, as provided by [28], are employed to determine the dimensions of the rectangular patch and transmission line, enabling the antenna's design at 3.4 GHz (where λ 0 /2 < 44 mm). However, these equations, being well-established principles, are not reiterated here. ...
The connectivity and mobility of a miniaturized multi-band four-port textile leaky wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed on a layer of denim (εr = 1.6, tanδ = 0.006) is enhanced by integrating it with two detachable spiral buttons designed on circular PTFE substrate (εr = 2.1, tanδ = 0.001). The connectivity and mobility enhancement of the proposed antenna is evaluated in terms of radiation and diversity parameters. Nested hexagonal split rings behind the buttons, U-shaped slots on textiles, a comb-shaped neutralization network, and an aperture-coupled feed technique are utilized. The unique structure of the buttons on a rigid substrate and the leaky wave antenna on the textile and their integration, the periodic nested elliptical and circular split ring resonators (CSRRs) slots on the aperture coupled to ground, are to expand the connectivity and mobility of the proposed MIMO antenna by offering multiple bands, higher isolation, broadside radiation, and low specific absorption rate (SAR). The leaky wave and button antennas have dimensions of 40 × 30 × 1 mm³ and a diameter of only 13 mm, respectively. The operational bands are 0.86–2.75 GHz, 2.9–4.85 GHz, 5.75–6.15 GHz, and 8–9.85 GHz, covering the L, C, S, and X bands. Additionally, diversity performance is evaluated by defining the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), and mean effective gain (MEG). The simulation and measurement findings are in good agreement. Following that, it offers a maximum gain of 8.25 dBi, low SAR (<0.05), an ECC below 0.05, DG above 9.85 dB, CCL< 0.25 bits/s/Hz, MEG <−3 dB, Circular polarization (CP), and strong isolation (>22 dB) between every two ports. These features make the proposed antenna an ideal option for MIMO communications and suitable for wireless local area network (WLAN) and fifth-generation (5G) communications.
... The outcomes of the suggested method are in good agreement with electromagnetic (EM) modeling programmes. A tiny microstrip antenna patch with WBAN 2.4 GHz uses is presented by Ali et al. [33]. A ground plane and a radiating patch are included in the design. ...
Reviewing microstrip antennas for diverse applications is the goal of this paper. The designing of microstrip patch antennae is a new study subject established for utilise in 5th generation communications applications. An antenna is a group of interconnected devices that work together to transmit and receive radio waves as a single antenna. Antennas come in many sizes and shapes. An antenna design that is low profile, lightweight, and results-oriented is the microstrip patch. In the future, microstrip patch antenna may be used for various 6G communication systems applications. Furthermore, 6G communication applications can be developed for additional devices, such as autonomous cars, machine learning, artificial neural network algorithms, radar, internet of things (IoT), biomedical, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. In the past, 4G wireless applications employed the multiple input, numerous output (MIMO) pattern as a standard geometry. This study covers several types of antennas, their geometric structures, different methods for analyzing their features, and their dimensions. The component of the substrate substances, loss tangent, the thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage-standing-wave ratio (VSWR), gain, and orientation from the earlier publications will also be covered. Keywords – microstrip, patch, antenna, IoT, biomedical, V2V, MIMO, VSWR
... MHz [32], which is evident that there is a difference between the achieved outcomes utilizing HFSS in the proposed work and those of the copies that were produced, and various external circumstances cause [33]. ...
... Rapid progress is being made in the research and development of technologies that facilitate high-speed wireless. network systems that provide exibility and scalability to requirements Heterogeneous consumer [1,2]. The wireless channel, which is impacted by time-varying noise and interference, is the fundamental issue for the reliable operation of a wireless link. ...
Having the correct antennas is one of the most important aspects of maintaining a successful wireless network. Antennas exist in a variety of shapes and sizes, each with its own purpose. A circular patch antenna with a 2.4 GHz resonance frequency was proposed and realized in this research. This project is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the required antenna was designed and simulated through the use of mathematical formulae and specific algorithms to achieve optimal accuracy of the specified resonance frequency. The MATLAB computer language was also used to create and design a graphical interface that calculates the basic measurements necessary by the GUIDE to design the circular antenna utilized. In addition, The computer simulation technology (CST) program is used in the simulation process is used to build the needed model and test it digitally before implementation. After the simulation, computerized numerical control (CNC) is used to manufacture the printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna used is made on flame resistant (FR-4) material to perform this work. The experimental results showed the most important parameters related to the desired antenna such as At 2.360 GHz, the return loss (RL), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and input impedance (Zin) are − 25.72 dB, 48 MHz, 1.1092, and 53, respectively (from 2.338 to2.386 GHz). These results are close to the simulation values mentioned in this research. As a result, the antenna used has good Wi-Fi performance and is desirable, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular phone frequency bands (2.4 GHz) are examples of wireless communication applications phones. The purpose of this work is to improve some of the important parameters related to the quality of the proposed antenna, such as the total efficiency, gain, voltage, and input impedance, as mentioned above. These findings were confirmed by comparing them to the findings of others.
... During the research activities, the authors studied patch antenna functionality considering different geometrical dimensions [6][7][8][9][10], different patch shapes [7][8][9], different types of feeding [10] and different dielectrics [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Also, in recent studies, the authors widened their area of expertise and determined the influence of antennas on the human head [7,9]. ...
... For the coaxial feeding, an inner conductor extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the patch, while an outer conductor is connected to the ground plane. Most of the studies regarding the patch antennas near tissues consider a microstrip feeding [11][12][13], while in our case the coaxial feeding was chosen, following the results obtained for the patch antennas with different feeding types [10], fact which ensures the novelty of this study. As a dielectric for the antennas, Rogers RO3003 (with the relative permittivity = 3 and dielectric loss tangent 0.0013) was used and its dimensions are: length 100 mm, width 90 mm. ...
In a lot of studies from literature was analyzed the influence of antennas on human body. In this article the study reflects the opposite, the influence of human tissue on antennas' parameters. In this study different types of human tissues are modelled in the vicinity of the patch antenna to analyze their influence on antennas' parameters. To model the patch antenna, the authors developed and implemented an algorithm dedicated to the determination of the antenna's geometrical dimensions in terms of dielectrics' material properties and their standard dimensions, all gathered by the authors in a very useful database. Using our algorithm, we can quickly find the antennas geometrical parameters needed for its numerical modelling and practically construction. The antenna geometry is obtained with our algorithm and next is modelled in the presence of three types of tissue: skin, muscle, and fat. The directivity, S-parameters and specific absorption rate in the tissues are determined, considering different distances between them. Analyzing our results, we can conclude that the normal functioning of the antenna is influenced by the presence of human tissues in their immediate vicinity.
... Essas antenas vêm sendo aprimoradas e diversificadas ao decorrer dos anos, onde na atualidade é encontrado diversas aplicações sobre o uso desse dispositivo em inúmeras áreas, destacando principalmente nos sistemas Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). A antena de microfita para sistemas WBAN é utilizada próxima ao corpo humano e deve ser projetada de forma que não precise de fios para a transmissão de dados e seja compacta para evitar o desconforto da antena em contato com a pele [2]. ...
... Radial basis function (RBF) network is more accurate and faster for the proposed design. Ali et al. [33], introduces a compact microstrip patch antenna for WBAN 2.4 GHz applications. The design includes a radiating patch and a ground plane. ...
This paper aims to review microstrip antennas for various applications. The design of microstrip patch antennas is a new research field developed for use in 5th generation communication applications. An antenna is a collection of multiple devices connected together that function as a single antenna to send or receive radio waves. Antennas can be of different shapes and sizes. The microstrip patch is an antenna pattern that is light in weight, low profile, and focuses on producing results. In the future, microstrip patch antennas may be used for some 6G communication systems applications. In addition, 6G communication applications can be created on other devices, including biomedical, autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, internet of things (IoT), machine learning, Artificial Neural Network Algorithms, radar, and wireless communication. In the past, the multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) pattern was a standard geometry used in 4G wireless applications. This paper discusses the geometric structures of antennas, various analysis methods for antenna characteristics, antenna dimensions, and many different types of antennas. Also, it will discuss the previous papers' substrate materials, loss tangent, thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage-standing-wave-ratio (VSWR), gain, and directivity.
... Planar antennas with a ground plane provide better tuning stability than antennas without a ground plane, such as loop and dipole antennas [77,78]. Besides, narrow operational bandwidth with a high superstrate biocompatibility system reduces the coupling with lossy tissue around the antenna, which leads to tuning stability and high radiation efficiency [77]. ...
Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient.The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several
conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, bio-compatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human
body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the
major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes
a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed.
Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are
summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology
will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.
... In 2019, Shah et al [23] satisfied the design of microstrip patch antenna has a reconfigurable with two-band presented a tunable apparatus. In 2019, Ali et al [24] introduced a compact microstrip antenna for applications of WBAN at ISM (2.4 GHz). Other researchers also designed microstrip antennae by using CST [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. ...
This research presents an extremely small, cheap and simple structure of multiple bands antenna, where is the proposed design comprise square-slotted a microstrip patch antenna with triple bands of RF and mm-wave for 5G. The conducting material is a perfect electrical conductor on both sides. The antenna is printed on FR-4 lossy with a 3.9 of epsilon. Our tiny antenna has a size of 1.5357 x 1.5357 mm<sup>2</sup>. First, the design parameters were calculated using formulas and then these were simulated by the CST MWS. The simulation results show the antenna performance at the RF band from 0 to 3.4096 GHz with 3.29 gain, a value of return loss S<sub>11</sub> and bandwidth of -13.229644 and 3.4096 GHz. The designed antenna works at the mm-wave band ranges 43.5-64 GHz with 3.49 gain, -42.419084 S<sub>11</sub> and 20.252 GHz BW. Our antenna can also operate at the mm-wave from 81-95 GHz with -22.269547 S<sub>11</sub>, 4.52 gain, and 14.085 GHz BW. The small size and supported bandwidth of the designed antenna is suitable for thin and fast transmission devices.
... Nevertheless, there are many technical solutions applied in the antenna construction to overcome those defects. One of them is metamaterials [3]. These last are a composite media made up of an arrangement of metal structures on the surface of dielectric substrates. ...
In this paper, a metamaterial structure based on Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) cell is proposed to achieve an isotropic band-pass filtering response. This filter consists of a planar layer formed by a 3×3 metamaterials cell array with transmittive filtering behavior at 3.5 GHz. This design with 45 mm × 45 mm dimension is then integrated in close proximity at distance of 10 mm with an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna to enhance it’ s performances around a 3.5 GHz operating frequency. Simulation results ensure that filter geometry provides the advantage of polarization independency and also exhibits the angular stability up to 45◦ for both Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse magnetic (TM) modes. More importantly, enhancement in antenna radiation pattern characteristics is illustrated when the planar FSS layer is integrated at a small distance from the radiator. Moreover, antenna gain was improved to 3.22 dBi, adaptation of antenna port (S11) was increased to -53.26 dB and antenna bandwidth reduction to 1.7 GHz is also detected. All these performances make the proposed design as a good choice used to shield signals in UWB wireless applications especially for connected object in 5G.
