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Sewage sludge is one of the most polluting wastes that affect the environment, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants released into the surroundings. Using non-renewable energy for the engine also releases large amounts of pollutants results from combustion products was other issues to the environment. The decline of non-renewable energy s...
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Microalgae are becoming sustainable alternative feedstocks to food crops for biodiesel production which can also solve the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. However, several challenges about microalgae’s cultivation, harvesting, pre-treatment and extraction processes as well as the technology of biodiesel production affect its susta...
This paper explore the mechanism of lipid extraction efficiency on Moringa oleifera seeds using Soxhlet extraction method. This present study essential to determine the effect of particle size of the sample, extraction time and type of solvent applied towards the efficiency in extracting the lipids from the material. Soxhlet extraction method utili...
Microbial-based biodiesel is produced by transesterification of lipids extracted from microbial cells, and is considered as a potential replacement of fossil fuel due to its advantages in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most studied oleaginous yeasts able to produce lipids under some fermentation conditions and...
Agro-industrial wastes are at no cost and contain phenolic content; utilizing them in biodiesel production is a beneficial idea. Biodiesel is a choice of fossil fuels. It can be used in diesel engines alone or blended with diesel. In this study, we have chosen groundnut shells as Agro-industrial waste. Groundnut shells were chopped, dried, and grou...
The high consumption of fossil fuels has significant environmental implications. An alternative to reduce the use of fossil fuels and develop ecological and economic processes is the bio-refinery approach. In the present study, the authors present the production of biodiesel from castor plants through a biorefinery approach. The process includes su...
Citations
... Abdissa [18] implemented the RSM technique to optimize the oil yield from the algae sludge using various solvents like methanol, ethanol, and hexane. The optimization result showed that the solvent hexane showed 61% of oil yield compared to other solvents. ...
The present work was done to optimize the process parameters of the oil extraction from the algae species spirogyra by using n-hexane as the solvent using the Soxhlet apparatus. The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to optimize the particle size of the algae powder, dryness level of the algae powder, solid to solvent ratio, reaction time, and extraction temperature of the oil extraction process. Also, the physiochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated. The comparative evaluation was done between the RSM and ANN models to select the more precise and accurate model. The coefficient of determination, R 2 of 98.92%, and the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) of 0.492% for ANN revealed that the current model created with a network topology of 3 : 11 : 1 with tansig (hyperbolic tangent sigmoid) transfer function in the input layer and purelin (pure linear) transfer function in the output layer trained with trainlm (Levenberg–Marquardt) algorithm found to provide the optimal solution with better accuracy in prediction of the output. The physicochemical properties investigated, such as heating value, flashpoint, density, viscosity, iodine number, acid value, saponification value, and cetane index, showed that the extracted oil from the algae spirogyra species can be used as an alternative fuel.
... The optimum growth conditions for the organism vary upon the type of substrate used. For example, based on the study of Abdissa (2021), the optimum temperature and extraction for maximum yield (61%) from blended sludge and algae were 80 °C and 6 h respectively. On the other hand, Foroutan et al. (2018) reported the optimum temperature and extraction for their maximum yield (80%) to be 60 °C and 90 min, respectively. ...
Over the last few decades, the globe is facing tremendous effects due to the unnecessary piling of municipal solid waste among which food waste holds a greater portion. This practice not only affects the environment in terms of generating greenhouse gas emissions but when left dumped in landfills will also trigger poverty and malnutrition. This review focuses on the global trend in food waste management strategies involved in the effective utilization of food waste to produce various value-added products in a microbiology aspect, thereby diminishing the negative impacts caused by the unnecessary side effects of non-renewable energy sources. The review also detailed the efficiency of microorganisms in the production of various bio-energies as well. Further, recent attempts to the exploitation of genetically modified microorganisms in producing value-added products were enlisted. This also attempted to address food waste valorization techniques, the combined applications of various processes for an enhanced yield of different compounds, and addressed various challenges. Further, the current challenges involved in various processes and the effective measures to tackle them in the future have been addressed. Thus, the present review has successfully addressed the circular bio-economy in food waste valorization.
Biodiesel emits lesser harmful pollutant emissions than renewable and biodegradable ones compared diesel. Research confirms that edible products and crops are the major sources of biofuel production. Excessive usage of these crops leads to higher production costs, economic imbalance, and depletion of food supply. Biofuel production from inedible sources shall lower the drawbacks of edible products and crops. Inedible feedstocks are the sustainable source of biofuel production as they are mostly grown on waste/abandoned land, produce similar or higher yields than edible feedstocks, and are fairly cost-effective. Hence this present work reviews the challenges and possibilities of employing inedible oil and products as a potential feedstock for biofuel production. Salient features of inedible oil such as production technologies, cost and benefits, fatty acid and physicochemical properties and oil extraction technology are reviewed from the latest literature. The outcome of this study suggests that there is a huge prospect of utilizing inedible oil as a reliable feedstock for biofuel generation. Among various production processes, scCO2 extraction technology proved to reduce inedible oil's moisture by 70% and FFA content by 62%, with a higher conversion rate of about 97%, as methanol in supercritical conditions has lesser interaction with the FFA of inedible oil. Inedible feedstocks are effective, non-toxic and safe in biofuel production. However, there exists a challenge in restricting its development in large-scale commercialization.
The Bio-fuels are gaining worldwide attention as an alternative fuel choice exchange the usage of the mineral diesel derived from typical fossil sources. However, the massive price attributed by the feed stock created it less competitive with the industrial diesel. A large spread analysis goes on worldwide for the production of biofuels from renewable biomass commutation the presently used ancient sources. It's expected that biodiesel industries can quickly grow worldwide within the returning years and data on biodiesel feedstock, production, and characteristics are going to be crucial than particularly for those using vegetable oils as feedstock as those are presently the key sources for creating biofuel. Gene-technology may also be accustomed enhance the assembly of oil and biodiesel contents and stability of algae. By increasing the genetic expressions, we are able to notice the ways that to attain the specified biofuel amounts simply and unendingly to beat the fuels deficiency to boost municipal sludge from effluent treatment plants may be a promising lipid feedstock for bio-diesel production because it contains a major quantity of lipids. The concern of decreasing the obtainable sources thirst towards bio-fuel production has multiplied throughout last decades. Bio-fuels are gaining worldwide attention as another fuel choice replacement the usage of the mineral diesel derived from standard fossil sources. During this review paper, a comprehensive discussion on numerous the varied the assorted aspects of bio-fuel production from various raw materials alongside the key parameters touching the method and its economic science are conferred. This review additionally emphasizes that future studies ought to concentrate on the usage of recent method intensification techniques for a lot of economical production of bio-fuel from renewable biomass.
