Figure - uploaded by Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
Content may be subject to copyright.
Description of popcorn genotypes of the Active Germplasm Bank of the State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro (UENF).
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the development of this study, 38 popcorn genotypes (Table 1) from different origins, maintained at the Active Popcorn Germplasm Bank of UENF, were analyzed. IAC -Agronomic Institute of Campinas; UEM -State University of Maringá; CYMMYT -International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center; OPP -Open-pollinated population; SAR-South-American races -PE -Popping expansion (mg.mL -1 ); ...Context 2
... the development of this study, 38 popcorn genotypes (Table 1) from different origins, maintained at the Active Popcorn Germplasm Bank of UENF, were analyzed. IAC -Agronomic Institute of Campinas; UEM -State University of Maringá; CYMMYT -International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center; OPP -Open-pollinated population; SAR-South-American races -PE -Popping expansion (mg.mL -1 ); ...Similar publications
![SWAT model performance evaluation criteria [17].](profile/Mesfin-Ayele-4/publication/342891756/figure/tbl1/AS:912820854087684@1594644859938/SWAT-model-performance-evaluation-criteria-17_Q320.jpg)
Citations
... These inbred lines were classified based on morphophysiological evaluations conducted under field conditions, where the highest tolerance was indicated by the smallest proportional reduction in the ratio of grain yield under soil water-limited conditions to that under well-watered conditions (Kamphorst et al., 2020). Both inbred lines were derived from the open-pollinated variety BRS Angela -EMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo (Brazil), with a late cycle and adaptation to tropical climates (Vittorazzi et al., 2018). ...
Highlights
•
Changes in proteomic profiles occur in response to water limitation in popcorn.
•
1838 proteins were identified, with 169 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the tolerant line and 386 DAPs in the sensitive line.
•
The pathways of energy metabolism, photosynthesis, oxidative stress response, and protein synthesis represented the main differences between genotypes.
... P2 and P3 were obtained from the composite CMS-42, and L76 was derived from the Viçosa variety. All of the last five lines have temperate/tropical climate adaptations, as reported by Vittorazzi et al. [69]. ...
Developing popcorn genotypes that are adapted to water-deficit conditions is crucial due to the significant impact of this abiotic stress on grain yield. This study aimed to assess the combining abilities of preselected popcorn lines for agronomic and root traits under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. A circulating diallel analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the general and specific combining abilities of 10 lines and their respective hybrids for various traits, including productivity, popping expansion, expanded popcorn volume, 100-grain weight, ear length, ear width, support root angle, crown root angle, number of support roots, number of crown roots, density of support roots, and density of crown roots. Non-additive action genes predominantly influenced the agronomic traits under both water conditions. In contrast, the root traits displayed a greater proportion of additive action gene expression under both conditions, despite being significantly affected by the environment. Lines L61, L71, and L76 demonstrated positive and high effects for general combining ability. The hybrids L65/L76, L71/L76, and L61/L75, in addition to exhibiting satisfactory effects of their specific combining ability, also displayed the most favorable phenotypic responses for most agronomic and root traits, making them ideal candidates for inclusion in popcorn breeding programs aiming to develop drought-tolerant genotypes.
... In contrast with the uniform separation of North American Yellow Pearl Popcorns from other types of maize, the assignment of the Pointed and Latin American Popcorns is not as consistent. Single-group assignment of popcorn landraces of Latin America has been previously reported when compared with Chinese germplasm as discussed above (Yu et al., 2021), Brazilian popcorn inbreds (Vittorazzi et al., 2018), and highland and lowland Argentine landraces (Bracco et al., 2012). When compared with other landraces with geographic proximity, most popcorn landraces across the Americas cluster as a single group (van Heerwaarden et al., 2011). ...
Popcorn (Zea mays) is an important crop in the United States; however, genetic analyses of popcorn are limited and tend to utilize relatively few markers that cannot capture the total genomic variation. To improve the genomic resources in popcorn, a panel of 320 popcorn accessions was evaluated using 308,811 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated using a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach. Using this genomic data, several model‐based clustering analyses identified two major groups. The first comprised North American Yellow Pearl Popcorns and accessions of the Chilean Curagua landrace, separated into three subgroups. The second, the Pointed and Latin American Popcorns, included all remaining North American, Latin American, and global accessions. These groups exhibited differences in population structure and genetic diversity. The North American Yellow Pearl Popcorns contain limited genetic diversity compared to the Pointed and Latin American Popcorns. Additionally, phenotypic differences between the two groups were observed in kernel color and nicosulfuron sensitivity. A filtered set of SNPs was curated and used for genome‐wide association studies and popcorn‐specific candidate genes for nicosulfuron tolerance were identified. The genomic characterization described here can be used by breeding programs to accelerate the rate of genetic gain and incorporate genetic diversity into elite popcorn germplasm.
... The genealogy of popcorn inbred lines (S7) was derived from germplasm adapted to tropical (L61, L63, L65, and L71 from the BRS-Angela population) and temperate/tropical conditions (P7, from the commercial hybrid Zeĺia; P2 and P3, from the compound CMS-42; P6, from the commercial hybrid IAC-112; and L54, L55, L75, and L76, from the Barão de Vicosa population) (Vittorazzi et al., 2018). ...
Low rainfall rates are becoming increasingly frequent because of climate change, causing droughts and threatening world food security. For popcorn, drought is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant’s growth and development. Thus, the water deficit directly impacts for crop productivity. Based on knowledge of the genetic basis of traits involved in stages of popcorn germination and seedling development under water stress, genotypes with potential for adaptation to adverse growing conditions can be selected early. Therefore, data on genetic effects and combining ability of 10 popcorn parents were compiled to propose breeding strategies for the development of cultivars with greater adaptation to water stress in the early stages. Forty-five diallel hybrids were evaluated under two different water regimes, that is, water stress and full irrigation. This corresponded to a water retention capacity of 25% and 70% of the germination paper. The plants were watered daily as needed for seven days. A range of factors were evaluated, that is, germination traits including the germination speed index and germination on the seventh day; shoot traits including length and dry weight; and root system including length, dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, maximum root number, root network area, specific and root network length, and root volume. Breeding for drought adaption in the early stages of popcorn development can be successful when hybrids are used, because of the genetic effects of dominance (ϕs). These control the traits evaluated at the seedling stage. The combinations L61 x P2 and L71 x P3 were recommended, in view of the more successful performance estimated for traits related to the shoot and root system.
... Studies have demonstrated significant effects of oligogenic and quantitative resistance to foliar diseases in maize and popcorn, which makes their breeding procedures a highly The L70 tester was derived from the BRS Angela population, developed by Embrapa Milho e Sorgo from a recurrent selection in the CMS-43 compound, to increase the popping expansion [26], with it having been identified as a promising source of resistance to B. maydis and P. polysora [3,4,27,28]. Line P1 came from the triple hybrid Zélia [26] and was highlighted as a provider of favorable alleles for resistance to P. polysora, Fusarium ssp., and B. maydis by [3,4], Mafra et al. (2018) [27], and Santos et al. (2019) [28]. ...
... Studies have demonstrated significant effects of oligogenic and quantitative resistance to foliar diseases in maize and popcorn, which makes their breeding procedures a highly The L70 tester was derived from the BRS Angela population, developed by Embrapa Milho e Sorgo from a recurrent selection in the CMS-43 compound, to increase the popping expansion [26], with it having been identified as a promising source of resistance to B. maydis and P. polysora [3,4,27,28]. Line P1 came from the triple hybrid Zélia [26] and was highlighted as a provider of favorable alleles for resistance to P. polysora, Fusarium ssp., and B. maydis by [3,4], Mafra et al. (2018) [27], and Santos et al. (2019) [28]. Line 651 was extracted from the ARZM-13050 population, whose variety was susceptible to B. maydis by [3,4], having been originally from Argentina and donated to UENF by CIMMYT. ...
Popcorn cultivation has been growing in and has positively affected the Brazilian economy. However, these crops are grown with genotypes susceptible to diseases, generating high losses. Thus, studies aimed at obtaining resistant genotypes are particularly interesting, as popcorn is susceptible to several pathogens. The most efficient, environmentally correct, and economical method of disease control is using resistant cultivars. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of inbred lines of popcorn and their respective testcross hybrids in terms of diseases caused by fungi. For this purpose, 15 S7 inbred lines were crossed with five testers, four with a narrow genetic basis (inbred lines L270, L651, P1, and L70) and one with a broad genetic basis (open pollination variety PARA 172). The arrangement of treatments in incomplete blocks (lattice 10 × 10) with three replications was used. The testcross was efficient in the discrimination per se of the progenies and the testers. The inbred lines L685, L691, L696, and L684 and the PARA 172 tester showed potential resistance to P. polysora, B. maydis, and E. turcicum. The GT biplot method proved reliable in identifying efficient, responsive, and resistant inbred lines and revealing the hybrid 56 as the ideal genotype.
... The genealogy of popcorn inbred lines (S7) was derived from germplasm adapted to tropical (L61, L63, L65, and L71 from the BRS-Angela population) and temperate/tropical conditions (P7, from the commercial hybrid Zeĺia; P2 and P3, from the compound CMS-42; P6, from the commercial hybrid IAC-112; and L54, L55, L75, and L76, from the Barão de Vicosa population) (Vittorazzi et al., 2018). ...
Early-life stress (ELS) or adversity, particularly in the form of childhood neglect and abuse, is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. However, whether these relationships are mediated by the consequences of ELS itself or by other exposures that frequently co-occur with ELS is unclear. To address this question, we carried out a longitudinal study in rats to isolate the effects of ELS on regional brain volumes and behavioral phenotypes relevant to anxiety and depression. We used the repeated maternal separation (RMS) model of chronic ELS, and conducted behavioral measurements throughout adulthood, including of probabilistic reversal learning (PRL), responding on a progressive ratio task, sucrose preference, novelty preference, novelty reactivity, and putative anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze. Our behavioral assessment was combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitation of regional brain volumes at three time points: immediately following RMS, young adulthood without further stress, and late adulthood with further stress. We found that RMS caused long-lasting, sexually dimorphic biased responding to negatively-valenced stimuli on the PRL task. RMS also slowed response time on the PRL task, but without this directly impacting task performance. RMS animals were also uniquely sensitive to a second stressor, which further slowed and biased their responding on the PRL task. MRI at the time of the adult stress revealed a larger amygdala volume in RMS animals compared with controls. These behavioral and neurobiological effects persisted well into adulthood despite a lack of effects on conventional tests of ‘depression-like’ and ‘anxiety-like’ behavior, and a lack of any evidence of anhedonia. Our findings indicate that ELS has long-lasting cognitive and neurobehavioral effects that interact with stress in adulthood and may have relevance for understanding the etiology of anxiety and depression in humans.
... These lines were pre-selected under water deficit conditions from a cultivation of twenty lines evaluated according to the agronomic potential of each line [23]. The pre-selected lines were P6 and P7 (derived from the hybrid Zaeli, adapted to temperate/tropical climate), L61 (derived from the Beija-flor variety, adapted to temperate/tropical climate), and L75 (derived from the open-pollinated variety BRS-Angela, of tropical climate adaptation) [12]. Such lines showed contrasting performance in terms of agronomic efficiency in water use [23]; that is, the ratio between the mass of harvested matter (grain yield) and the volume of water applied to the crop during the cycle (L). ...
... In the basal part of the tubes, adequate drainage was allowed, and there was no loss of substrates during the experimental evaluations. The substrate used consisted of 80% perlite and 20% peat, to which fertilizer was added in the form of NPK (MgO, SO 3 ) 20-5-8 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), with micronutrients and a slow-release N source (2-3 months) (isobutylidenediurea/17 g tube −1 ). The fertilizer corresponded to 144.7 kg N ha −1 , 36.2 kg P ha −1 , and 57.8 kg K ha −1 . ...
... Agronomy 2022, 12, 1517 ...
This study aimed to identify the genetic control of morphological, water status, and root traits in four inbred lines and their pre-selected hybrid combinations of popcorn, and to identify the best parents and hybrids. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions, and with two water conditions—water-stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW). We evaluated shoot biomass (SB), whole plant leaf area (WPLA), chlorophyll content, carbon isotope discrimination, net CO2 assimilation rate, the stomatal conductance, transpiration, cumulative plant transpiration, and root weight density in three sections. The reductions in SB and WPLA are attributed to stomatal causes, given the maintenance of water condition values in water-stressed plants. In fact, the stomata were closed for long periods during plant growth under the water-stressed condition, as indicated by the more negative carbon isotope discrimination values. The root weight density, regardless of soil depth and water conditions, was higher in hybrids. There was a preponderance of non-additive effects in the control of morphological and root traits, especially in the WS condition, and heterosis was shown to be the fundamental strategy for obtaining superior hybrids. For water status traits, it is essential to choose the female parent in the crossing block, given the maternal effect expressed by net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration.
... Various studies of popcorn diversity have been successfully conducted [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], raising the expectation of obtaining superior genotypes. When considering analysis methods, and somewhat putting aside the usual strict independence of errors of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), a modeling that is appropriate to be used because it is a bit more flexible, but no less applicable, is the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. ...
Popcorn is a food highly appreciated throughout the world, generating billions of dollars annually just in the North American market alone. Even in the face of the historical superiority of American hybrids, which occupy almost 100% of the grain production fields in Brazil, our researchers have been working to develop cultivars that combine important traits for the crop, such as tolerance to leaf diseases and high rates of grain yield and popping expansion. This work investigated the degree of genetic divergence among 40 diallel hybrids of popcorn, 16 parents and 6 elite controls using mixed models to discriminate superior materials to be adopted in the Brazilian agribusiness. Based on the individual Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) of each of the 15 variables analyzed, the Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) and Tocher clusters were performed, and the study of Pearson correlation was carried out. The results pointed out that there is genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated and that the best candidates for composing superior genotypes are in the combination between the P10×L77 parents and/or between the P7 and L88 lines. Linear correlations showed that earlier flowering and taller genotypes exhibited an association with materials more tolerant to Exserohilum turcicum intensity.
... The genetic diversity of a group of individuals can be exhaustively characterized in different species (Becerra and Paredes 2000) using new technologies that allow us to evaluate thousands of genomic variants simultaneously (González-recio et al. 2014;Baloch et al. 2017). In a group of individuals that have been molecularly characterized, those more similar in their genetic profile are expected to have some degree of relatedness and, therefore, to be able to group, defining populations or genetic groups (Peña-Malavera et al. 2014;Vittorazzi et al. 2018). Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers have gained importance to explain a great proportion of the variance among individuals, and are the markers most widely used to identify genetic similarity patterns because they are very abundant in the genome (Baloch et al. 2017). ...
... Classifying the elite germplasm from different heterotic groups is an important task in any breeding program to enhance crossings (Meena et al. 2017). Classification of heterotic patterns is generally based on several criteria, such as pedigree, molecular marker-based associations, and performance in hybrid combinations (Lee and Tracy 2009;Vittorazzi et al. 2018). In this sense, molecular markers have shown to be very useful to classify inbreds in heterotic groups (Lu and Bernardo 2001;Li et al. 2002;Schnable and Springer 2013) and elucidate the underlying PGS. ...
A number of clustering algorithms are available to depict population genetic structure (PGS) with genomic data; however, there is no consensus on which methods are the best performing ones. We conducted a simulation study of three PGS scenarios with subpopulations k = 2, 5 and 10, recreating several maize genomes as a model to: (1) compare three well-known clustering methods: UPGMA, k-means and, Bayesian method (BM); (2) asses four internal validation indices: CH, Connectivity, Dunn and Silhouette, to determine the reliable number of groups defining a PGS; and (3) estimate the misclassification rate for each validation index. Moreover, a publicly available maize dataset was used to illustrate the outcomes of our simulation. BM was the best method to classify individuals in all tested scenarios, without assignment errors. Conversely, UPGMA was the method with the highest misclassification rate. In scenarios with 5 and 10 subpopulations, CH and Connectivity indices had the maximum underestimation of group number for all cluster algorithms. Dunn and Silhouette indices showed the best performance with BM. Nevertheless, since Silhouette measures the degree of confidence in cluster assignment, and BM measures the probability of cluster membership, these results should be considered with caution. In this study we found that BM showed to be efficient to depict the PGS in both simulated and real maize datasets. This study offers a robust alternative to unveil the existing PGS, thereby facilitating population studies and breeding strategies in maize programs. Moreover, the present findings may have implications for other crop species.
... After a performance evaluation, we selected four inbred lines and classified them as agronomic water use efficient (P2, P3, P6, and P7), four as inefficient (L61, L63, L65, and L75), and two as intermediate (L71 and L76;Kamphorst et al., 2018a). Inbred lines L61, L63, L65, L71, and L75 were derived from the population "BRS-Angela, " which was adapted to tropical climates; P6 and P7 were derived from the commercial hybrid "Zélia"; P2 and P3 were derived from compound CMS-42; L76 was derived from the population "Viçosa, " which was adapted to temperate and tropical climates (Vittorazzi et al., 2018). ...
Drought currently affects several regions worldwide and tends to be more frequent due to climate change. It might compromise food security and the economic structure related to agribusiness. Popcorn has a crucial role in the Brazilian economy, but the cultivars that adapt to water stress, the most prejudicial abiotic stress for crop productivity, are unknown to date. This deficit of popcorn varieties adapted to heat and drought stresses will become more limiting with climate change. Given this scenario, knowing the genetic basis of agronomic traits under stress conditions is essential in promoting crop productivity and plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. Under two contrasting water conditions (WC) and different crop seasons (CS), we aimed to generate information about the combining ability of 10 popcorn progenitors and 15 hybrids through a partial diallel-mating design. The water stress was initiated at the male pre-anthesis stage. Significant genotype*crop seasons (G*CS), genotype*water condition (G*WC), and genotype*crop seasons*water condition (G*CS*WC) interactions were present. Regardless of CS and WC, non-additive effects controlled grain yield (GY), grain number per row (GN), ear length and diameter (ED), and 100-grain weight, while additive effects were present for popping expansion (PE). For each CS, regardless of WC, the cause-effect of GN (2018) and ED (2020) on GY seems to be an opportunity for indirect selection. Utilizing genetically broad-based hybrids is also a good opportunity for obtaining superior genotypes for GY and PE as it is possible to select inbred lines for both of these traits. We recommend the L76 × L61 hybrid for the Brazilian agribusiness context due to its greater productivity and dominance deviations.
