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Background
Globally, about 1.25 million people die annually from road trafficcollisions. Evidence from global safety report shows a decreasing trend of road traffic injury indeveloped countries while there is an increasing trend in many developing countriesincluding Ethiopia. This study is aimed at assessing factors affecting injury severity levels...
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Citations
... Data was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literature 12,[19][20][21][22][23] and WHO injury surveillance guidelines. 24 Various data collection methods were used, including interviews, observation, and chart review. ...
... 18,19 On the contrary, it was much lower than the findings reported from southern Ethiopia (51.1%) and central Ghana (64%). [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]27 This variation could be due to differences in the study setting and population. ...
Background: Globally, road traffic accidents cause around 50 million injuries and disabilities and close to 1.35 million deaths every year. In Ethiopia, approximately five thousand deaths are estimated to occur annually due to road traffic accidents. However, there is limited data on the precise burden of the problem in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of road traffic accidents and associated factors among traumatized patients who visited the emergency units of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 381 trauma patients who visited the emergency department of three public hospitals in Addis Ababa between June 1 and July 12, 2022. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-data, and exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors contributing to road traffic accidents at a significant level of P < 0.05. Results: The majority of participants were males (73.5%), between 20 and 39 years old (65.1%), and married (45.7%). The prevalence of road traffic accidents among traumatized patients was 37.3% (95% CI: 32.5, 42.3) in public hospitals in Addis Ababa. After adjusting for potential confounders, being male [AOR (95% CI) = 2.77 (1.6, 4.8)], traveling in the afternoon [AOR (95% CI) = 0.6 (0.3, 0.9)], and alcohol-drinking before travel [AOR (95% CI) = 2.50 (1.6, 4.0)] were factors contributing to road traffic accidents. Conclusion: The prevalence of road traffic accidents was very high in Addis Ababa public hospitals. Being male, traveling in the afternoon, and drinking alcohol before travel were significantly associated with an increased risk of road traffic accidents. Community awareness creation, strict traffic flow control in the morning, and alcohol breath tests will ultimately decrease road traffic accidents. In the meantime, expansion and strengthening of pre-hospital care and post-crash trauma care services.
... Data was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literature 12,[19][20][21][22][23] and WHO injury surveillance guidelines. 24 Various data collection methods were used, including interviews, observation, and chart review. ...
... 18,19 On the contrary, it was much lower than the findings reported from southern Ethiopia (51.1%) and central Ghana (64%). [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]27 This variation could be due to differences in the study setting and population. ...
Background: Globally, road traffic accidents cause around 50 million injuries and disabilities and close to 1.35 million deaths every year. In Ethiopia, approximately five thousand deaths are estimated to occur annually due to road traffic accidents. However, there is limited data on the precise burden of the problem in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of road traffic accidents and associated factors among traumatized patients who visited the emergency units of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 381 trauma patients who visited the emergency department of three public hospitals in Addis Ababa between June 1 and July 12, 2022. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-data, and exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors contributing to road traffic accidents at a significant level of P < 0.05. Results: The majority of participants were males (73.5%), between 20 and 39 years old (65.1%), and married (45.7%). The prevalence of road traffic accidents among traumatized patients was 37.3% (95% CI: 32.5, 42.3) in public hospitals in Addis Ababa. After adjusting for potential confounders, being male [AOR (95% CI) = 2.77 (1.6, 4.8)], traveling in the afternoon [AOR (95% CI) = 0.6 (0.3, 0.9)], and alcohol-drinking before travel [AOR (95% CI) = 2.50 (1.6, 4.0)] were factors contributing to road traffic accidents. Conclusion: The prevalence of road traffic accidents was very high in Addis Ababa public hospitals. Being male, traveling in the afternoon, and drinking alcohol before travel were significantly associated with an increased risk of road traffic accidents. Community awareness creation, strict traffic flow control in the morning, and alcohol breath tests will ultimately decrease road traffic accidents. In the meantime, expansion and strengthening of pre-hospital care and post-crash trauma care services.
... There were no helmets for any of the cyclists [25] . In Baru et al. [26] 's study, accident involving a motorcyclist or motorcycle passenger without a helmet increased the risk of injury more than four times. The protective effect of helmet use on injury outcomes has been confirmed in other studies [24,27] . ...
Objective
This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the severity of trauma caused by traffic accidents based on Martrix Haddon; A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
In this study searched 5 international databases in this study, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, for published articles by the end of 2022. Data were entered into the statistical program and analyses were performed using STATA 17.0 software. OR values were computed for severity accidents.
Results
Results of study showed that among the risk factors related to the host, not using helmet increased the risk of injury severity by 3.44 times compared to people who have used helmets (OR Not using helmet/Using helmet = 3.44, 95%CI: 2.27–5.00, P =0.001, I ² =0.00%). Also, crossing over a center divider has a protective role for the risk of injury severity compared to undertaking (OR crossing over a center divider/undertaking =0.39, 95%CI: 0.20–0.75, P =0.01, I ² =25.79%). in terms of the type of accident, accident of car-car reduces the risk of injury severity by 23% compared to accident of car-pedestrian (OR accident of car-car/accident of car-pedestrian =0.77, 95%CI: 0.61–0.96, P =0.02, I ² =0.00%).
Conclusions
It is necessary to pay attention to the intersection of human, vehicle and environmental risks and their contribution and how they interact. Based on the Haddon matrix approach, special strategies can be designed to prevent road damage. Safety standards for vehicles should also be addressed through stricter legal requirements and inspections.
... Studies conducted in Ethiopia indicate that factors such as a younger driver, a less educated driver, being male, younger road users, driver's experience, drunk and speedy driving, a motorcyclist or passenger without a helmet, vehicle size, dark lighting conditions, and a vehicle occupant traveling unrestrained in the back of a truck are major factors contributing to the RTI occurrences and worsening the injury severity levels [11][12][13][14]. ...
... Few road safety measures such as; increasing the number of speed breakers, strict enforcement of traffic rules, the imposition of heavy fines and punishments on drivers who violated the traffic rules, and striving to increase the growth rate of road infrastructures, etc. have been initiated in Ethiopia recently. However, the road traffic accidents induced mortality and occurrences of fatal injuries were increasing despite all these activities done so far [14,15]. ...
Background
Road traffic Injuries (RTI) are multifaceted occurrences determined by the combination of multiple factors. Also, severity levels of injuries from road traffic accidents are determined by the interaction of the composite factors. Even though most accidents are severe to fatal in developing countries, there is still a lack of extensive researches on crash severity levels and factors associated with these accidents. Hence, this study was intended to identify severity levels of road traffic injuries and determinant factors in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia.
Methods
The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, using secondary data obtained from the Addis Ababa Police Commission office. The ordinal logistic regression model was used to investigate road traffic injury severity levels and factors worsening injury severity levels using the recorded dataset from October 2017 to July 2020.
Results
A total of 8458 car accidents were considered in the study, of which 15.1% were fatal, 46.7% severe, and 38.3% were slight injuries. The results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis estimation showed that being a commercial truck, college and above level educated driver, rollover crash, motorbike passengers, the crash day on Friday, and darkness were significantly associated factors with crash injury severity levels in the study area. On the contrary, driving experience (> 10 years), passenger of the vehicle, two-lane roads, and afternoon crashes were found to decrease the severity of road traffic injuries.
Conclusions
Road traffic injury reduction measures should include strict law enforcement in order to maintain road traffic rules especially among commercial truckers, motorcyclists, and government vehicle drivers. Also, it is better to train drivers to be more alert and conscious in their travels, especially on turning and handling their vehicles while driving.
... Therefore, training machine learning models on noisy features may lead to unreliable and unstable results [26,28]. Another study is carried out in [15] to evaluate the crucial characteristics (factors) affecting injury severity levels. ...
... 15 The impact of Driving experience factor on accident severity ...
... Kohler et al. have suggested narrative interviews, participatory diagramming and discrete event simulation as one possible suite of methods deliverable within an international partnership for boosting of outcome in developing countries like Ethiopia [21]. Different studies found in Africa and our country Ethiopia suggested that TBI is the leading cause of death and disability in addition to this the main reason for TBI was RTA [22][23][24][25]. As is the case globally, traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia [8]. ...
Background
Globally, traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability which affects more than 69 million individuals a year.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the outcome and associated factors of traumatic brain injury among adult patients treated in Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals.
Method
Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used and a checklist was used to extract data between March 15 and April 15, 2021. The data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis after being checked for consistency. Associated variables with outcomes of traumatic brain injury were determined by a binary logistic regression model. The degree of association was interpreted by using AOR and a 95% confidence interval with a p-value less than or equal to 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant.
Result
In this study road traffic injury was the most frequent cause of traumatic brain injuries among adult patients, accounting for 181 (37.5%), followed by assault, accounting for 117 (24.2%) which affects adult age groups. One-third of the participant had a moderate Glasgow coma scale of 174(36%). Only 128(26.8%) patients arrived within one hour. One hundred sixty, 160 (33.1%) of patients had a mild traumatic brain injury, whereas, 149(36%) of patients had a severe traumatic brain injury. Regarding computerized tomography scans findings, the hematoma was the most common (n = 163, 33.7%). Ninety-one, 91(18.8%) of participants had cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, and, 92(19%) were diagnosed with a positive battle sign. The overall prevalence of unfavorable outcomes after traumatic brain injury was found to be 35.2% (95%CI (30.8–39.1). Having additional Injury, hypoxia, time to hospital presentation after 24 h, severe Glasgow Coma Scale, moderate Glasgow Coma Scale, tachypnea, bradypnea, and cerebrospinal fluid Othorrhea, were factors associated with unfavorable outcomes.
Conclusion and recommendation
In this study, the overall unfavorable outcome was experienced by about four out of every 10 victims of traumatic brain injury. Time of arrival > 24 h, low Glasgow coma scale, additional injury, Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, abnormal respiration, and hypoxia were significant predictors of unfavorable outcomes. To reduce the adverse effects of traumatic brain injury in adults, it is therefore desirable to guarantee safe road traffic flow and improve health care services.
... And also study conducted in TASH was supporting our study; the majority of them were within the age group of 21-30 years. (31) Other findings also indicated that this age group was the most affected in Ethiopia. (32)(33) The different studies showed that RTA is frequently affecting the financially fruitful age group; this might be results serious burden of public issues. ...
... whereas minor injury was 51.0%. This is in line with the findings of Kenya, Tanzania, TASTH, and Turinesh Beijing Hospital (31,(34)(35)(36) and also reported results from Yirgalem General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia minor injury and severe injury respective. (37) However, a study in Jimma University Medical Center high number of severe injuries and less mild injuries (27) reported. ...
Introduction: In low income countries, Road Traffic Accident (RTA) Death remains high. This describes that RTA are a major public health challenge. And also, the problem is increasing from time to time in resource-limited countries. The most economically active age groups (18-50) are at the greatest risk of dying as a result of RTA. This affects economically, social and political stability of the countries. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the pattern of RTA death and associated factors in the adult emergency department. Methods: A two-year retrospective chart review of RTA injury was conducted at ALERT Hospital. The data were collected by using a structured checklist. Descriptive statistic like frequencies, percentage, means, standard division, and proportion was computed for selected variables using SPSS version 21. Logistic regression was used to predict the measure of association between interest independent variables and death due to RTA injuries. Result: - The proportion rate of RTA death was 27(17.4%) from 155 of RTA injury patients presented Adult Emergency Department of ALERT Hospital. This result translates to a mortality rate of RTA was 34.8 deaths per 1000 patients per year. Multivariate analysis indicated that individuals who drank alcohol while driving were three times more likely to be died in RTA as compared to those who didn’t drink alcohol. And also, victims who had more year of experience in driving been less likely or reduced by a 65% chance of died in RTA than their counter parts. Conclusion: The prevalence of RTA death was high in this study. Use of alcohol while driving and year of experience in driving was most significant associated with road traffic accident-related death. To alleviate these problems awareness creation and measuring blood alcohol content levels and breathe analyzers for the driver during driving is more recommended.
... Traffic accidents according to Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic are unexpected and unintentional road events and there is no vehicle involvement with or without other road users resulting in human and/or property loss. Past traffic accidents can occur because vehicle drivers violate traffic traffic signs [16]. The driver drives the vehicle at will, ignorance of the rules, unskilled driving, and a low level of driver awareness. ...
Researcher need to know that traffic accidents are the ninth highest cause of death and are responsible for 2.2% of
all deaths globally, road safety audits are one way to anticipate traffic accidents. Accidents that generally occur due to various
factors together, namely: human factors, environmental factors and climatic factors. The purpose of this study is to conduct a
Road Safety Audit in an effort to reduce accidents related to the use of safety triangles on the heaviest axle vehicles over 8
tons/large size vehicles. Research using descriptive method with a qualitative approach and interview methods. Traffic
accidents often occur in cases where the driver of the vehicle collides with a truck or vehicle that is parked or stopped on the
shoulder of the road. In conclusion, the factor that increases the occurrence of traffic accidents in the Province of Yogyakarta
Special Region is the factor of the installation of a safety triangle which is still not good enough so that other road users do not
see the vehicle stopping or parking. Handling to reduce the level of traffic accidents in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is
recommended that the Government add regulations on the use of safety triangles on the highway so that safety triangles are
visible to other motorists when used to reduce the risk of accidents.
... The association between time of crash and injury severity has also been found in many studies in Ethiopia and USA. 21,22 Measures such as the ban on nighttime travel in Zambia contributed to an overall 57.5% reduction in road traffic deaths. 23 In contrast, some studies in Brazil and the USA found no difference in severity between night and daytime crashes. ...
... 26,27 Another study showed that crashes that occurred at night were almost twice as likely to be serious as those that occurred during the day. 21,28,29 In addition, some authors in Egypt found that the severity of injuries in a crash on a road under construction was significantly different between night and day. 30 This would be due to the low visibility of obstacles in a poorly signalled environment. ...
Background:
In Benin, due to the unavailability of comprehensive data on road crashes, road safety policies are mainly based on partial statistics provided by the police. These remain unreliable in terms of injury severity and risk factors. This study aims to determine the factors influencing the severity of injuries after a road crash in Benin.
Methods:
The present nested case-control study, matched for age and sex, was based on a hospital cohort of road crash victims set up in five hospitals in Benin between July 2019 and January 2020. A sample of severely injured patients according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (cases) was compared to non-severely injured patients (controls).
Results:
The severe crash occurred mainly during the night between 8 p.m. and midnight (36.2% of cases vs. 24.4% of controls) and on main roads (57.8% of cases vs. 34.7% of controls). Factors associated with injury severity were the time of the crash: night between 8 p.m. and midnight [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 2.1; CI 95%: 1.4-3.2], major roads (national interstate roads and national roads) (AOR: 2.8; CI 95%: 2.0-4.0) and non-work-related travel (AOR: 1.8; CI 95%: 1.2-2.7).
Conclusions:
Factors associated with road crash severity in Benin were night-time, main roads, and non-work related travel. Raising user awareness about compliance with traffic rules and improving public lighting, especially along main roads could help reduce the number of serious injuries.
... The most of accidents occurred in the region were taken place in rural village and on the dry road condition. The inconsistent finding was reported that the highest number of accidents happened in urban, wet and slippery roads [6,41]. ...
Background
The Sidama region is one of the Ethiopian regions facing high burdens of human death due to road traffic accidents.
Objective
The aim of current study was to identify the determinants of human death due to road traffic accidents in Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.
Methods
A total of 291 road traffic accident data collected from July 2020-June 2021 was obtained from the department of traffic control and crime investigation, Sidama region. The two-component zero inflated finite mixture models (2-ZIFMM) to accommodate the unobserved heterogeneity of the traffic data used in the analysis.
Results
Out of the 291 accidents recorded in the region, nearly 47% of them had resulted in at least one human death. Drivers who were between 17–30 years old had accounted the highest proportion of road traffic accidents in the region (66.7%). About 87% of the total traffic accidents took place on the dry road condition in the region. A driver who had the least (1–5 years) driving experiences had caused nearly 2 times higher road traffic accident that had resulted human deaths compare to drivers who had 5 and more driving experience, on average. The main source of human death due to traffic accidents was due to motor motorcycles that were caused during vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle to pedestrian crash because of drivers were over speeding.
Conclusions
Drivers in the younger age, road type, whether condition on the road, driving in the mid-day (12:00–2:00 pm) had increased incidence rate of human death due to road traffic accident in the region. The government and other stakeholders should create over all awareness among drivers and set strong restriction on the legal age for driving license, should monitor and evaluate the service years of drivers and the vehicles.
