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Dental stem cell-based tissue engineering. In vitro 3D tissue-engineered construct can be developed by combining dental stem cells with proper 3D cell carrier and bioreactor culture system, and can be applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 3D, three-dimensional. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/teb
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Recently, dental stem and progenitor cells have been harvested from periodontal tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, follicle, and papilla. These cells have received extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and multilineage differentiation capacity. These dental stem a...
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... stem cells in periodontal tissues, such as dental pulp, dental follicle, dental papilla, and periodontal ligament, and in exfoliated deciduous teeth was reported. [22][23][24][25][26][27] The recent finding of stem cells in periodontal tissues has suggested the use of these dental stem cells as a potential cell sources for tissue engi- neering ( Fig. 1). Dental stem cell banks have been pioneered by private companies worldwide, and the dental stem cells are cryopreserved at stem cell bank for their potent avail- ability in near future. Pulp, periodontal ligament, and papilla tissue can be procured from the discarded teeth, and dental stem cells can be isolated from the collected ...
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Since the disclosure of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) there have been an intense investigation on the characteristics of these cells and their potentialities. Dental Stem Cells (DSCs) are MSC-like populations with self-renewal capacity and multidifferentiation potential. Currently, there are five main DSCs, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), ste...
Bone tissue engineering is one of the important therapeutic approaches to the regeneration of bones in the entire field of regeneration medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are actively discussed as material for bone tissue engineering due to their ability to differentiate into autologous bone. MSCs are able to differentiate into different linea...
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem c...
Within the field of dental tissue engineering, the establishment of adequate tissue vascularization is one of the most important burdens to overcome. As vascular access within the tooth is restricted by the apical foramen, it is of major importance to implement effective vascularization strategies in order to recreate viable components of teeth and...
Stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been isolated from human dental tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apica...
Citations
... The use of modern regenerative techniques, in particular tissue engineering, is a promising approach to the treatment of bone defects and has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers in recent years [4,9]. Thus, the use of cell technologies could overcome osteogenic "insufficiency", which is often found in elderly patients, in whom the body's own resources are not able to restore lost bone tissue [10][11][12]. The angiogenic effect of exosomes would lead to improved blood supply to the developing bone tissue, thereby optimizing the process of osteogenesis [13][14][15]. ...
... Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field aimed at developing new biological approaches to treat a wide range of diseases [12]. The need for tissue engineering techniques in bone regeneration is due to the limited abilities of the human body for correct autoregeneration, especially in comorbid and elderly patients with osteoporosis [10]. ...
Introduction Bone defect management is a critical stage of treatment and rehabilitation that still remains a challenging problem for traumatologists and orthopaedists. The need for tissue engineering techniques is due to limited abilities of the human body to correct bone tissue autoregeneration, especially in comorbid and elderly patients with osteoporosis. Bone autografts is a gold standard in those cases but is associated with certain restrictions. Regenerative medicine and stem cell biology development opened up capabilities to employ new methods for enhancement of bone tissue repair. A special interest of researchers is focused on mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for bone tissue regeneration optimization.
Purpose of this review was to show mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes effeciency in bone defect treatment.
Materials and methods Open electronic databases of scientific literature, PubMed and e-Library, were used. The literature data search was carried out using the keywords: regenerative medicine, bone defects, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells.
Results and discussion The review presents current ideas about mesenchymal stem cells, their microenvironment and exosomes influence on bone tissue repair. Clinical need in effective bone regeneration is still high. Mesenchymal stem cells and acellular regenerative treatments have shown good results in bone defects repair and are perspective directions. Productive use of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in bone defects treatment requires further study of their mechanisms of action, the regenerative techniques efficacy and safety evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies.
Conclusion The use of mesenchymal stem cells and cell-free regenerative approaches has demonstrated good results in the restoration of bone tissue defects and is a promising direction.
... [16]. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) represent a subset of mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues with potential for the purpose of self-renewal and differentiation into diverse cell lineages, encompassing osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, odontoblast-like-cells, and neuronallike-cells [17,18]. The ease of isolating hDPSCs from extracted teeth provides an abundant cellular source for tissue engineering purposes. ...
Previous studies have confirmed the excellent biocompatibility, osteogenic properties, and angiogenic ability of hydroxyapatite (HAP), as well as the good osteoblast differentiation ability of dental pulp stem cells. We hypothesized that combining dental pulp stem cells with ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers could more effectively promote osteoblast differentiation, making it a potential biomaterial for enhancing bone wound healing. Therefore, based on the optimal ratio of ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers (HAPNW/CF) determined in previous studies, we added human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to investigate whether this combination can accelerate cell osteogenic differentiation. hDPSCs were introduced into HAPNW/CF scaffolds, and in vitro experiments revealed that: (1) HAPNW/CF scaffolds exhibited no cytotoxicity toward hDPSCs; (2) HAPNW/CF scaffolds enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining activity, an early marker of osteogenic differentiation, and significantly upregulated the expression level of osteogenic-related proteins; (3) co-culturing with hDPSCs in HAPNW/CF scaffolds significantly increased the expression of angiogenesis-related factors compared to hDPSCs alone when tested using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs). Our study demonstrates that combining hDPSCs with HAPNW/CF can enhance osteogenic differentiation more effectively, potentially through increased secretion of angiogenesis-related factors promoting osteoblast differentiation.
... 8 DMSCs have biological properties such as self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and high growth potential. They can proliferate, homogenize, and differentiate under the guidance of cytokines and scaffolding materials to achieve tissue transformation, which includes dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 9 stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), 10 and periodontal membrane stem cells (PDLSCs) 11 , root apical papillary stem cells (SCAPs), 12 and dental follicular stem cells (DFSCs), 13 which have received widespread attention for their wide variety of differentiable cells, [14][15][16][17] long in vitro storage time, 18,19 and good interaction with scaffolds and growth factors. [20][21][22] Notably, the repair effect mediated by MSCs depends on the modulation of the bionic microenvironment established by tissues and biomimetic materials; 23,24 in addition to the fibrous structure of nanomaterials, which has been shown to mimic the design of the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby inducing the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs, 25 some of the nanomaterials, such as calcium phosphates, can induce the remineralization capacity of MSCs by mediating the release of Ca and P ions by the release of Ca and P ions from functional groups to activate the remineralization ability of MSCs; 26 nanofibrous sponge microspheres made of l-lactic acid can also induce upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes through hypoxia to enhance the vasculogenic ability of MSCs. ...
The critical challenges in repairing oral soft and hard tissue defects are infection control and the recovery of functions. Compared to conventional tissue regeneration methods, nano-bioactive materials have become the optimal materials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are a particular type of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with great potential in tissue regeneration and differentiation. This paper presents a review of the application of various nano-bioactive materials for the induction of differentiation of DMSCs in oral and maxillofacial restorations in recent years, outlining the characteristics of DMSCs, detailing the biological regulatory effects of various nano-materials on stem cells and summarizing the material-induced differentiation of DMSCs into multiple types of tissue-induced regeneration strategies. Nanomaterials are different and complementary to each other. These studies are helpful for the development of new nanoscientific research technology and the clinical transformation of tissue reconstruction technology and provide a theoretical basis for the application of nanomaterial-modified dental implants. We extensively searched for papers related to tissue engineering bioactive constructs based on MSCs and nanomaterials in the databases of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as “mesenchymal stem cells”, “nanotechnology”, “biomaterials”, “dentistry” and “tissue regeneration”. From 2013 to 2023, we selected approximately 150 articles that align with our philosophy.
... The use of modern regenerative techniques, in particular tissue engineering, is a promising approach to the treatment of bone defects and has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers in recent years [4,9]. Thus, the use of cell technologies could overcome osteogenic "insufficiency", which is often found in elderly patients, in whom the body's own resources are not able to restore lost bone tissue [10][11][12]. The angiogenic effect of exosomes would lead to improved blood supply to the developing bone tissue, thereby optimizing the process of osteogenesis [13][14][15]. ...
... Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field aimed at developing new biological approaches to treat a wide range of diseases [12]. The need for tissue engineering techniques in bone regeneration is due to the limited abilities of the human body for correct autoregeneration, especially in comorbid and elderly patients with osteoporosis [10]. ...
At this stage of regenerative medicine development, adipose tissue as a source of stem cells is the choice option due to its availability, a sufficient number of cells and the most painless sampling procedure. The high interest in this product use in scars, wounds and other dermatological diseases treatment is driven by demonstrated positive results in other medical fields. The purpose of this scientific work was to present data on the efficacy and safety of cellular and acellular adipose tissue products use in various skin pathologies treatment. Scientific literature open electronic database PubMed (MEDLINE) was used. The literature data search was carried out using the keywords: regenerative medicine, SVF, scar, skin, dermatology, nanofat, ADSC, exosomes, lipoaspirat. The article presents the results and the rationale of adipose tissue regenerative products use in the most common and most significant skin diseases treatment. Cellular and acellular adipose tissue products use in dermatology and surgery is a safe and promising direction to improve skin quality. For the subsequent effective techniques application further research is needed to assess the systemic effect, as well as the development of standardized protocols for their use.
... Under 3D-neural sphere culture conditions, most of the orofacial MSCs, including DPSC, SHED, GMSCs. SCAPs, PDLSCs, and DFSCs, can aggregate into 3D spheroids with increased expression of neural crest cell markers, e. g. nestin, GFAP, CD271 and SOX-10, and a strong differentiation propensity towards neurons and glial cells [46,71,79,94,[126][127][128]. The neural differentiation capacity of TGSCs has been shown to be unwavering in differentiation quality after cryopreservation, able to retain its level of pluripotency associated gene expression (i.e. ...
Injury to the peripheral nerve causes potential loss of sensory and motor functions, and peripheral nerve repair (PNR) remains a challenging endeavor. The current clinical methods of nerve repair, such as direct suture, autografts, and acellular nerve grafts (ANGs), exhibit their respective disadvantages like nerve tension, donor site morbidity, size mismatch, and immunogenicity. Even though commercially available nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have demonstrated some clinical successes, the overall clinical outcome is still suboptimal, especially for nerve injuries with a large gap (≥ 3 cm) due to the lack of biologics. In the last two decades, the combination of advanced tissue engineering technologies, stem cell biology, and biomaterial science has significantly advanced the generation of a new generation of NGCs incorporated with biological factors or supportive cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which hold great promise to enhance peripheral nerve repair/regeneration (PNR). Orofacial MSCs are emerging as a unique source of MSCs for PNR due to their neural crest-origin and easy accessibility. In this narrative review, we have provided an update on the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury and the properties and biological functions of orofacial MSCs. Then we have highlighted the application of orofacial MSCs in tissue engineering nerve guidance for PNR in various preclinical models and the potential challenges and future directions in this field.
Graphical Abstract
... Bone tissue engineering (BTE) connects engineering, material science, biology, and medicine [16]. Suitable scaffold materials and feasible seed cells are important components [17] for BTE. Stem cells (SCs) have the capacity for multipotent differentiation and self-renewal. ...
Background
Jaw-bone defects caused by various diseases lead to aesthetic and functional complications, which can seriously affect the life quality of patients. Current treatments cannot fully meet the needs of reconstruction of jaw-bone defects. Thus, the research and application of bone tissue engineering are a “hot topic.” As seed cells for engineering of jaw-bone tissue, oral cavity-derived stem cells have been explored and used widely. Models of jaw-bone defect are excellent tools for the study of bone defect repair in vivo. Different types of bone defect repair require different stem cells and bone defect models. This review aimed to better understand the research status of oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration.
Main text
Data were gathered from PubMed searches and references from relevant studies using the search phrases “bone” AND (“PDLSC” OR “DPSC” OR “SCAP” OR “GMSC” OR “SHED” OR “DFSC” OR “ABMSC” OR “TGPC”); (“jaw” OR “alveolar”) AND “bone defect.” We screened studies that focus on “bone formation of oral cavity-derived stem cells” and “jaw bone defect models,” and reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical model of jaw-bone defect models.
Conclusion
The type of cell and animal model should be selected according to the specific research purpose and disease type. This review can provide a foundation for the selection of oral cavity-derived stem cells and defect models in tissue engineering of the jaw bone.
... hDPSCs generate a dentin-like matrix and an odontoblast-like layer when transplanted in conjugation with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate into immunocompromised mice. 2 Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs represents similar matrix proteins associated with mineralized tissue such as alkaline phosphates, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, suggesting a possible resource in the repair and regeneration of bone. 3 A pilot clinical study demonstrated safety and potential efficacy of autologous transplantation of hDPSCs for pulp regeneration in pulpectomized teeth. Implantation of DPSC into the empty root canal resulted in a functional dentin formation in three of five patients with irreversible post-traumatic pulpitis. ...
Background/purpose:
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) possess excellent proliferative and osteogenic differentiation potentials. This study aimed to elucidate the role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
Materials and methods:
hDPSCs were treated with LPA and proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Following the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs using osteogenic medium in the presence or absence of LPA, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity measurements, and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze the osteoblast differentiation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated LPAR3 silencing and extracellular signal-regulated (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying LPA-induced proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs.
Results:
LPA treatment significantly induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The depletion of LPAR3 expression by LPAR3-speicifc siRNA in hDPSCs diminished LPA-induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The LPAR3-mediated proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in response to LPA were significantly suppressed by U0126, a selective inhibitor of ERK.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that LPA induces the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs via LPAR3-ERK-dependent pathways.
... These cells can be harvested from extracted human third molars non-invasively, and are an extremely accessible cell resource for the development of therapeutic approaches. Although DPSCs are less abundant in tissue, they are easy to culture and expand in vitro along with their stemness (14,15). Indeed, accumulating evidence suggests that DPSCs exhibit immense potential in central nervous system repair, stroke recovery, diabetes treatment, muscle regeneration and wound healing (16)(17)(18). ...
Skin wound healing is a common challenging clinical issue which requires advanced treatment strategies. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSC‑Exos) on cutaneous wound healing and the underlying mechanisms. The effects of DPSC‑Exos on cutaneous wound healing in mice were examined by measuring wound closure rates, and using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. A series of functional assays were performed to evaluate the effects of DPSC‑Exos on the angiogenic activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Tandem mass tag‑based quantitative proteomics analysis of DPSCs and DPSC‑Exos was performed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were used to evaluate the biological functions and pathways for the differentially expressed proteins in DPSC‑Exos. Western blot analysis was used to assess the protein levels of cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) and p38 in DPSC‑Exos and in HUVECs subjected to DPSC‑Exos‑induced angiogenesis. SB203580, a p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway inhibitor, was employed to verify the role of the p38 MAPK pathway in vitro and in vivo. Histological and immunohistochemical staining revealed that the DPSC‑Exos accelerated wound healing by promoting neovascularization. The DPSC‑Exos promoted the migration, proliferation and capillary formation capacity of HUVECs. Proteomics data demonstrated that proteins contained in DPSC‑Exos regulated vasculature development and angiogenesis. Pathway analysis revealed that proteins expressed in DPSC‑Exos were involved in several pathways, including MAPK pathway. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the DPSC‑Exos increased the protein levels of Cdc42 and phosphorylation of p38 in HUVECs. SB203580 suppressed the angiogenesis induced by DPSC‑Exos. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that DPSC‑Exos accelerate cutaneous wound healing by enhancing the angiogenic properties of HUVECs via the Cdc42/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
... 3 HDPSCs are a population of mesenchymal stem cells with a high multilineage potential. 4 Due to the ease of extraction, HDPSCs are regarded as a promising resource in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. 5 Naringenin ((2S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a naturally occurring flavanone of the flavonoid family, and is widely found in citrus fruits, including grapefruit, lemon, and orange. ...
Background/purpose
Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavanone in citrus fruits, regulates bone formation by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of naringenin on some biological behaviors of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs).
Materials and methods
HDPSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium and osteo/odontogenic differentiation and mineralization were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. The migration of HDPSCs was evaluated by transwell chemotactic migration assays and scratch wound healing migration assay. Using tooth slice/scaffold model, we assessed the in vivo odontogenic differentiation potential of HDPSCs.
Results
We have demonstrated that naringenin increases the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs through regulation of osteogenic-related proteins and the migratory ability of HDPSCs through stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis. Moreover, naringenin promotes the expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in HDPSCs seeded on tooth slice/scaffolds that are subcutaneously implanted into immunodeficient mice.
Conclusion
Our present study suggests that naringenin promotes migration and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs and may serve as a promising candidate in dental tissue engineering and bone regeneration.
... Reprinted with permission, [137] Copyrights Ó 2016, MDPI Journals Tissue Eng Regen Med organization with intercalation of cells and NMs. Current findings reveal that periodontal tissues possess multi-potent (or dental) stem cells that have the potential for TE (Fig. 24) [142]. ...
... Dental stem cell-based tissue engineering. in vitro 3D tissueengineered construct can be developed by combining dental stem cells with proper 3D cell carrier and bioreactor culture system, and can be applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine[142] Reconstructed from[Kim B-C, Bae H, Kwon I-K, Lee E-J, Park J-H, Khademhosseini A, et al. Osteoblastic/cementoblastic and neural differentiation of dental stem cells and their applications to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. ...
Tissue engineering is a research domain that deals with the growth of various kinds of tissues with the help of synthetic composites. With the culmination of nanotechnology and bioengineering, tissue engineering has emerged as an exciting domain. Recent literature describes its various applications in biomedical and biological sciences, such as facilitating the growth of tissue and organs, gene delivery, biosensor-based detection, etc. It deals with the development of biomimetics to repair, restore, maintain and amplify or strengthen several biological functions at the level of tissue and organs. Herein, the synthesis of nanocomposites based on polymers, along with their classification as conductive hydrogels and bioscaffolds, is comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, their implementation in numerous tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is also described. The limitations of tissue engineering are also discussed here. The present review highlights and summarizes the latest progress in the tissue engineering domain directed at functionalized nanomaterials.
