Density-independent effects. The density-independent factors (captured by E j and Var (E j )) affect growth rates and population density. Note the absence of any feedback loops. The quantity E j − E *

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... diagrams (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 7, 9) can be used to demonstrate how each coexistence mechanism operates. With the exception of density-independent effects (∆E i ), each coexistence mechanism has two features: 1) a negative feedback loop involving population density, and 2) some degree of specialization / exclusivity / ecological differentiation. For example, in ...

Context 2

... value of ∆E i does not depend on any species' density. This represented by the lack of a feedback loop in clearly in Figure 3. Consequentially, one species will have the largest ∆E i , regardless of which species is the invader; if all other terms in the invasion growth rate partition are zero, then all other species in the community will be excluded (Chesson and Huntly, 1997). ...

Context 3

... problem is that in perturbing a species to invader state, intransitive loops (sensu Gallien et al., 2017, Fig. B3) involving the invader are destroyed, which which may cause knock-on extinctions (see Section 2.3). However, intransitive loops among the resident species affect the densities of the those species, and thus the level of competition felt by the invader. It is in this sense that ∆ρ i partially captures the effects of intransitive ...

Context 4

... the exception of ∆E i , all coexistence mechanisms involve a negative feedback loop with population density (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 7, 9). From this perspective, it is not so surprising that ∆ρ, the linear density-dependent effects, will also pick up on latent fluctuation-dependent mechanisms. That is not to say that phenomenological density-dependent models (e.g., Ives et al., 2003) capture all stabilizing mechanisms. Model misspecification goes hand-in-hand ...