Fig 98 - uploaded by Nádia Roque
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Densely puberulent style tip of Pectis brevipedunculata (Gardner) Sch.Bip. with stigmatic surfaces covering adaxial faces of very short style branches.
Source publication
Ed. Vicki A. Funk, Alfonso Susanna, Tod F. Stuessy and Randall J. Bayer
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... For this investigation, a character state was considered taxonomically relevant and selected for further processing if its expression marked morphological discontinuities at supra-specific level. For each such character, unordered categorical states were defined following the terminology by Roque et al. (2009) andBeentje (2010). In cases where a more detailed homology statement was needed due to conflicting or unclear use of character definitions or terms, a description and illustration were included. ...
The Gynoxyoid clade of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) until now included the five gen-era Aequatorium, Gynoxys, Nordenstamia, Paracalia and Paragynoxys as diagnosed using selected morphological characters. In their pre-phylogenetic circumscription, the genera Aequatorium and Paragynoxys were considered to inhabit the northern Andes in contrast to Nordenstamia and Paracalia that occur in the central Andes. The most species-rich genus, Gynoxys, was believed to be distributed throughout the Andes. We use a recently established plastid phylogenomic framework that rendered Gynoxys paraphyletic to further evaluate the delimitation of genera in the Gynoxyoid clade. We examine the morphological variation of all members of the Gynoxyoid to identify characters potentially informative at genus level. This results in a matrix of eleven, mostly multistate characters, including those originally used to diagnose these genera. The ancestral character state inference displays a high level of homoplasy, but nevertheless supports the recognition of four genera. Aequatorium is characterised by white radiate capitula. Paracalia and Paragynoxys share white flowers and floral characteristics, such as flower opening and length of disc flowers lobes, as plesiomorphic states, but differ in habit (scandent shrubs vs. trees). Paracalia also retained white flowers, but its two species are characterised by the absence of outer phyllaries. The genera Gynoxys and Nordenstamia comprise species with yellow capitula which appear to be a derived feature in the Gynoxyoids. The genus Nordenstamia, with eight species, is synonymised under Gynoxys since molecular evidence shows its species nested within various parts of the Gynoxys subclade and the morphological variation of Nordenstamia falls well within that of Gynoxys. With the goal to assign all species to four genera (Aequatorium, Gynoxys, Paracalia and Paragynoxys), we assess the states for the eleven characters for all members of the Gynoxyoids and generate new ETS and ITS sequences for 171 specimens belonging to 49 species to further support their generic placement. We provide a taxonomic treatment for the four genera recognised here including amended diagnoses and morphological descriptions. Furthermore, a species-level taxonomic backbone is elaborated for all genera using electronic tools that list 158 currently accepted names and synonyms (209 names in total) with the respective protologue and type information, as well as notes on the current understanding of species limits. Eleven names are newly synonymised, two are lectotypified and eight are newly transferred to other genera.
... The congested inflorescences of Portulaca were traditionally named capitula (Geesink 1969;Carolin 1987), a concept adopted by Muller-Doblies and Muller-Doblies (1987), of inflorescences with axes shortened in the branching region, as heads. For Endress (2010), heads may be considered a capitulum when they are opened and the first-order axis of the inflorescence is not terminated by a flower, as in Asteraceae (Harris 1999;Roque et al. 2009); on the other hand, it may be considered a cephalioid when it is closed, meaning that the main axis of the inflorescence shows a terminal flower with a dichasial structure. Therefore, the use of the term cephalioid (Muller-Doblies and Muller-Doblies 1987) seems to be more appropriate to describe the congested inflorescences of Portulaca, according to Endress's (2010) delimitation. ...
The inflorescences of Portulacaceae have traditionally been considered capitula and their morphology and architecture have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to expand the knowledge on the inflorescences within this family, comparing members of distinct lineages of Portulaca occurring in Brazil, to understand some systematic and evolutionary patterns within this group. Morphological characteristics of the inflorescences were analyzed using a light stereomicroscope, and for anatomical studies, we made transversal and longitudinal sections along the entire inflorescence, including involucral bracts, analyzing them using an optical microscope. We confirmed that observed inflorescences are determinate, composed of a first-order dichasium, with second-order helicoidal branches forming a cephalioid structure. The involucral leaves differed from adjacent bracts, which did not display a constriction at the base, as commonly observed in leaves. Thus, we conclude that the congested inflorescence of Portulaca is not a capitulum, but a cephalioid with different degrees of branch reduction within the genus. The Pilosa clade displayed the most congested cephalioid compared to members of the other analyzed clades. We present a new interpretation of the congested inflorescences in Portulaca and reinforce the need to analyze solitary inflorescences to understand the importance of these data to the systematics and evolution of Portulacaceae.
... The congested in orescences of Portulaca are called capitula (Geesink 1969;Carolin 1987), a concept adopted by Muller-Doblies and Muller-Doblies (1987), of in orescences with axes shortened in the branching region, as heads. For Endress (2010), heads may be considered a capitulum when they are opened and the rst-order axis of the in orescence is not terminated by a ower, as in Asteraceae (Harris 1999;Roque et al. 2009); on the other hand, it may be considered a cephalioid when it is closed, meaning that the main axis of the in orescence shows a terminal ower with a dichasial structure. Therefore, the use of the term cephalioid (Muller-Doblies and Muller-Doblies 1987) seems to be more appropriate to describr the congested in orescences of Portulaca, according to Endress´s (2010) delimitation. ...
The inflorescences of Portulacaceae have traditionally been considered capitula and their morphology and architecture have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to expand the knowledge on the inflorescences within this family, comparing members of distinct lineages of Portulaca occurring in Brazil, to understand some systematic and evolutionary patterns within this group. Morphological characteristics of the inflorescences were analyzed using a light stereomicroscope, and for anatomical studies, we made transversal and longitudinal sections along the entire inflorescence, including involucral bracts, analyzing them using an optical microscope. We confirmed that observed inflorescences are determinate, composed of a first-order dichasium, with second-order helicoidal branches forming a cephalioid structure. The involucral leaves differed from adjacent bracts, which did not display a constriction at the base, as commonly observed in leaves. Thus, we conclude that the congested inflorescence of Portulaca is not a capitulum, but a cephalioid with different degrees of branch reduction within the genus. The Pilosa clade displayed the most congested cephalioid compared to members of the other analyzed clades. We showed present to show a new interpretation of the congested inflorescences in Portulaca and reinforce the need to analyze solitary inflorescences to understand the importance of these data to systematics, evolution, and pollinator-plant interactions within Portulacaceae.
... A 10−60 × magnification stereomicroscope was used to examine morphological features of the specimens. Terminology follows Harris and Harris (2001) for general morphology, Hickey (1973) for leaf shape, and Roque et al. (2009) and Loeuille et al. (2019) for specific terms. ...
Lychnophora pseudovillosissima, a new species from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is here described and illustrated. The new species is unique because of the combination of petiolate linear leaves with revolute margins, reticulodromous venation,
and 3–5 florets per capitulum. The new species is compared to a morphologically simi-
lar species, L. villosissima, resembling in habit, leaves, venation, and number of florets
per capitulum, but differing by the shape and size of the leaf and petiole. Both species
may occur sympatrically, but are uniform in their morphology with diagnostic features
that differentiate them. Accompanying the description and the illustration, we provide a photographic plate, a first assessment of the species’ conservation status, as well as comments on the geographic distribution, ecology, and identification of the new species.
... También se realizó un análisis morfológico de material fresco, conservado en alcohol etílico al 70% (en espíritu) y herborizado, complementado con observaciones hechas durante expediciones de campo en el periodo 2010-2019. Con la finalidad de hacer más accesible la clave generada, se definieron de manera sencilla los caracteres empleados en el reconocimiento tribal, tomando como referencia la terminología del glosario ilustrado de Compositae (Roque et al., 2009), optando por incluir fotografías de aquellas estructuras o características que podrían resultar confusas para el lector no especializado en la familia. ...
... Calenduleae y algunas Millerieae). Aun cuando Roque et al. (2009) consideraron que Baccharis L. tenía cabezuelas disciformes, aunque contienen únicamente flores femeninas o masculinas, en el presente trabajo se denominan homógamas; tal y como sugirieron Heiden y Bonifacino (2021). ...
... El involucro es el conjunto de brácteas, llamadas filarios o brácteas involucrales, que rodean las flores en una cabezuela (Roque et al., 2009). Dependiendo del número de series que lo integren se reconocen tres tipos: uniseriado (p. ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
La clasificación de Asteraceae ha cambiado considerablemente en las últimas dos décadas debido al uso de herramientas moleculares y microcaracteres que, al ser analizados en conjunto con datos morfológicos, han permitido no solo esclarecer las relaciones filogenéticas, sino también segregar y reconocer nuevas subfamilias y tribus. Los objetivos de este trabajo son presentar una clave de identificación para las tribus de Asteraceae nativas e introducidas en México e ilustrar sus principales caracteres diagnósticos.
Métodos:
A partir de una revisión bibliográfica, de la observación de material fresco y herborizado, se recopilaron las características distintivas de las tribus de Asteraceae nativas e introducidas que se encuentran en México. Empleando un microscopio estereoscópico con cámara incluida se fotografiaron estructuras en las que se aprecian los principales caracteres de cada tribu.
Resultados clave:
Las características esenciales que permiten reconocer las 26 tribus de Asteraceae con presencia en México están en las cabezuelas. El tipo de flores, la forma, orientación e indumento de las ramas del estilo, el ápice, la base y forma del collar de las anteras, la forma de las cipselas, presencia o ausencia de fitomelanina en las cipselas, así como la simetría, persistencia y tipo de elementos que integran el vilano, son los más importantes.
Conclusiones:
Por primera vez se presentan las características de las cabezuelas para las 26 tribus de Asteraceae que se distribuyen en México, además de los órganos asociados a ellas como son involucro, filarios, receptáculo, páleas, flores periféricas, flores centrales, androceo, estilo, cipselas y vilano. Dichas estructuras están descritas de manera sencilla e ilustradas con fotografías de material in vivo, herborizado o conservado en espíritu, destacando los caracteres diagnósticos de cada tribu, la morfología más común, así como las excepciones que ocurren en algunos de sus miembros.
... The formation of the capitulum involved the aggregation of several novel morphologies (Harris, 1999;Jeffrey, 2009;Broholm et al., 2014;Zhao et al., 2020;. Based on the composition and shape of the flowers of capitula (which are usually called florets), they can be classified as radiate, disciform, discoid and ligulate (Leppik, 1977;Roque et al., 2009;Chen et al., 2018). The discoid and ligulate capitula are both composed of monomorphic florets, the former having actinomorphic bisexual florets and the latter having zygomorphic bisexual florets. ...
Morphological novelties, including formation of trait combinations, may result from de novo gene origination and/or co‐option of existing genes into other developmental contexts. A variety of shape–color combinations of capitular florets occur in Chrysanthemum and its allies. We hypothesized that co‐option of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene into the floral symmetry gene network would generate a white zygomorphic ray floret.
We tested this hypothesis in an evolutionary context using species in Chrysanthemum sensu lato, a monophyletic group with diverse floral shape–color combinations, based on morphological investigation, interspecific crossing, molecular interaction and transgenic experiments.
Our results showed that white color was significantly associated with floret zygomorphy. Specific expression of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene CCD4a in marginal florets resulted in white color. Crossing experiments between Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium and Ajania pacifica indicated that expression of CCD4a is trans‐regulated. The floral symmetry regulator CYC2g can activate expression of CCD4a with a dependence on TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING (TCP) binding element 8 on the CCD4a promoter.
Based on all experimental findings, we propose that gene co‐option of carotenoid degradation into floral symmetry regulation, and the subsequent dysfunction or loss of either CYC2g or CCD4a, may have led to evolution of capitular shape–color patterning in Chrysanthemum sensu lato.
... Character measurements reported are derived from 1-6 samples per specimen and from 3-5 specimens. Morphological terminology mostly follows Stearn (1992) and Roque et al. (2009). ...
Background: A taxonomic revision of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) is ongoing. A previous botanical survey of the Avontuur Nature Reserve on the Bokkeveld Plateau, Northern Cape, located a potentially unnamed Arctotis taxon associated with seasonally wet sites.Objectives: To compare the morphology of the Arctotis from the Avontuur Nature Reserve with morphologically comparable species of Arctotis and to determine its taxonomic status.Method: The morphology of fresh collections, herbarium specimens, and relevant type material was examined. All relevant literature was consulted.Results: The Avontuur Arctotis is morphologically distinct from A. acaulis L. var. acaulis, A. acaulis var. undulata DC. and A. verbascifolia Harv.Conclusion: Arctotis gazanioides R.J.McKenzie & Helme is described as a new species distinguished by its branching rhizomatous root system with abundant fibrous adventitious roots, and discolorous leaves that are simple lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, or pinnatisect with a lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic terminal lobe.
... Capitulum morphological measurements were based on rehydrated herbarium material, observed in a 10-60 × magnification stereomicroscope. Terminology follows Harris and Harris (2001) for general morphology and Hickey (1973) for leaf shape, as well as King and Robinson (1987), Ritter and Miotto (2005), Roque et al. (2009) and Oliveira et al. (2016) for specific terms. Mikania candolleana measurements and distribution were extracted from Barroso (1959) as well as digital type images available at JSTOR Global Plants (<https://plants.jstor.org/>). ...
A new species, Mikania mellosilvae, from Bahia and Minas Gerais States, is described and illustrated. Until now, herbarium material of this species has been misidentified, as well as in articles referring to the collections, as Mikania candolleana Gardner. The similarities and differences between the two taxa are discussed. Although both species share a lianescent habit, similar leaf shape and inflorescence structure, they differ mainly in the leaf base form, stem indumentum, peduncle and flower measurements and by their geographical distribution, as M. mellosilvae is endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain and M. candolleana is endemic to the Cerrado domain, both in eastern Brazil. We also provide a distribution map for both species, a lectotypification for the name M. candolleana, as well as a detailed description of the new taxon, along with illustrations including habitat pictures, a preliminary conservation assessment and comments on its ecology.
... Measurements to elaborate the comparative tables were obtained from Flora do Brasil (2020), Nakajima (2000), and specimens analyzed at the SPF herbarium. The terminology used to describe two-dimensional shapes followed Hickey (1973), general morphology followed Beentje (2010) and Harris & Harris (2001); specific Asteraceae terms followed Roque et al. (2009). The distribution map was produced in QGIS v.3.0.1 (QGIS Development Team 2018). ...
Background -Recent collection efforts in Serra do Padre Ângelo, Pico da Aliança, and Sete Salões State Park, all located in the state of Minas Gerais, have uncovered many botanical and zoological novelties. The region is an outlying campos rupestres area inserted in the Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain, with its flora mostly related to that of the core campos rupestres area in the Espinhaço Range. Three species of Asteraceae, one of the most representative families in the campos rupestres, have been recently described for the area. Here we report two new species from the genera Lepidaploa and Lessingianthus and one range extension in Lessingianthus, both from subtribe Lepidaploinae. Methods-This study was based on specimens from the herbaria HUFU, MBML, SPF, UFP, and on field observations. Morphological observations and measures were taken following standard practices. Preliminary conservation assessments are based on field observations and spatial analyses (i.e. extent of occurrence, area of occupancy), following IUCN guidelines and criteria. Results-Two new species are described: Lepidaploa campirupestris, related to Lepidaploa aurea, differing from the latter by leaf indumentum, pedunculate heads, and number of florets; and Lessingianthus petraeus, related to Lessingianthus adenophyllus, but differing by leaf position and leaf blade morphology. We also report a range extension for Lessingianthus squamosus, previously known only for the state of Espírito Santo, ca 200 km away. Our results shed light on the interesting biogeography of the region, which mostly contains components of other campos rupestres areas intermixed with typical inselberg vegetation. It also highlights the importance of compiling floristic inventories in poorly collected localities and the need for conservation strategies for this biodiverse region.
... The morphological description of the dried specimens was made using stereomicroscope and the colors were based on images of the living plant. The terminology used in the description is standardized according to Radford et al. (1974) and Roque et al. (2009 Description:-Treelet, ca. 1.3 m tall, erect, habit ericoid, stem highly branched, branches 0.25-0.28 ...
Lychnophora osanyiniana is a new species from “campos rupestres”, a Brazilian savanna ecosystem constantly threatened by agriculture and mining, despite it having a high number of plant species, particularly endemic and microendemic species. The new species was collected from Sítio Serra da Rita, Serra dos Alves, municipality of Itabira, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The species is recognized by its glomerulate capitulescence with subinvolucral bracts surrounding sessile heads, giving the appearance of a single head. Another distinct character, although it is not exclusive, is an uniseriate pappus, shared by just three species, Lychnophora grisea, L. haplopappa and L. uniflora, of which only L. haplopappa has similar habit, becoming the closest species.
