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Due to rapid growth of demanding data rate, many emerged technologies has been developed for wireless communication. Consequently, the perspective of network design has been shifted to new scale, wherein massive number of machines and people can be handled. Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) represents the bottleneck of 5G system capacity. In this paper,...
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Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) is a promising candidate to support the requirements of the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks. However, the capacity of the fronthaul network dramatically influences its performance. While wired fronthaul links can be seen as the optimal choice, they may not be practically feasib...
Citations
... The 5G technology will have a user-centric approach, where the tele-communication operators will introduced in emerging new applications which provide continual, versatile, seamless, and pervasive mobile experience at the end [26]. These applications will also develop more personalized data and context-aware, can recognize the user identification and location which will be preferable by the user. ...
... The 5G will emerge into all element of our forthcoming society and generate user-centred information. It breaks the limitations of space and time for enabling an immersive and interactive experience along with users [26]. Furthermore, it also shortens the space among humans and things. ...
Fog computing is the most powerful technique for real-time data gathering, processing, decision-making, storage, and operation. Fog computing architecture is referred to the distributed architecture over the geographical area. It allows the users to communicate flexibly and efficiently and provides a storage service for managing the data. The review’s primary objective is to deliver a systematic review of the research on fog computing in 5G wireless technologies. It gives a novel paradigm to overcome the challenges faced by Cloud computing. Cloud-to-end-device distance creates latency in content delivery applications. Fog enables resources and applications outside of the Cloud, with edge networks, and closer to its end devices. Different computing paradigms are already exists from Cloud to edge which forms a unique ecosystem with different architecture, storage, and processing. Developing fog computing applications and implementing fog services like resource management, security, latency, energy usage, and traffic modelling have become more popular in recent years. This article presents the systematic literature review on Fog computing in 5G wireless technology. It critically analyses the various requirements of 5G technologies. We also review the various similar and different characteristics of the Cloud, Fog, and Edge computing. Also, the research challenges faced by Fog computing with 5G technology is analysed and the suitable solutions are presented for further research.
... Regarding specialized works focusing on ultra-dense deployments targeting high frequency bands and involving mobile users, this work contrasts with the primarily 2D (i.e. planar) focus observed in notable surveys such as [31] and [32]. As a further step, unlike the homogeneous assumptions prevalent in prior studies [31], [32], we investigate the inhomogeneous PPPs for a more realistic and nuanced view of network deployments. ...
... planar) focus observed in notable surveys such as [31] and [32]. As a further step, unlike the homogeneous assumptions prevalent in prior studies [31], [32], we investigate the inhomogeneous PPPs for a more realistic and nuanced view of network deployments. In addition, this approach allows for a more detailed exploration of network reliability and service quality under varied urban densities and user mobility. ...
Towards supporting a myriad of new services and applications under highly heterogeneous operating conditions, while dynamically adapting to capacity and quality-of-service (QoS) demands, the sixth generation (6G) communication systems are required to undergo significant advances. Along with the proliferation of devices, a multitude of challenges remain towards aspired performance, versatility, security, and cost-effectiveness of next generation networks. The aim of this work is to identify said challenges and promising approaches, within the scenario of dense and complex urban deployments enabled by optical-wireless coexistence. Towards enabling such operation scenario, our 6G vision focuses on various aspects of four main innovation paradigms. First, as future systems target network capacities beyond the capabilities of current technologies, the scientific trend of pursuing radio frequencies edging towards the THz domain continues. To ensure reliable and efficient deployment and mobility under the cell densification paradigm, particularly in complex urban environments, novel approaches are required to address the challenges as latency, signal blockages, and unreliable handovers. Second, towards enabling efficient operation under the heterogeneous scenario, we highlight the cooperative coexistence paradigm as a key feature of the underlying physical layer architecture. Third, joint and holistic resource optimization is required towards dynamically optimized support of mm-wave and sub-THz operation while retaining legacy coexistence, where we consider features that may benefit from the research paths proposed within the second paradigm. Fourth, network security is identified as critical towards the market adoption of technologies proposed within the first paradigm, where we highlight aspects unique to our scenario and network vision. We provide a comprehensive overview of promising state-of-the-art approaches and identify relevant research gaps while holistically addressing the four aforementioned innovation paradigms.
... The convenient UDNs scenarios are apartments, stadiums, offices, campuses, subways, and residential areas. A wide range of services will be available for each scenario, including HD-TV, online gaming, virtual reality, augmented reality, live video streaming, video conferencing, cloud storage, high-definition image upload/download, intelligent home control, etc. [114,115]. UDN's fundamental structure is defined in terms of SC or density of the access point, where the number of serving access points (AP) is equal to or more than the users' number [116]. The general configuration of the suggested B5G UDNs is illustrated in Figure 11. ...
... Overhead signaling is required for cell coordination. The coordination of interference is a sophisticated challenge in UDNs because of the varying BS density, which causes dominant interference in some BSs [115]. As a result, joint IM and handover among different networks while taking into consideration SE and EE require more research. ...
Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) networks are expected to be the most efficient cellular wireless networks with greater capacity, lower latency, and higher speed than the current networks. Key enabling technologies, such as millimeter-wave (mm-wave), beamforming, Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (M-MIMO), Device-to-Device (D2D), Relay Node (RN), and Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are essential to enable the new network to keep growing. In the forthcoming wireless networks with massive random deployment, frequency re-use strategies and multiple low power nodes, severe interference issues will impact the system. Consequently, interference management represents the main challenge for future wireless networks, commonly referred to as B5G. This paper provides an overview of the interference issues relating to the B5G networks from the perspective of HetNets, D2D, Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, the existing interference mitigation techniques are discussed by reviewing the latest relevant studies with a focus on their methods, advantages, limitations, and future directions. Moreover, the open issues and future directions to reduce the effects of interference are also presented. The findings of this work can act as a guide to better understand the current and developing methodologies to mitigate the interference issues in B5G networks.
One major influence on the future deployment of cellular networks will be a continuous increase in traffic inside mobile broadband systems. Moreover, traditional macrocell-based mobile communication networks will struggle to keep up with the enormous expansion in the demand for communications services in the future. Densification of networks is required if we are to meet the comprehensive needs for end terminals for a wide range of applications. One of the leading concepts in this competitive environment is the Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) where the access nodes and/or the communication links per unit area are densified, with the aim of improving overall network performance. The location of the UDN nodes meets the criteria for symmetry with a high probability. Ultra-dense cell deployment aims to reduce the physical distance between the transmitter and receiver in order to boost system performance and generally optimize the values of a wide variety of key performance indicators (KPIs). This paper aims to provide a taxonomy of UDNs and specifically of UDN-related KPIs. Initially, we address the complex questions “What is the current understanding of what ultra-dense networks are and what they should be, and how can we measure their performance?” by shedding light on the fundamental characteristics of UDNs.
