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Dengue cases and dengue fatal cases reported in Brazil in 30 years (1986 to 2015). The bars show the number of dengue cases reported. The numbers of deaths are shown in lines and y axis to the right. The colored squares demonstrate the introduction and re-emergence of the distinct dengue serotypes
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Background
Over the last 30 years, extensive dengue epidemics have occurred in Brazil, characterized by emergences and re-emergences of different serotypes, a change in the epidemiological profile and an increase in the number of severe and fatal cases. Here, we present a review on the dengue fatal cases that occurred in Brazil in 30 years (1986–20...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... to other states [12]. Five fatal cases were confirmed in 1986. DENV-2 was detected, for the first time in RJ, in 1990 [13], when the first DHF/SCD cases occurred (n = 8). In the following years, DENV-1 and DENV-2 co-circulated and caused epidemics throughout the country [14] . Through 1999, a total of 75 fatal cases were reported (1991- 1999), Fig. ...
Context 2
... years after its introduction, DENV-2 reemerged in 2007 causing a major epidemic in 2008, with a higher proportion of DHF, more than double the number of cases reported in previous years [18]. A total of 561 deaths, mainly caused by this serotype, were reported only in that year (Fig. 1A). Oliveira et al. [19] observed that the DENV-2 emerged in the 2008 epidemic was genetically different from the strain introduced in 1990, and despite belonging to the same genotype, those viruses were considered a new lineage (Lineage II). Studies by Faria et al. [20] concluded that there were no nucleotide changes between the two ...
Citations
... Durante el periodo estudiado, el grupo de edad con mayor cantidad de casos en general fue el de 10 a 14 años, lo que guarda cierta relación con la observación de que la incidencia más alta se registra, generalmente, a la edad de 15 años. 25,26 En México se observó una mayor cantidad de casos de dengue en personas de 10 a 14 años en comparación con otras edades. Un dato relevante es que casi el 50% de las muestras confirmadas fueron serotipificadas, lo que proporciona un fundamento general para establecer o continuar con las medidas de prevención destinadas a controlar la enfermedad y su propagación. ...
... Nesse mesmo ano, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) alertou sobre a importância de combater o vírus Zika e suas consequências, considerando-o uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional. Além dos vírus mencionados, outras variantes transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti foram recentemente descobertas, aumentando as chances de sua chegada ao Brasil no futuro (Kasprzykowski et al., 2020;Nunes et al., 2019;Mustafa et al., 2015. Foram também observadas diversas lacunas representadas pelos anos de 1993,1994, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016 e 2018, que não tiveram registros de depósitos. ...
Observa-se que muitas empresas e instituições de pesquisas vêm atuando no desenvolvimento de tecnologias mais sustentáveis de combate e controle do mosquito Aedes aegypti, por meio do desenvolvimento de armadilhas contendo substâncias atrativas orgânicas para potencializar essa atratividade. E uma dessas possibilidades é a glicerina industrial residual. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o cenário tecnológico do uso de glicerina em estratégias contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti, através de prospecção patentária, utilizando a ferramenta de recuperação gratuita de patentes de cobertura internacional, The Lens. Os códigos CPC das patentes estudadas indicaram principalmente o desenvolvimento de substâncias biocidas, repelentes e atrativas a base de glicerina. E que a glicerina vem sendo bastante utilizada por empresas e instituições em estratégias contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti, podendo se tornar um potencial produto orgânico atrativo utilizado em armadilhas de monitoramento.
... However, co-circulation of two, three, and even all four serotypes was observed in some seasons in the same Argentinian region, even though not always in the same locality or department. The circulation of different serotypes over time poses a higher risk of severe dengue and fatality in the future, as suggested by some authors [39,40], and it was considered one of the five criteria for identifying populations at risk of severe dengue by departments in Argentina in a study by Varela et al. [21]. ...
Background: Dengue is an important public health problem in Argentina, as in many other countries. We reviewed and updated information on the dengue disease burden in Argentina over a 10-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 2010 to 2020 based on data from the National Health Surveillance System. The main outcomes included dengue cases, incidence rates, deaths, and serotype distribution by season, age group, and region. Results: A total of 109,998 confirmed cases of dengue were reported. Seasonality stands out, prevailing during summer and autumn. Two main outbreaks (seasons 2015/16 and 2019/20), with increasing magnitude, were observed. The 2019/20 season showed the highest number of cases (58,731) and incidence rate (135/100,000). The Northeast region had the highest number of cases and incidence rate. In 2020, for the first time, autochthonous cases were registered in the Cuyo region. The only region with no autochthonous cases was the South. Adolescents and young adults showed the highest incidence rate. The case fatality rate for the period was 0.05%. Four serotypes circulated, but the predominant one was DEN-1 (78%). Conclusions: Dengue has been expanding temporally and spatially. Although the DEN-1 serotype widely predominated, the increasing circulation of other serotypes raises concerns regarding re-exposure and the severity of future cases. Understanding epidemiological trends is key to defining public prevention and control policies.
... We calibrated our model to a hyperendemic scenario with continuous co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes. However, these viruses have been emerging and re-emerging in Brazil only in the last 40 years 52 . From re-emergence to hyperendemicity, the accumulation of immunity over multiple dengue epidemics has been proposed as an explanation for secular reductions in the age of reported cases 53 . ...
In 2015, the Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in Brazil, leading to widespread outbreaks in Latin America. Following this, many countries in these regions reported a significant drop in the circulation of dengue virus (DENV), which resurged in 2018-2019. We examine age-specific incidence data to investigate changes in DENV epidemiology before and after the emergence of ZIKV. We observe that incidence of DENV was concentrated in younger individuals during resurgence compared to 2013-2015. This trend was more pronounced in Brazilian states that had experienced larger ZIKV outbreaks. Using a mathematical model, we show that ZIKV-induced cross-protection alone, often invoked to explain DENV decline across Latin America, cannot explain the observed age-shift without also assuming some form of disease enhancement. Our results suggest that a sudden accumulation of population-level immunity to ZIKV could suppress DENV and reduce the mean age of DENV incidence via both protective and disease-enhancing interactions.
... Mosquito-borne arboviruses are high burdens for the public health systems around the world, with dengue being the most epidemiologically relevant urban arbovirus in the Americas (Ministério da Saúde, 2017). The two decades following 1995 marked the continent with more than 18 million cases, of which 14 million occurred in South America and 55% of the total were in Brazil (Nunes et al., 2019). Dengue is a neglected arbovirus with four known serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 (Culshaw et al., 2017). ...
... As a reflection of the increasingly significant epidemiological situation in the rest of the continent and country (Nunes et al., 2019), the municipality of Contagem, located in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, has had important epidemic dengue episodes for the last decade. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a challenge for health systems, straining available material and personal resources, interfering with other surveillance and control programs. Dengue is epidemiologically the most relevant urban arbovirus of Latin America, being endemic in the metropolitan municipality of Contagem in Minas Gerais State, southeast region of Brazil. This is an ecological study that aimed to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on dengue control and surveillance in Contagem in the year of 2020. In 2020, the municipality presented more dengue cases than expected for non-epidemic years, with a sharp decline from epidemiological week 11 onwards, coinciding with the increase in COVID-19 cases. There was also a reduction in vector control, with the national suspension of the second Survey of Rapid Infestation Index of Aedes aegypti and a significant decrease in the installation of oviposition traps, properties visited for monitoring and that received focal treatment. Our results and the difficulties observed in different instances of dengue control corroborate the hypothesis of weakening of the surveillance program and possible underreporting of dengue cases as a result of the COVID-19 emergency. KEY WORDS: COVID-19; dengue; epidemiology; syndemic; public health surveillance.
... After DENV-1 and DENV-4 were introduced in Brazil in 1980, DENV-2 in 1990, DENV-3 in 2000 and DENV-4 reemerged in 2010, the four serotypes remained dispersed in Brazil. Epidemics related to subsequential reemergence of the four circulating serotypes have led to enhanced frequency of severe cases, especially after DENV-2 introduction and, has ultimately propitiated virus evolution (Figueiredo et al., 2008;Drumond et al., 2013;Nunes et al., 2019). ...
DENV-2 was the main responsible for a 70% increase in dengue incidence in Brazil during 2019. That year, our metagenomic study by Illumina NextSeq on serum samples from acute febrile patients (n = 92) with suspected arbovirus infection, sampled in 22 cities of the state of Mato Grosso (MT), in the middle west of Brazil, revealed eight complete genomes and two near-complete sequences of DENV-2 genotype III, one Human parvovirus B19 genotype I (5,391 nt) and one Coxsackievirus A6 lineage D (4,514 nt). These sequences share the aminoacidic identities of BR4 lineage on E protein domains I, II and III, and were included in a clade with sequences of the same lineage circulating in the southeast of Brazil in the same year. Nevertheless, 11/34 non-synonymous mutations are unique to three strains inthis study, distributed in the E (n = 6), NS3 (n = 2) and NS5 (n = 3) proteins. Other 14 aa changes on C (n = 1), E (n = 3), NS1 (n = 2), NS2A (n = 1) and NS5 (n = 7) were first reported in a genotype III lineage, having been already reported only in other DENV-2 genotypes. All 10 sequences have mutations in the NS5 protein (14 different aa changes), when compared with the respective reference sequences. Nine E protein aa changes, six of which are unique, found in two sequences, are in the ectodomain; where the E:M272T change is on the hinge of the E protein at domain II, in a region critical for the anchoring to the host cell receptor. Additionally, the NS5:G81R mutation, in the methyltransferase domain, was found in one strain of this study. Altogether, the datapoints to an important evolution of DENV-2 genotype III lineage BR4 during this outbreak in 2019 in MT. Genomic surveillance is essential to detect virus etiology and evolution in the population, possibly related to immune evasion and viral fitness changes leading to future novel outbreaks.
... To accomplish this, the time series data from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed, revealing a pattern of dengue outbreaks with three consecutive epidemics in 2011, 2012, and 2013, which were of greater intensity than the two consecutive epidemics in 2015 and 2016 [5,6]. It is likely that the circulation of chikungunya and Zika during 2014 and 2015 had an impact on the magnitude of dengue epidemics in the state. ...
... It is likely that the circulation of chikungunya and Zika during 2014 and 2015 had an impact on the magnitude of dengue epidemics in the state. In fact, during the period of 2015-2019, the Rio de Janeiro state had a complex scenario with the simultaneous circulation of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and Yellow Fever [5,6,[27][28][29]. It is noteworthy that the period from Our results revealed similarities between dengue and Zika in terms of population and population density within their higher-risk clusters. ...
Dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) virus infections are widespread throughout the Rio de Janeiro state. The co-circulation of these emergent arboviruses constitutes a serious public health problem, resulting in outbreaks that can spatially and temporally overlap. Environmental conditions favor the presence, maintenance, and expansion of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of these urban arboviruses. This study assessed the detection of clusters of urban arboviruses in the Rio de Janeiro state from 2010 to 2019. Notified cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika were grouped by year according to the onset of symptoms and their municipality of residence. The study period recorded the highest number of dengue epidemics in the state along with the simultaneous circulation of chikungunya and Zika viruses. The analyzes showed that the central municipalities of the metropolitan regions were associated with higher risk areas. Central municipalities in metropolitan regions were the first most likely clusters for dengue and Zika, and the second most likely cluster for chikungunya. Furthermore, the northwest and north regions were comprised clusters with the highest relative risk for the three arboviruses, underscoring the impact of these arboviruses in less densely populated regions of Brazil. The identification of high-risk areas over time highlights the need for effective control measures, targeted prevention and control interventions for these urban arboviral diseases.
... Some "intruders" in Table 2 demonstrate how topics are influenced by the year in which projects were designed. For example, "dengue disease" is the seventh most common topic among all projects but became significantly more frequent in the 2010s due to an increase in cases in Brazil (Nunes et al., 2019). "Covid-19", which became relevant globally, was the fourth most common topic in 2019-2022 Table 3, "dengue disease", is more relevant to students from two regions (Northeast and Central West), which historically have had the highest incidence per capita of the disease (Catão & Guimarães, 2011). ...
... For example, "dengue disease" is the seventh most common topic among all projects but became significantly more frequent in the 2010s due to an increase in cases in Brazil (Nunes et al., 2019). "Covid-19", which became relevant globally, was the fourth most common topic in 2019-2022 Table 3, "dengue disease", is more relevant to students from two regions (Northeast and Central West), which historically have had the highest incidence per capita of the disease (Catão & Guimarães, 2011). ...
Science and Engineering fairs offer K-12 students opportunities to engage with authentic STEM practices. Particularly, students are given the chance to experience authentic and open inquiry processes, by defining which themes, questions and approaches will guide their scientific endeavors. In this study, we analyzed data from over 5,000 projects presented at a nationwide science fair in Brazil over the past 20 years using topic modeling to identify the main topics that have driven students' inquiry and design. Our analysis identified a broad range of topics being explored, with significant variations over time, region, and school setting. We argue those results and proposed methodology can not only support further research in the context of science fairs, but also inform instruction and design of contexts-specific resources to support students in open inquiry experiences in different settings.
... Some "intruders" in Table 2 demonstrate how topics are influenced by the year in which projects were designed. For example, "dengue disease" is the seventh most common topic among all projects but became significantly more frequent in the 2010s due to an increase in cases in Brazil (Nunes et al., 2019). "Covid-19", which became relevant globally, was the fourth most common topic in 2019-2022 Table 3, "dengue disease", is more relevant to students from two regions (Northeast and Central West), which historically have had the highest incidence per capita of the disease (Catão & Guimarães, 2011). ...
... For example, "dengue disease" is the seventh most common topic among all projects but became significantly more frequent in the 2010s due to an increase in cases in Brazil (Nunes et al., 2019). "Covid-19", which became relevant globally, was the fourth most common topic in 2019-2022 Table 3, "dengue disease", is more relevant to students from two regions (Northeast and Central West), which historically have had the highest incidence per capita of the disease (Catão & Guimarães, 2011). ...
Science and Engineering fairs offer K-12 students opportunities to engage with authentic STEM practices. Particularly, students are given the chance to experience authentic and open inquiry processes, by defining which themes, questions and approaches will guide their scientific endeavors. In this study, we analyzed data from over 5,000 projects presented at a nationwide science fair in Brazil over the past 20 years using topic modeling to identify the main topics that have driven students' inquiry and design. Our analysis identified a broad range of topics being explored, with significant variations over time, region, and school setting. We argue those results and proposed methodology can not only support further research in the context of science fairs, but also inform instruction and design of contexts-specific resources to support students in open inquiry experiences in different settings.
... We calibrated our model to a hyperendemic scenario with continuous co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes. However, these viruses have been emerging and re-emerging in Brazil only in the last 40 years (Nunes et al. 2019). From re-emergence to hyperendemicity, the accumulation of immunity over multiple dengue epidemics has been proposed as an explanation for secular reductions in the age of reported cases (Rodriguez-Barraquer et al. 2011). ...
The Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in Brazil in 2015, causing large outbreaks across South America and the Caribbean. In the years that followed, many countries in these areas reported exceptionally low circulation of Dengue virus (DENV), which later resurged in 2018-2019. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain low DENV transmission, yet no consensus has been reached so far. We show that while short-term cross-protection induced by ZIKV can explain the temporary disappearance of DENV, it also predicts, in contrast with observations, a rising mean age of DENV incidence in the post-ZIKV era. We further demonstrate that disease enhancement of DENV, especially in primary infections in ZIKV-positive hosts, is required to remedy these shortfalls. Our results suggest that both population-level immunity to DENV and ZIKV contributed positively to the reduction in mean age of DENV incidence.
