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Demonstration of laser Doppler imaging of the oval-shaped site of testing formed by the inner margins of lateral and medial strips of tape. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229386.g002
Source publication
Background
Kinesiology taping (KT) is used in musculoskeletal practice for preventive and rehabilitative purposes. It is claimed that KT improves blood flow in the microcirculation by creating skin convolutions and that this reduces swelling and facilitates healing of musculoskeletal injuries. There is a paucity of physiological studies evaluating...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... laboratory environment was low-level lighting to avoid interference with the laser Doppler with the ambient temperature recorded between 22˚C-24˚C during experimental sessions [30,32,48,49]. Measurements of cutaneous blood perfusion were taken with participants sitting comfortably in a long sitting posture on a plinth positioned adjacent to the LDI (Fig 2). Measurements of cutaneous blood perfusion were taken before the intervention (1x pre-intervention), with the intervention applied (4 x during-intervention with the tape in situ), and then after the intervention removed (1 x post-intervention after the removal of tape) (Fig 3). ...
Context 2
... measurement scan lasted 2 minutes and 2 seconds. The individual in this manuscript (Fig 2) has given written informed consent (as outlined in PLOS consent form) to publish these case details. ...
Context 3
... dual wavelength LDI system comprising of visible-red (633 nm) and infrared (830 nm) wavelengths (Fig 2) (MoorLDI2-2λ™, Moor Instruments Ltd., Devon, UK) was used to measure cutaneous blood perfusion at the ventral surface of the forearm. The principles of LDI have been described previously [38,42,48,50,51]. ...
Context 4
... scan area for imaging was 2.8 cm x 2.8 cm (96 x 96 pixels, scan time 10 ms/pixel) and centred in the oval-shaped area of exposed skin created by the inside margins of the taping intervention (Fig 2). The image resolution was set as 96x and 96y and general scan settings including calibration were set as per manufacturer recommendations for bandwidth, gain levels, spatial correction and background threshold with the distance between the detector and forearm tissue set at 23 cm. ...
Context 5
... middle section of each of the split-halves of kinesiology tape, i.e., approximately 10 cm length, 2.5 cm width, were stretched by 4 cm to achieve approximately 40% of the original length (length after stretching = approximately 14.0 cm) and attached to the skin following the medial and lateral borders of the forearm. This formed an oval shaped area with the lower end of the tape, i.e., 5 cm length, 2.5 cm width, applied offtension (Fig 2). A measurement tape was used to standardise the length of stretch of kinesiology taping. ...
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Citations
... This, in turn, increases the space between muscle and skin, improves blood and lymph circulation, increases joint movement, and enhances muscle activation and re-education. The overlapping of KT can [14] also increase stability. Ÿ After KT application for TA, EHL and EDL, PNF diagonal patterns with contract-relax technique were used. ...
INTRODUCTION: STROKE is dened as an abrupt onset of a focal neurological decit [1] which can cause prolonged disability or even death worldwide. It is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, which can include cerebral infarction, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and [2] subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In India, the most common risk factors for stroke are obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, [3] hypertension, and a sedentary lifestyle. The foot and ankle plays an important role in walking by providing [4] momentum, shock absorption and balance control. A spastic foot is characterized by foot drop, which refers to the inability to raise front part of the ankle and toes, resulting in decreased ankle range of motion. It is typically caused by common peroneal nerve or muscle damage, brain/spinal disorders. This can cause the bodyweight to shift towards the non-paretic side, leading to an asymmetric weight distribution and [5] reduced balance Decits in foot and ankle proprioception can also. [6] impair balance. Balance impairment is one of the common problem in [2] stroke subjects that affects their activities of daily life. Physiotherapy can help to manage foot drop through electrical stimulations, [5] stretching's, ankle foot orthosis (AFO), and strengthening exercises. KT has become an adjunct treatment to rehabilitation programs for [5] various conditions. It was introduced by Kenzo Kase and involves applying appropriate tension along elastic therapeutic tape while [2] stretching the target muscle. Main benets of kinesiotaping is its low [5] cost and easy application. It can be used to support weak muscles, relax overstretching muscles, reduce pain, control muscle tone, [2] increase range of motion, and improve balance. Spasticity is a common complication of stroke that can negatively affect the balance. It occurs when there is an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory impulses in the body. A study by Wissel et al. found that 25% of stroke subjects experience spasticity within the rst six weeks after the stroke. Spasticity usually affects the elbow (79% of patients), [7] wrist (66%), and ankle (66%). After the stroke, spasticity in the lower limbs especially can increase the stiffness of the muscles and fascia [8] around the joints and decreases the ROM. Balance refers to the ability to maintain body orientation in both static and dynamic conditions. Postural stability at rest and in response to active movement or external perturbations are the respective categories of these conditions. The human body relies on a composite sensorimotor-control system that coordinates body segments through [9] feedback and feed-forward strategies. Mobility refers to the capability of a person to move and control their body position. The process of physical mobility requires adequate muscle strength, energy, skeletal stability, joint function, and neuromuscular coordination. Any factor that affects this process can result in limited mobility. There are several physical and psychological factors that can cause immobility. Mobility can also be adversely affected by several traumatic injuries, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, [10] and Parkinson's disease. NEED OF THE STUDY Ÿ Foot drop is a common consequence of stroke, with an incidence rate as high as 20 to 30 percent. It is characterized by an ankle joint that cannot dorsiex, resulting in cross-threshold gait while walking. The ankle joint is the centre of adjustment for human walking posture and stability. Ÿ The dorsiexion function plays a crucial role in gait. Abnormal dorsiexion function can affect the angle of hip exion and knee exion, leading to asymmetrical gait and decreased pace. Foot drop can limit a person's ability to perform daily activities and their independence. Reduced ankle ROM due to dorsiexor spasticity can affect their balance, posture and walking patterns. Ÿ There is limited research available on KT-PNF, and the conclusions drawn from the studies are inconsistent. Thus, there is a need for large randomized control trials to examine the consistency in the ndings. Systematic reviews have presented KT application in various methods and durations ranging from 1 day to 12 weeks. Moreover, it is essential to examine the relative efcacy of different treatment dosages in KT application and optimize the treatment program to best suit the patient's needs. OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the effectiveness of KT-PNF over affected dorsiexors on ankle ROM by Universal goniometer in subjects with sub-acute stroke. 2. To determine the effectiveness of KT-PNF over affected dorsiexors on balance ability by BBS in subjects with sub-acute stroke. 3. To determine the effectiveness of KT-PNF over affected dorsiexors on mobility by TUGT in subjects with sub-acute stroke. ABSTRACT Background And Purpose: Stroke is dened as an abrupt onset of a focal neurological decit and is a leading cause of prolonged disability and
... It is very important to note that the two methods of application (with tension and without tension) differ significantly in terms of the pressure exerted on the skin. Although skin convolutions are thought to enhance local blood flow, the available data do not strongly support this claim [41][42][43]. While there are various studies of lower back pain that indicate no significant effects or differences between elastic taping applications with or without convolutions [44,45], there is a lack of similar data for the cervical area, except for the research conducted by Ay et al. [32]. ...
The aim of this study was to measure the effects on three-planar active cervical range of motion (ACROM) and self-perceived pain of elastic taping (ET) application in the cervical area. Thirty participants (n: 22-M and 8-F, age 35.4 ± 4.4 years; body height 173.1 ± 8.4 cm; body mass 73.5 ± 12.8 kg) in the study group (SG) and twenty participants (n: 11-M and 9-F, age 32.6 ± 3.9 years; body height 174.9 ± 10.9 cm; body mass 71.2 ± 12.9 kg) in the control group (CG) were recruited. All subjects had neck and cervical pain in baseline condition. Each group performed an ACROM test and measured the perceived pain in the neck based on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS 0-10, a.u.) at the baseline (T0), after 20 from the ET application (T1), and after three days of wearing the ET application (T2). Between T0 and T1, an ET was applied to the cervical area of the SG participants. Statistical analysis did not show any significant change in CG in any measurement session for ACROM and neck pain parameters. Conversely, the SG showed significant improvements for ACROM rotation to the left (T0 64.8 ± 7.7 •-T2 76.0 ± 11.1 • p < 0.000) and right (T0 66.0 ± 11.9 •-T2 74.2 ± 9.6 • p < 0.000), lateral inclination to the left (T0 37.5 ± 6.9 •-T2 40.6 ± 10.8 • p < 0.000) and right (T0 36.5 ± 7.9 •-T2 40.9 ± 5.2 • p < 0.000), extension (T0 47.0 ± 12.9 •-T2 55.1 ± 12.3 • p < 0.001), and flexion (T0 55.0 ± 3.6 •-T2 62.9 ± 12.0 • p < 0.006). A significant decrease was also measured in SG for pain NRS between T0 and T2 (T0 7.5 ± 1.0 •-T1 5.5 ± 1.4-T2 1.4 ± 1.5 • p < 0.000). In conclusion, a bilateral and symmetrical ET cervical application is useful to enhance multiplanar ACROM and reduce subjective self-perceived cervical pain when it is needed. Based on the evidence, the use of ET on the neck is recommended for managing neck motion restrictions and pain in adult individuals.
... It is important to note that the two methods of application (with tension and without tension) differ significantly in terms of the pressure exerted on the skin. Although skin convolutions are thought to enhance local blood flow, the available data do not strongly support this claim [41][42][43]. While there are various studies on lower back pain that indicate no significant effects or differences between elastic taping applications with or without convolutions [44,45], there is a lack of similar data for the cervical area; except for the research conducted by Ay et al. [32]. ...
The aim of this study was to measure the effects on 3D active cervical Range of Motion (ACROM) and perceived pain of a n elastic taping (ET) application in the cervical area. Thirty participants (n: 22M and 8F, age 35.4±4.4 years; body height 173.1±8.4 cm; body mass 73.5±12.8 kg) for the study group (SG) and twenty subjects (n: 11M and 9F, age 32.6±3.9 years; body height 174.9±10.9 cm; body mass 71.2±12.9 kg) for the control group (CG) were recruited. All subjects were symptomatic for neck and cervical pain in baseline condition. Each group performed on ACROM test and the perceived pain on neck basing as Numerical Rating Scale (NRS 0-10, a.u.): at the baseline (T0); after 20' from ET application (T1); after three days of wearing the ET application (T2). Between T0 and T1 an ET was applied on the cervical area of the SG participants. Statistical analysis did not show any significant change in CG in any measurement session for ACROM and neck pain parameters. Conversely, the SG showed significant improvements for ACROM rotation left (T0 64.8 ± 7.7° - T2 76.0 ± 11.1° p < 0.000) and right (T0 66.0 ± 11.9° - T2 74.2 ± 9.6° p < 0.000); lateral inclination left (T0 37.5 ± 6.9° - T2 40.6 ± 10.8° p < 0.000) and right (T0 36.5 ± 7.9° - T2 40.9 ± 5.2° p < 0.000); flexion posterior (T0 47.0 ± 12.9° - T2 55.1 ± 12.3° p < 0.001) and anterior (T0 55.0 ± 3.6° - T2 62.9 ± 12.0° p < 0.006). A significant decrease was measure also in SG for pain NRS between T0 and T2 (T0 7.5 ± 1.0° - T1 5.5 ± 1.4 - T2 1.4 ± 1.5° p < 0.000). In conclusion, the results of this study underline the usefulness of a bilateral and symmetrical ET cervical application in terms to enhance multiplanar ACROM and to reduce subjective self-perceived cervical pain when it is needed. These findings can be applied for managing musculoskeletal health of different kind of individuals.
... It is based on the proprioception principle, and its primary purposes are to stimulate or restrain some muscular functions, decrease injury, and increase the range of motion via mechanoreceptors in the treatment area (22,37,38,39). In addition, the K-tape intervention can enhance muscular endurance and the flow of cutaneous blood and lymphatic fluid (40,41). The K-tape is usually stuck on the target part from the muscles' origin to its insertion with 25-50% tension (42). ...
... Similarly, the report from Werasirirat et al. (2018) indicated that using the Ktape with 50% tension at the acromion to the T10 thoracic vertebrae for three weeks can diminish FSP with higher statistical significance than using only tape without tension. The K-tape can activate the cutaneous mechanoreceptor, a sensory receptor on the skin (41). The tension from the tape, via the functional correction technique, would make volunteers feel tension when their shoulder joints are in improper alignment (24). ...
... A bandagem neuromuscular foi desenvolvida em 1973 pelo médico japonês Kenzo Kase, com o objetivo de ser uma terapia auxiliar no processo de reabilitação, originalmente direcionada para lesões musculoesqueléticas. Constitui um tratamento não farmacológico de baixo custo, simples e de fácil aplicação que está ganhando espaço na prática clínica pelas suas funções na redução da dor e do inchaço local, e na melhora da atividade muscular 10 . Acredita-se que o mecanismo envolvido no alívio da dor seja o estímulo proprioceptivo dos mecanorreceptores, e a modulação da dor pela inibição da transmissão nociceptiva no sistema nervoso central 10,11 . ...
... Constitui um tratamento não farmacológico de baixo custo, simples e de fácil aplicação que está ganhando espaço na prática clínica pelas suas funções na redução da dor e do inchaço local, e na melhora da atividade muscular 10 . Acredita-se que o mecanismo envolvido no alívio da dor seja o estímulo proprioceptivo dos mecanorreceptores, e a modulação da dor pela inibição da transmissão nociceptiva no sistema nervoso central 10,11 . ...
Introdução: A bandagem cinesiológica e um tratamento não farmacológico de baixo custo, simples e de fácil aplicação, que tem como função atuar na redução da dor, no edema local e na melhora da atividade muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o uso da bandagem compressiva na ocorrência de dor pós-operatória em mulheres submetidas a mastectomia no Hospital do Câncer III do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (HC III/INCA). Método: Ensaio clinico randomizado com 106 mulheres submetidas a mastectomia entre marco e novembro de 2021. As pacientes, após sorteio, foram designadas para um grupo controle de cuidados de rotina da instituição e para um grupo intervenção, em que foi acrescida, aos cuidados de rotina, a aplicação da bandagem compressiva na região do plastrão no primeiro dia (D1) do pós-operatório. Foram avaliadas dor, parestesia, amplitude de movimento e síndrome da rede axilar no D1, na primeira semana (D7) e no primeiro mês (D30) após a cirurgia. Resultados: Os dois grupos foram similares com relação aos dados demográficos e clínicos. Não houve diferença significativa na presença de dor no local da aplicação (nas avaliações D7 e D30) sendo 24,1% e 27,8% para o grupo da bandagem compressiva (p=0,102) e 11,8% e 17,6% para o grupo controle (p=0,217). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para qualquer desfecho avaliado. Conclusão: O uso da bandagem compressiva no pós-operatório imediato não esteve associado a dor e a outras complicações nas avaliações de sete e 30 dias de pós-operatório de mastectomias.
... Moreover, Dr. Kenzo Kase suggested that depending on how this elastic tape is applied, it can lead to a reduction in pain and swelling, mechanical correction or support, as well as an improvement in the muscle activity or functional proprioceptive stimulation [2]. Over the years, the method has become increasingly popular among specialists including physical therapists, sports therapists, chiropractors, osteopaths and sports trainers [3]. Dynamic tapingas one of many therapeutic methodshas a wide range of applications in medicine, sports or even podology [3]. ...
... Over the years, the method has become increasingly popular among specialists including physical therapists, sports therapists, chiropractors, osteopaths and sports trainers [3]. Dynamic tapingas one of many therapeutic methodshas a wide range of applications in medicine, sports or even podology [3]. The Polish publications on this particular method use such terms as kinesiology taping and kinesio taping -KT [4,5]. ...
... Additionally, it supports the functions of joints by protecting, stabilizing and increasing their mobility, and stimulates deep sensations by causing an increase in mechanoreceptive and prioperceptive impulses [9,10]. Radiological evidence confirms that KT causes mechanical deformations of the tissues beneath the tape [3]. Kase et al. argued that the use of Kinesio taping has some physiological effects, such as reduction in pain or abnormal sensations, facilitation of muscle movement, removal of blockages in the lymph fluid or subcutaneous hemorrhage and correction of the joint misalignment [2]. ...
Kinesio taping (KT) is a method of elastic taping, created in the 1970s by a Japanese chiropractor, Dr. Kenzo Kase. The aim of this study was to present KT techniques and its application in various fields of medicine, sports and rehabilitation. The publications used in this paper were sourced from the PubMed and the Google Scholar databases. The keywords used to search databases included KT, Kinesio taping, medicine, dentistry and sport. Based on this study, it can be concluded that KT is the most recommendable method. Its use is being increasingly popular in many fields of medicine. It can be considered as an alternative for painkillers, especially in patients for whom the use of painkillers is not advisable or ineffective due to their condition. KT is well tolerated by patients and saves time; therefore, its use should be taken into account in various medical environments. In order to use this method, one should complete specialized courses, which, on the one hand, provide theoretical basis for its use, and on the other hand, teach how to choose original tapes in a practical way, as well as apply appropriate techniques in order to observe and compare the effects of one's work-therapy and treatment.
... 56 Other researchers, however, did not find any significant changes in local microcirculation after KT was applied. 57 Respondents also use KT to enhance myofascial mobility, which has some evidence in the literature for causing deformation of the different skin and myofascial layers locally 58,59 and distally 59 which supports the mechanical effects of the tape. ...
Background:
The existing body of kinesiology tape (KT) research reveals inconsistent results which challenges the efficacy of the intervention. Understanding professional beliefs and KT clinical application might provide insight for future research and development of evidence-based guidelines.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to survey and document the beliefs and clinical application methods of KT among healthcare professionals in the United States.
Design:
Cross-sectional survey study.
Methods:
A 30-question online survey was emailed to members of the National Athletic Trainers Association, Academy of Orthopedic Physical Therapy, and American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy. Professionals were also informed through a recruitment post in different private healthcare Facebook groups.
Results:
One thousand and eighty-three respondents completed the survey. Most respondents used KT for post-injury treatment (74%), pain modulation (67%), and neuro-sensory feedback (60%). Most believed that KT stimulates skin mechanoreceptors (77%), improve local circulation (69%), and modulates pain (60%). Some respondents believed KT only created a placebo effect (40%) and use it for such therapeutic purposes (58%). Most used a standard uncut roll (67%) in black (71%) or beige (66%). Most respondents did not use any specialty pre-cut tape (83%), infused tape (99.54%), or a topical analgesic with tape (65%). The most common tape tension lengths used by respondents were 50% tension (47%) and 25% (25%) tension. Patient reported outcomes (80%) were the most common clinical measures. Most respondents provided skin prep (64%) and tape removal (77%) instructions. Some did not provide any skin prep (36%) or tape removal (23%) instruction. The average recommended times to wear KT were two to three days (60%). The maximum times ranged from two to five days (81%).
Conclusion:
This survey provides insight into how professionals use KT and highlights the gap between research and practice. Future research should address these gaps to better determine evidence-based guidelines.
Level of evidence:
3.
... [11,29] While there is evidence that kinesiology taping of the skin produces mechanical deformation of tissues underneath and an increase in epidermal-dermal distance, [66][67][68][69] laboratory studies have found that kinesiology taping does not increase cutaneous or skeletal muscle blood flow when measured using laser Doppler imaging technologies under a variety of experimental conditions such as at rest and during exercise. [70][71][72][73] Perhaps the most plausible mechanism by which kinesiology taping may reduce pain is the notion that kinesiology taping during movement causes stretching and recoil of the skin, which activates low-threshold mechanoreceptor peripheral afferents causing central inhibition of nociceptive transmission and hence modulation of pain in line with the gate control theory of pain. [29] Findings from laboratory studies that evaluated the effect of kinesiology taping to transient nociceptive-stimuli interacting with a normally functioning nociceptive system in the presence or absence of sensitisation found conflicting results. ...
Kinesiology taping has emerged as a relatively new treatment used for the management of pain in musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of our review was to synthesise up-to-date evidence from systematic reviews on the clinical efficacy of kinesiology taping for managing musculoskeletal pain. Electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, CENTRAL, AMED, CINAHL, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, OTseeker, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Open Thesis, EThOS) were searched for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis published in English and non-English languages. Search findings were screened against eligibility criteria and systematic review data was extracted, tabulated and descriptively analysed. Our review included 43 systematic reviews (17 meta-analyses). Systematic reviewers reported a paucity of high-quality randomised controlled trials and that overall evidence was of "very low" to "moderate" quality. There were 32 systematic reviews published since 2015 and these provided tentative evidence that kinesiology taping was superior to no or minimal treatment, but not superior to conventional physical therapies for reducing pain and improving function in the short-term in myofascial pain syndrome, shoulder impingement syndrome, chronic low back pain, knee osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain syndrome. There is insufficient high-quality evidence to determine the clinical efficacy of kinesiology taping for managing musculoskeletal pain with any certainty. We recommend that an enriched enrolment randomised withdrawal trial is needed to increase the trustworthiness of evidence to inform clinical practice. Healthcare professionals in musculoskeletal practice should view kinesiology taping as one of a variety of nonpharmacological approaches with uncertain efficacy that may be used in combination with the core treatment.
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of kinesio taping on exercise-induced muscle damage and provide guidelines for field application.METHODS To review the literature, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library using keywords including “kinesio taping,” “exercise-induced muscle damage,” “eccentric muscle contraction,” “delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).”RESULTS Previous studies have shown that kinesio taping effectively reduces exercise-induced muscle damage (particularly DOMS). The ‘convolutions’ characteristics of kinesio taping are assumed to be the primary contributor to these results. Some mechanical or neurological mechanism may also exert a substantial effect. For field applications, the application period, tension, and type of KT interventions should be considered.CONCLUSIONS Kinesio taping may be a useful tool to promote recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Some aspects of kinesio-taping and its therapeutic mechanisms require further study.
BACKGROUND: Kinesio Taping (KT) is used for musculoskeletal problems. KT optimizes and reduces mechanical stresses on soft tissues. However, the benefits of KT and traditional exercises for different severities of knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of tension KT and traditional physical therapy on different severities of knee OA. METHODS: Fifty-six male patients with knee OA, aged 60–75-y years, were allocated to groups A and B based on grades 1 and 2 and grades 3 and 4 on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale, respectively. Tension KT and traditional physical therapy were administrated to both groups for 6-wks. The extensor peak moment of quadriceps and knee flexion range of motion (ROM) were recorded using an isokinetic dynamometer and universal goniometer, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score pain level. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANCOVA test. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed an increase in peak extensor moment of quadriceps (Pre: 51.6 ± 2.8 Nm; Post: 63.3 ± 4.3 Nm), knee flexion ROM (Pre: 112.8±∘ 7.2; Post: 122.9±∘ 4.8), and pain improvement (Pre: 5.1 ± 1.07; Post: 2.8 ± 1.6) in group A (p< 0.001). Group B showed insignificant improvements in all outcome measures (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: KT with traditional physical therapy improved knee pain, quadriceps strength, and knee ROM in older males with knee OA grades 1 and 2. KT and traditional physical therapy were insufficient to produce considerable effects on grades 3 and 4 of knee OA.
