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Dematiosporium aquaticum (CBS 144793). A. Effuse colony with visible single conidia. B-E. Conidia. F. Conidia formed on submerged hyphae in agar. G, H. Conidial initials. I-N. Conidia and conidiophores (pores indicated by arrows). A-E. On natural substrate. F-N. On MLA. O. Colonies on MLA, OA and PCA after 4 wk. Bars: A = 250 μm, B-E, G-N = 10 μm, F = 500 μm, O = 1 cm.
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The newly discovered systematic placement of Bactrodesmium abruptum, the lectotype species of the genus, prompted a re-valuation of the traditionally broadly conceived genus Bactrodesmium. Fresh material, axenic cultures and new DNA sequence data of five gene regions of six species, i.e. B. abruptum, B. diversum, B. leptopus, B. obovatum, B. pallid...
Citations
... A recent molecular investigation revealed that certain Bactrodesmium species were assigned to distinct classes, including Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Leotiomycetes. Consequently, these species were transferred to other genera (Réblová et al. 2020). ...
... Actually, the genus possesses 38 accepted species (Espinoza et al. 2020, Shi et al. 2020 recorded from temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of the Southern and Northern Hemispheres (Réblová et al. 2020). Species are frequently encountered in ecosystems where decaying wood and leaves are present (Castaneda-Ruiz 1985, Koukol & Kolárová 2010, Espinoza et al. 2020) playing a crucial role in the natural environment by facilitating nutrient cycling. ...
... Consequently, we propose an emendation to the genus Bactrodesmium to include the presence of setae as a new feature in the delimitation of the genus. The last emendation to the genus was made by Réblová et al. (2020). Hughes also present morphological characters close to B. amazonicum, but these species exhibit ellipsoidal-clavate conidia (Réblová et al. 2020). ...
... Gamsomyces has sporodochial or synnematous conidiomata, semi-macronematous or macronematous conidiophores, and fusiform, pigmented, transversely euseptate conidia (Dong et al. 2020;Réblová et al. 2020). Additionally, Sclerococcum possesses loose sporodochia with catenate conidia (Hawksworth 1975;Jones et al. 1999;Pang et al. 2014;Pino-Bodas et al. 2017;Zhurbenko et al. 2022;Paz-Bermúdez et al. 2023). ...
... Notes: Morphologically, Sclerococcum pseudobactrodesmium resembles Bactrodesmium diversum, especially in its macronematous, fasciculate, short conidiophores, blastic terminal conidiogenous cells, and clavate to ellipsoidalclavate conidia with a conspicuous central pore at the septa (Réblová et al. 2020). However, multigene phylogeny reveals that our new species is nested within Sclerococcum (Sclerococcaceae, Sclerococcales, Eurotiomycetes; Fig. 1), while Bactrodesmium diversum is classified under Savoryellales (Sordariomycetes; Réblová et al. 2020). ...
... Notes: Morphologically, Sclerococcum pseudobactrodesmium resembles Bactrodesmium diversum, especially in its macronematous, fasciculate, short conidiophores, blastic terminal conidiogenous cells, and clavate to ellipsoidalclavate conidia with a conspicuous central pore at the septa (Réblová et al. 2020). However, multigene phylogeny reveals that our new species is nested within Sclerococcum (Sclerococcaceae, Sclerococcales, Eurotiomycetes; Fig. 1), while Bactrodesmium diversum is classified under Savoryellales (Sordariomycetes; Réblová et al. 2020). Furthermore, Sclerococcum pseudobactrodesmium is distinguished from other Sclerococcum taxa by its unique clavate to ellipsoidalclavate conidia (Thiyagaraja et al. 2022). ...
In this study, four terrestrial collections of bactrodesmium-like hyphomycetous fungi were isolated from rotten wood in Guizhou Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined LSU, ITS, mtSSU, and SSU sequence matrix indicate that these four isolates represent one species belonging to the Sclerococcum within the Dactylosporaceae, and present a distinct lineage. Therefore, Sclerococcum pseudobactrodesmium sp. nov. was introduced with corresponding morphological descriptions. Sclerococcum pseudobactrodesmium represents the first lignicolous asexual species from a terrestrial habitat.
... ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 25-29 μm × 13-15 μm, brown to dark brown, 4-septate, with the longest central cell; the septa thick-walled, apical and basal ends subhyaline to pale brown (cf. Réblová et al., 2020). B. betulicola is a fungus growing on the bark of dead fallen twigs of Betula pendula (Hayova, 2011). ...
... Bactrodesmium is one of the earliest described hyphomycete genera, with the type species B. abruptum described from dead wood in the UK already in 1865 (Berkeley and Broome, 1865;Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017). B. abruptum is known in Europe (France, the United Kingdom, and Spain) and in New Zealand (Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017;Réblová et al., 2020). Occurs on decaying wood and bark of various deciduous trees in terrestrial and freshwater habitats; it has been reported from Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, and other unidentified substrates (Ellis, 1959;Hughes, 1978;Silvera-Simón et al., 2009;Réblová et al., 2020). ...
... B. abruptum is known in Europe (France, the United Kingdom, and Spain) and in New Zealand (Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017;Réblová et al., 2020). Occurs on decaying wood and bark of various deciduous trees in terrestrial and freshwater habitats; it has been reported from Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, and other unidentified substrates (Ellis, 1959;Hughes, 1978;Silvera-Simón et al., 2009;Réblová et al., 2020). ...
This paper reports on new, previously undescribed non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) of fungal origin preserved in moss polsters in a forest environment of a temperate zone. Modern NPPs were recovered from moss samples from 114 sites located in different types of forest ecosystems of Białowieża Forest, north-eastern Poland – a forest complex with a high degree of naturalness, similar to forests that covered large areas of Europe in the past.
98 types of fungal NPPs were identified, of which 20 morphotypes presented here are considered new, not previously described. Half of the new remains could be identified to species or genus level, thereby conferring ecological indicator value to them. Each new, determined NPP can be a useful tool in environmental reconstructions.
This study shows that moss polsters in forested areas contain many undescribed NPPs, the description and analysis of which can deliver additional ecological information about ecosystems.
... Some helicosporous fungi are suggested to have differentiated by the convergent evolution for adapting to aquatic environment by forming water surface dispersing conidia (Tsui & Berbee, 2006). The species of Helicoon of the different lineages from the type species of existing genera were assigned to the following newly established genera; Pleohelicoon, Pseudohelicoon, Magnohelicospora and Helicoascotaiwania by taxonomic revision based on phylogenetic analysis (Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017;Jayasiri et al., 2019;Lu et al., 2018;Réblová et al., 2020). Furthermore Helicoma, Helicomyces and Helicosporium were also conducted taxonomic revision dramatically (Lu et al. 2018). ...
Aero-aquatic fungi compose an ecological group of saprophytes inhabiting the submerged decaying substrates in stagnant freshwater environment. They produce three-dimensional shaped, multi-cellular conidia, which float on water surface by holding air between conidial cells. Because the conidia show diverse morphology, genus and species level classification have been based on their features. They are mostly known as asexual morphs of Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. Recent phylogenetic study revealed the aero-aquatic fungi appeared mainly in the lineages of Leotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree showed the aero-aquatic fungi have polyphyletic origins and similar three-dimensional conidial morphology generated as a convergent evolution among different lineages of fungi by the selection pressure for inhabiting freshwater environment. Recent studies suggested the ancestors of the aero-aquatic fungi were terrestrial fungi.
... In addition to Chloridium s. str., this clade is the only one within the family that comprises genera exhibiting conidial ontogeny on multiple loci, i.e. Cacumisporium, Capillisphaeria, Exserticlava (not included in the analyses due to fragmentary LSU sequence data, see phylogram in Réblová et al. 2020), Fusichloridium, and Spicatispora. Interestingly, all genera that grouped in Clade A, including Catenularia, Ericiosphaeria, Kylindrochaeta, Paragaeumannomyces and also four species of Chaetosphaeria incertae sedis, are characterized by sexual morphs with long fusiform, cylindrical-fusiform, cylindrical to filiform, transversely septate, hyaline ascospores that may have asymmetrical ends and do not fragment into part spores. ...
In this study, we investigated the morphological and genetic variability of selected species belonging to the genus Chloridium sensu lato , some also referred to as chloridium-like asexual morphs and other undescribed morphologically similar fungi. These species do not conform to the revised generic concept and thus necessitate a re-evaluation in terms of taxonomy and phylogeny. The family Chaetosphaeriaceae ( Chaetosphaeriales ) encompasses a wide range of asexual morphotypes, and among them, the simplest form is represented by Chloridium sect. Chloridium . The morphological simplicity of the Chloridium morphotype has historically led to the amalgamation of numerous unrelated species, thereby creating a heterogeneous genus. By conducting phylogenetic reconstruction of four DNA loci and examining a set of 71 strains, including all available ex-type and other non-type strains as well as holotypes and other herbarium material, we were able to gain new insights into the relationships between these taxa. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the studied species are distantly related to Chloridium sensu stricto and can be grouped into two orders in the Sordariomycetes . Within the Chaetosphaeriales , they formed nine well-separated genera in four clades, such as Cacumisporium , Caliciastrum gen. nov. , Caligospora gen. nov. , Capillisphaeria gen. nov. , Curvichaeta , Fusichloridium , Geniculoseta gen. nov. , Papillospora gen. nov. , and Spicatispora gen. nov. We also established Chloridiopsiella gen. nov. and Chloridiopsis gen. nov. in Vermiculariopsiellales . Four new species and eight new combinations are proposed in these genera. Our study provides a clearer understanding of the genus Chloridium , its relationship to other morphologically similar fungi, and a new taxonomic treatment and molecular phylogeny to facilitate their accurate identification and classification in future research.
... Canalisporium grenadoideum (=Ascothailandia grenadoidea) is the only species that represents a sexual morph: globose, dark brown, ostiolate ascomata, eight-spored, long cylindrical, unitunicate asci, fusiform, three-euseptate ascospores [28]. Dematiosporium, typified by D. aquaticum, and currently consist of species, in particular, from freshwater habitat [17,26]. This genus is characterized by cylindrical, unbranched, aseptate conidiophores and globose to subglobose, dictyospores conidia with a pore in each cell [17,26]. ...
... Dematiosporium, typified by D. aquaticum, and currently consist of species, in particular, from freshwater habitat [17,26]. This genus is characterized by cylindrical, unbranched, aseptate conidiophores and globose to subglobose, dictyospores conidia with a pore in each cell [17,26]. The generic type of Savoryella, S. lignicola, was initially discovered during a survey of cellulolytic fungi in a simulated aquatic environment and has been subsequently recovered from different woody substrates (i.e., Bambusa sp.) in aquatic or marine habitats [18,21,29]. ...
... Savoryellaceae (Savoryellales, Sordariomycetes), with an estimated divergence crown age of 182 MYA [16], contains generally saprobic fungi on bamboos, palms, Pandanus, Machilus sp., Pinus sp., or other unidentified woody substrates in terrestrial, freshwater, marine, brackish water, and water-cooling towers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The family currently comprises six genera: Ascotaiwania, Bactrodesmium, Canalisporium, Dematiosporium, Neoascotaiwania, and Savoryella [17,23], which are characterized by immersed or superficial, globose to pyriform ascomata with paraphyses, two-to-eight-spored, clavate to cylindrical, unitunicate asci with an inamyloid apical ring, and ellipsoid, fusiform ascospores, with or without a gelatinous sheath, as well as a dematiaceous hyphomycetous asexual morph with globose to subglobose or obovate to oval conidia [24,25]. ...
Asexual and sexual morphs of saprobic bambusicolous fungi were collected from freshwater and terrestrial habitats in Sichuan Province, China. Taxonomic identification of these fungi was carried out on the basis of morphological comparison, culture characteristics, and molecular phylogeny. Multi-gene phylogeny based on combined SSU, ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tef1α sequence data was performed to determine their phylogenetic placement, and the result showed that these fungi belong to Savoryellaceae. Morphologically, four asexual morphs are similar to Canalisporium and Dematiosporium, while a sexual morph well-fits to Savoryella. Three new species, Canalisporium sichuanense, Dematiosporium bambusicola, and Savoryella bambusicola are identified and described. Two new records, C. dehongense and D. aquaticum, were recovered from the bamboo hosts in terrestrial and freshwater habitats, respectively. In addition, the nomenclatural confusion of C. dehongense and C. thailandense is discussed.
... (Calabon et al. 2020b. The most speciose phylum is Ascomycota, with freshwater fungi most reported in Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few in Eurotiomycetes Liu et al. 2015b;Luo et al. 2019;Wang et al. 2019;Dong et al. 2020b;Réblová et al. 2020a;Calabon et al. 2022). ...
... Notes: Réblová et al. (2020a) established Gamsomyces to accommodate two asexual fungi with sporodochial or synnematous conidiomata, semi-macronematous or macronematous, fasciculate conidiophores, monoblastic conidiogenous cells and multi-septate, narrowly fusiform conidia with a mucilaginous cap at the apex. Dong et al. (2020a), at the same time, introduced a new genus Pseudobactrodesmium which matches the generic concept of Gamsomyces. ...
... Gamsomyces aquaticus (W. Dong Notes: The genera Gamsomyces was introduced earlier than Pseudobactrodesmium Réblová et al. 2020a). Morphology and molecular data revealed they represent the same genus this study). ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... Amplification of the partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2), the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1, first part) and the partial beta-tubulin gene (tub2) followed Braun et al. (2018), while amplification of the partial actin gene (actA), the partial calmodulin gene (cmdA), the partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gapdh) and the partial histone H3 gene (his3) followed Videira et al. (2016). Amplification of the partial DNAdirected RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene (rpb1) followed Klaubauf et al. (2014), and the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1, second part) followed Réblová et al. (2020). The resulting fragments were sequenced in both directions using the respective PCR primers and the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit v. 3.1 (Applied Biosystems Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA); DNA sequencing amplicons were purified through Sephadex G-50 Superfine columns (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in MultiScreen HV plates (Millipore, Billerica, MA). ...
Nine new genera, 17 new species, nine new combinations, seven epitypes, three lectotypes, one neotype, and 14 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: Neobarrmaelia (based on Neobarrmaelia hyphaenes ), Neobryochiton (based on Neobryochiton narthecii ), Neocamarographium (based on Neocamarographium carpini ), Nothocladosporium (based on Nothocladosporium syzygii ), Nothopseudocercospora (based on Nothopseudocercospora dictamni ), Paracamarographium (based on Paracamarographium koreanum ), Pseudohormonema (based on Pseudohormonema sordidus ), Quasiphoma (based on Quasiphoma hyphaenes ), Rapidomyces (based on Rapidomyces narthecii ). New species: Ascocorticium sorbicola (on leaves of Sorbus aucuparia , Belgium), Dactylaria retrophylli (on leaves of Retrophyllum rospigliosii , Colombia), Dactylellina miltoniae (on twigs of Miltonia clowesii , Colombia), Exophiala eucalyptigena (on dead leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis supporting Idolothrips spectrum , Australia), Idriellomyces syzygii (on leaves of Syzygium chordatum , South Africa), Microcera lichenicola (on Parmelia sulcata , Netherlands), Neobarrmaelia hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Neobryochiton narthecii (on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum , Netherlands), Niesslia pseudoexilis (on dead leaf of Quercus petraea , Serbia), Nothocladosporium syzygii (on leaves of Syzygium chordatum , South Africa), Nothotrimmatostroma corymbiae (on leaves of Corymbia henryi , South Africa), Phaeosphaeria hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Pseudohormonema sordidus (on a from human pacemaker, USA), Quasiphoma hyphaenes (on leaves of Hyphaene sp., South Africa), Rapidomyces narthecii (on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum , Netherlands), Reticulascus parahennebertii (on dead culm of Juncus inflexus , Netherlands), Scytalidium philadelphianum (from compressed air in a factory, USA). New combinations: Neobarrmaelia serenoae , Nothopseudocercospora dictamni , Dothiora viticola , Floricola sulcata , Neocamarographium carpini , Paracamarographium koreanum , Rhexocercosporidium bellocense , Russula lilacina . Epitypes: Elsinoe corni (on leaves of Cornus florida , USA), Leptopeltis litigiosa (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum , Netherlands), Nothopseudocercospora dictamni (on living leaves of Dictamnus albus , Russia), Ramularia arvensis (on leaves of Potentilla reptans , Netherlands), Rhexocercosporidium bellocense (on leaves of Verbascum sp., Germany), Rhopographus filicinus (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum , Netherlands), Septoria robiniae (on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia , Belgium). Lectotypes: Leptopeltis litigiosa (on Pteridium aquilinum , France), Rhopographus filicinus (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum , Netherlands), Septoria robiniae (on leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia , Belgium). Neotype: Camarographium stephensii (on dead leaf fronds of Pteridium aquilinum , Netherlands).
... The tef1-α region was amplified with the EF1-983F/EF1-2218R primers (Rehner & Buckley 2005) and tub2 with the T1/Bt2b primer pair (O'Donnell & Cigelnik 1997, Glass & Donaldson 1995. PCR of ITS, LSU, and tef1-α was carried out as described in Réblová et al. (2020). PCR of tub2 was carried out in a BioRad C1000 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA) as follows: 98 °C for 1 min; 3 cycles of touchdown PCR denaturation (98 °C for 10 s), annealing (from 62 °C to 58 °C (temperature reduced every cycle for 2 °C) and elongation 72 °C for 90 s; 34 cycles of denaturation (98 °C for 10 s), annealing (57 °C for 30 s) and elongation (72 °C for 90 s) and a final extension step at 72 °C for 5 min. ...
Chloridium is a little-studied group of soil- and wood-inhabiting dematiaceous hyphomycetes that share a rare mode of phialidic conidiogenesis on multiple loci. The genus has historically been divided into three morphological sections, i.e. Chloridium, Gongromeriza, and Psilobotrys. Sexual morphs have been placed in the widely perceived genus Chaetosphaeria, but unlike their asexual counterparts, they show little or no morphological variation. Recent molecular studies have expanded the generic concept to include species defined by a new set of morphological characters, such as the collar-like hyphae, setae, discrete phialides, and penicillately branched conidiophores. The study is based on the consilience of molecular species delimitation methods, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral state reconstruction, morphological hypotheses, and global biogeographic analyses. The multilocus phylogeny demonstrated that the classic concept of Chloridium is polyphyletic, and the original sections are not congeneric. Therefore, we abolish the existing classification and propose to restore the generic status of Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. We present a new generic concept and define Chloridium as a monophyletic, polythetic genus comprising 37 species distributed in eight sections. In addition, of the taxa earlier referred to Gongromeriza, two have been redisposed to the new genus Gongromerizella. Analysis of published metabarcoding data showed that Chloridium is a common soil fungus representing a significant (0.3 %) proportion of sequence reads in environmental samples deposited in the GlobalFungi database. The analysis also showed that they are typically associated with forest habitats, and their distribution is strongly influenced by climate, which is confirmed by our data on their ability to grow at different temperatures. We demonstrated that Chloridium forms species-specific ranges of distribution, which is rarely documented for microscopic soil fungi. Our study shows the feasibility of using the GlobalFungi database to study the biogeography and ecology of fungi.
... & Sacc. a monotypic genus with synnematal or sporodochial conidiomata, produces 'conidiophores arising from a stromatic base and bearing short monoblastic conidiogenous cells with distoseptate conidia representing a phialidic synanamorph in vitro, fide Réblová et al. (2020), based on Goos (1971) and Ellis (1976); (2) Crous et al. (2009) confirmed that Readeriella sensu stricto species (= Nothostrasseria Nag Raj) have Cibiessia synasexual morphs. ...
